Oil Emulsion Method Research Articles

High efficiency azo dye removal via a combination of adsorption and photocatalytic processes using heterojunction Titanium dioxide nanoparticles on hierarchical porous carbon

Amidst the rapid development of the textile industry, wastewater problems also arise. High-performance materials for reactive black 5 (RB5) dye treatment by adsorption and photocatalysis were evolved using Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on carbon media. Herein, the synthesis of spherical carbon via the water–in–oil emulsion method alongside a sol–gel process and the production of TiO2 nanoparticles using the precipitation procedure of Titanium isopropoxide and carbonization at 700–900 °C for 2 h are a novel approach in this work. The characterization of these materials indicates that different temperatures result in distinct properties, for instance, raised pores on the surface of the media and changes in the crystal structure of TiO2. The results show that the as-synthesized material carbonized at 900 °C had distinguished dye adsorption, up to 430 ppm in 1 h, due to their high surface area and pore volume. On the contrary, the calcined 700 °C condition had the prominent photocatalytic efficiency on account of the heterojunction band gap between anatase and rutile crystal structure. A mixed phase minimizes the charge recombination, subsequently increasing the photocatalytic capability.

Chitosan-Reinforced Gelatin Microspheres-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC): A Novel Bone Alloplast Graft Material Synthesis and an In Vivo Analysis.

Aim and objective The study aimed to assess and evaluate the efficacyof glass ionomer modified with chitosan-reinforced gelatin microspheres on bone formation. Materials and methods The study involved three groups: Group I comprised plain glass ionomer cement; Group II comprised glass ionomer cement/gelatin (70:30 wt%); in Group III, glass ionomer cement/gelatin/chitosan (70:30%) scaffold were made into discs; the gelatin microspheres were synthesized by oil emulsion method. The synthesized scaffold was subjected to the following in vitro testing, Instron Universal Testing Machine (UTM), U3000, (Instron Corporation, Norwood, Massachusetts, United States) to assess compressive strength, scanning electron microscope(SEM) examination, and biocompatibility testing using hemocompatibility assay. The material was then testedin vivo; male Wistar albino rats, a total of nine animals, were utilized for this purpose. Three animals were used in each group; a femoral defect model was the model of choice for the experiment and the animals were observed for a period of four weeks, following which the animals were sacrificed and sent for histopathological analysis. Results The compression testing was carried out using UTM; test group I was 33 MPa, test group II was 2.3 MPa, and test group III was 25.75 MPa. SEM (JSM-IT800 Schottky Field Emission NANO SEM (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan)) analysis was done to observe the porosity of the fabricated scaffold with the average measurement of0.12 ± 0.2 μm in test group II and 0.29 ± 0.4μm in test group III. Hemocompatibility reports noted 0.4-0.8% lysis for the synthesized scaffolds. Histopathology staining of the femur defects showed that group III favoured bone formation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test was done on the data. The optical density values of the alizarin red stained slide showed statistical significance for group III. Conclusion In conclusion, the synthesized scaffolds are biocompatible, distribution of porosity andpore characteristics in the glass ionomer cement/gelatin/chitosan group is better than that of the glass ionomer cement/gelatin group. The glass ionomer cement/gelatin/chitosan group had better compressive strength and induced more bone formation compared to the other test group and the control. Thus, the novel glass ionomer modified with chitosan-reinforced gelatin microspheres has optimal properties to be used as a bone graft material.

Studying the Factors Affecting De-Emulsification of Crude Oil

The paper deals with highly stable emulsions. It is concentrated on de-emulsification of crude oil. In the petroleum industry, de-emulsification is an important and urgent task that is typically required for the treatment of crude oil. This work, suggests method using coupling device integrated centrifuge with chemical to strengthen the de-emulsification efficiency. A number of de-emulsification runs were conducted to determine how centrifuge and chemical components affected the effectiveness of de-emulsifying crude oil and the separation of water, Different types of de-emulsifiers the (ethylene glycol, choline chloride and ethyl cellulose), were used with different concentration of de-emulsifiers, de-emulsification time in centrifuge and centrifugal speed. Also studied at the same time. Studies on the de-emulsification of crude oil were conducted at room temperature. As the concentration of de-emulsifiers was increased, crude oil's de-emulsification efficiency rose , centrifuge time and centrifugal speed ,with de-emulsifier type effect on de- emulsification ,which reached maximum (85.9%,84.4% and 74.07%) at rate 4% of ethylene glycol, choline chloride and ethyl cellulose respectively ,at 60 min and 4000 rpm . This method provides higher water separation from crude oil emulsion and quicker method.

Electrically Polarized Withaferin A and Alginate-Incorporated Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Microspheres Exhibit Osteogenicity and Antibacterial Activity In Vitro.

Biphasic calcium phosphate microspheres were synthesized by the water on oil emulsion method and, subsequently, withaferin A was incorporated in the microspheres to evaluate their efficacy in biomedical applications. These withaferin A and alginate-incorporated biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP-WFA-ALG) microspheres were then negatively polarized, and the formation of biphasic calcium phosphates was validated by X-ray diffraction study. Although the TSDC measurement of the BCP-WFA-ALG microspheres showed the highest current density of 5.37 nA/cm2, the contact angle of the specimen was found to be lower than the control BCP microspheres in all the media. The water uptake into BCP-WFA-ALG microspheres was significantly higher than in the pure BCP microspheres. MTT assay results showed that there was a significant enhancement in cell proliferation rate with the BCP-WFA-ALG composite microspheres. The osteogenic differentiation of MG 63 cells on BCP-WFA-ALG microspheres exhibited an increased expression of osteogenic marker genes in the case of the BCP-WFA-ALG composite microspheres.

Albumin and IgG removal applications with gelatin based biosorbents

Removal of the highest amount of albumin and IgG in the blood plasma for the determination of disease-specific proteins is of great importance in the field of diagnosis and treatment. In this study it is aimed to prepare the biosorbent to be used as a support material in affinity chromatography. Gelatin biosorbents were prepared by water in oil emulsion method and stabilized with glutaraldehyde as a biofunctional crosslinker to obtain spherical biosorbents. Prepared gelatin biosorbents were characterized by optical micrograph and SEM (scanning electron microcope). It was determined that the size/size distribution of the cellulose biosorbents prepared under optimal conditions was on average 3-10 µm. The results revealed that 85,7% of albumin and 79% of IgG in the aqua medium was successfully removed with gelatin biosorbents. It is thought that gelatin biosorbents will be very effective in removing albumin and IgG from high concentrations of proteins in the early diagnosis of low concentration proteins.

Developing hyaluronic acid microgels for sustained delivery of platelet lysate for tissue engineering applications

Platelet lysate (PL), a blood product that contains high concentrations of growth factors (GFs), can be considered as a cost-effective source of multiple GFs. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) based microgels were developed for delivery of PL proteins. Spherical microgel were prepared using a water in oil emulsion method. First, hyaluronic acid was grafted with tyramine groups, after which prepared microdroplets were crosslinked via an enzymatic reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase. Because of electrostatic interactions, these microgels are promising carriers for positively charged proteins entrapment like most of the GFs. When microgels are incubated in PL solution, protein loading takes place which is mainly governed by nonspecific adsorption of plasma proteins. Although this hampered loading efficiency, loading could be increased by repeated washing and incubation steps. The loaded microgels presented a sustained release of PL growth factors for a period of two weeks. When PL enriched microgels were embedded in a HA bulk hydrogel, cell proliferation was higher compared to constructs without microgels. These findings suggest that the developed microgels are a potential candidate for sustained delivery of PL growth factors and present a solution to the issue of their short half-lives in vivo.

Regulation of Osteogenic Markers at Late Stage of Osteoblast Differentiation in Silicon and Zinc Doped Porous TCP.

Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are one of the most widely used synthetic materials for bone grafting applications in the orthopedic industry. Recent trends in synthetic bone graft applications have shifted towards the incorporation of metal trace elements that extend the performance of CaPs to have osteoinductive properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) dopants in highly porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds on late-stage osteoblast cell differentiation markers. In this study, an oil emulsion method is utilized to fabricate highly porous SiO2 doped β-TCP (Si-TCP) and ZnO doped β-TCP (Zn-TCP) scaffolds through the incorporation of 0.5 wt.% SiO2 and 0.25 wt.% ZnO, respectively, to the β-TCP scaffold. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is utilized to analyze the mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear kappa beta ligand (RANKL), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) at the later stage of osteoblast differentiation, day 21 and day 28. Results show that the addition of Si and Zn to the β-TCP structure inhibited the β to α-TCP phase transformation and enhance the density without affecting the dissolution properties. Normal BMP-2 and Runx2 transcriptions are observed in both Si-TCP and Zn-TCP scaffolds at the initial time point, as demonstrated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, the addition of both Si and Zn positively regulate the osteoprotegerin: receptor activator of nuclear factor k-β ligand (OPG:RANKL) ratio at 21-days for Si-TCP and Zn-TCP scaffolds. These results demonstrate the effects of Si and Zn doped porous β-TCP scaffolds on the upregulation of osteoblast marker gene expression including OPG, RANKL, BMP-2, and Runx2, indicating the role of trace elements on the effective regulation of late-stage osteoblast cell differentiation markers.

Preparation and In-Vitro Evaluation as an Oral Microsponge Tablet of Baclofen

The aim of the present study is to formulate floating effervescent microsponge tablet of the narrow absorption window drug, Baclofen (BFN) for controlling drug release and thereby decrease the side effect of the drug. The microsponges of BFN were prepared by non-aqueous emulsion solvent diffusion method (oil in oil emulsion method). The effects of drug: polymer ratio, stirring time and type of Eudragit polymer on the physical characteristics of microsponges were investigated and characterized for production yield, loading efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, and in vitro drug release from microsponges. The selected microsponge formula was incorporated into the floating effervescent gastro-retentive tablet. The prepared floating microsponge tablet was evaluated for tablet hardness, friability, swelling in addition to in vitro drug release. The results showed that the microsponge formula with Eudragit RS100 had optimum physical properties and controlled drug release (75% of drug release in 8 hr.) when compared with other formulas and pure baclofen. The oil in oil emulsion method is a promising method to produce baclofen microsponge.

Fabrication and characterization of alginate microspheres

Abstract Sodium alginate is a natural hydrophilic polysaccharide and has been widely studied as drug delivery system because of its biocompatible properties. There are various methods for alginate microspheres preparation such as extrusion methods, spray-drying methods, etc. Among these techniques, the particle sizes of bead are in the millimeter range. The particle size is crucial for the drug delivery application, as particle size gets smaller, the drug is closer to the surface of the particle, which fastens the drug release. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to fabricate alginate microspheres (AMs) via the emulsification/gelation method and to tailor its particle size and size distribution. Moreover, it is simple in experimental setup. The AMs were synthesized by water in oil (w/o) emulsion method using sodium alginate, liquid paraffin, and calcium chloride as a cross-linking agent. The morphology and particle size of AMs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The AMs were spherical in shape and the average particle sizes were less than 65.88 µm. The results showed that particle size of the microspheres increased with increased alginate concentration. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis shows that there was no additional peak in the transmittance spectrum of AMs. In conclusion, AMs were successfully prepared by an emulsification/gelation method by controlling the alginate concentration. The synthesized AMs showed a remarkable ability to be used for drug delivery system.

Aurora kinase B siRNA-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles potentiate the efficacy of temozolomide in treating glioblastoma.

To investigate the efficacy of lactoferrin nanoparticles (LfNPs)in delivering siRNA across the blood-brain barrier to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and with an additional objective of potentiation of conventional temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Aurora kinase B (AKB) siRNA-loaded nanoparticles (AKB-LfNPs) were prepared with milk protein, lactoferrin, by water in oil emulsion method. AKB-LfNPs were tested in cell lines and in GBM orthotopic mouse model with and without TMZ treatment. AKB silencing, cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest by these LfNPs were shown to be effective on GL261 cells. Tumor growth was significantly lower in AKB-LfNPs alone and in combination with TMZ treated mice and increased the survival by 2.5-times. Treatment of AKB-LfNPs to GBM mice improves life expectancy and has potential to combine with conventional chemotherapy.

Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate Micro Particles using Emulsion Membrane Process Applied for Drug Release Studies

The aim of this work is the synthesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nano and microparticles and their application as biomaterials (vehicles) for the sustained release of doxycycline. CaCO3 micro particles were synthesized by water-in oil (W/O) emulsion method using emulsion liquid membranes with bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) as carrier, Span 80 as surfactant, and toluene and kerosene as organic solvents. The aqueous phases contained 1 M CaCl2, and 1 M Na2CO3, respectively. The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) data showed CaCO3 particles with sizes ranging from around 100 nm to 3500 nm. The CaCO3 particles with the average diameters around 600 nm attained an adsorbtion of doxycycline of maximum 97.9%, and a slow and steady release with a cumulative value of approximative 50% after ten days.

Molecular recognition of glyconanoparticles by RCA and E. coli K88 - designing transports for targeted therapy.

The targeted drug delivery has been studied as one of the main methods in medicine to ensure successful treatments of diseases. Pharmaceutical sciences are using micro or nano carriers to obtain a controlled delivery of drugs, able to selectively interact with pathogens, cells or tissues. In this work, we modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) with lactose, obtaining a neoglycan (BSA-Lac). Subsequently, we synthesized glyconanoparticles (NPBSA-Lac) with the premise that it would be recognized by microbial galactose specific lectins. NPBSA-Lac were tested for bio-recognition with adhesins of E. coli K88 and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA). Glycation of BSA with lactose was analyzed by electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence. Approximately 41 lactoses per BSA molecule were estimated. Nanoparticles were obtained using water in oil emulsion method and spheroid morphology with a range size of 300-500 nm was observed. Specific recognition of NPBSA-Lac by RCA and E. coli K88 was displayed by aggregation of nanoparticles analyzed by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that the lactosylated nanovectors could be targeted at the E. coli K88 adhesin and potentially could be used as a transporter for an antibacterial drug.

Robust Silica Aerogel Microspheres from Rice Husk Ash to Enhance the Dissolution Rate of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs

The present paper demonstrates the capability of specially prepared robust silica aerogel microspheres (RSAMs) to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs. A sol-gel/mineral oil emulsion method has been developed for RSAMs from rice husk ash (RHA), a biogenic source. The particles were characterized for their Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BJH) pore volume and pore diameter, and morphology by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dissolution rate of ibuprofen, a poorly water-soluble drug, was investigated by adsorbing it onto RSAMs upon dissolving it in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at 150 bar and 40°C. This resulted in a loading of ∼0.13 g ibuprofen/g loaded RSAMs in 24 h. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to characterize the nature of the adsorbed ibuprofen onto RSAMs. It was observed that the loaded drug on the aerogels is in amorphous form. An in vitro drug-release kinetic studies confirmed a significant enhancement in the dissolution rate, namely ∼100% of the loaded ibuprofen released as compared to that of ∼11% of crystalline ibuprofen in 15 min.

Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4-MPTMS-PLGA nanocomposites for anticancer drug loading and release studies

Magnetic nanocomposites (Fe3O4-MPTMS-PLGA) were synthesized by single oil emulsion method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Particle size of nanocomposites was between 117 nm and 246 nm. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to investigate drug loading (paclitaxel, PTX) and release from Fe3O4-MPTMS-PLGA-PTX nanocomposites. The percentages of drug loading and encapsulation efficiency onto nanocomposites were found as 7.35 and 68.58, respectively. Cytotoxities of free anticancer drug and anticancer drug-loaded nanocomposites were determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. In vitro cell culture studies indicated that Fe3O4-MPTMS-PLGA-PTX had significant toxicity on MG-63 cancer cells.

(Ethyl lactate)-gel high pressure CO2 extraction for the processing of mesoporous gelatine particles

(Ethyl lactate)-gel high pressure CO2 extraction was successfully used as final step for mesoporous gelatine particles preparation. Gelatine spherical microparticles were produced by the water in oil (W/O) emulsion method and further cross-linked with vanillin, to increase its biodegradation resistance. A multi-step solvent exchange of water by ethyl lactate was performed and the gel particles were dried using a semi-continuous high pressure CO2 extraction process. Ethyl lactate was used in this work as an alternative solvent due to high affinity to CO2 and its benign and green nature.The effect of different parameters, such as solvent exchange temperature and the CO2 extraction operating conditions were investigated. The (CO2+ethyl lactate) binary mixture composition at the beginning of supercritical extraction process has proven to be an important parameter, considerably influencing textural properties of final dried microspheres. Surface areas of 10 to 300cm2g−1 and pore diameters from 10 to 17nm were obtained as the quantity of CO2 in the mixture decreased.(Ethyl lactate)-gel high pressure CO2 drying revealed to be a feasible alternative, enabling a “supercritical-control” approach of gelatine microspheres textural properties.

Bactericidal activity of various antibiotics versus tetracycline-loaded chitosan microspheres against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms

The discovery of biofilms in 1980’s has brought much interest to the study of the contribution of bacterial biofilms with many recurrent and chronic infectious diseases. In this study, we evaluated the utility of chitosan microspheres in delivering antibiotic in dosage form that could be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilms. P. aeruginosa isolates were collected and identii¬ed using standard methods. A modii¬ed microtitre plate test was used to determine the bioi¬lm-forming capacity of the isolates. Moreover, bactericidal activity of various antibiotics vs. tetracycline-loaded chitosan microspheres against P. aeruginosa sessile and planktonic cells was tested. Results showed that, most P. aeruginosa strains (92.9%) were efficient biofilm producer-strains. There were differences in the antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and sessile cell populations. Fluoroquinolones, aminoglycoside and tetracycline showed more potent activity (MIC50 was 0.8, 4.88 and 34.19 μg/ml, respectively) than penicillin, cephalosporin, clarithromycin and macrolides. Bioi¬lm growth was inhibited after 3 h treatment with 2x and 4x MICs and after 24 h treatment with MIC of tetracycline-loaded chitosan microspheres prepared by coacervation method than that prepared by water in oil emulsion method. This was correlated to the cumulative amount of tetracycline that was released from tetracycline-loaded chitosan microspheres prepared by coacervation method which released about 60% of tetracycline in the first 6 h and continued for 24 h. This in the clinical field may be translated into maintaining constant drug concentration for a prolonged period and maximize the therapeutic effect of antibiotics while minimizing antibiotic resistance and improved patient compliance. So, the use of tetracycline-chitosan microspheres may be a new strategy for the development of a specific drug delivery system to increase the efficacy of tetracycline against biofilm-associated P. aeruginosa infections. However, it would be appropriate to conduct clinical studies to confirm this. Key words: Bioi¬lm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tetracycline, antimicrobial susceptibility, microtiter plate method, drug-loaded chitosan microsphere.

Bactericidal Activity of Various Antibiotics versus Tetracycline-loaded Chitosan Microspheres against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

The discovery of biofilms in 1980’s has brought much interest to the study of the contribution of bacterial biofilms with many recurrent and chronic infectious diseases. In this study, we evaluated the utility of chitosan microspheres in delivering antibiotic in dosage form that could be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilms. P. aeruginosa isolates were collected and identified using standard methods. A modified microtiter plate test was used to determine the biofilm-forming capacity of the isolates. Moreover, bactericidal activity of various antibiotics vs. tetracycline-loaded chitosan microspheres against P. aeruginosa sessile and planktonic cells was tested. Results showed that, most P. aeruginosa strains (92.9%) were efficient biofilm producer-strains. There were differences in the antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic and sessile cell populations. Fluoroquinolones, aminoglycoside and tetracycline showed more potent activity (MIC50 was 0.8, 4.88 and 34.19 μg/ml, respectively) than penicillin, cephalosporin, clarithromycin and macrolides. Biofilm growth was inhibited after 3 h treatment with 2x and 4x MICs and after 24 h treatment with MIC of tetracycline-loaded chitosan microspheres prepared by coacervation method than that prepared by water in oil emulsion method. This was correlated to the cumulative amount of tetracycline that was released from tetracycline-loaded chitosan microspheres prepared by coacervation method which released about 60% of tetracycline in the first 6 h and continued for 24 h. This in the clinical field may be translated into maintaining constant drug concentration for a prolonged period and maximize the therapeutic effect of antibiotics while minimizing antibiotic resistance and improved patient compliance. So, the use of tetracycline-chitosan microspheres may be a new strategy for the development of a specific drug delivery system to increase the efficacy of tetracycline against biofilm-associated P. aeruginosa infections. However, it would be appropriate to conduct clinical studies to confirm this.

Sol–gel emulsion synthesis of biphotonic core–shell nanoparticles based on lanthanide doped organic–inorganic hybrid materials

Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes based on an organo-alkoxysilane derived from 4-azido dipicolinic acid by “click chemistry” were coated onto silica nanoparticles previously prepared by the water in oil emulsion method. Structural and optical properties of the resulting luminescent core–shell monodisperse (30 nm) nanohybrids were fully characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopies as well as by electron microscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopy evidenced that an efficient ligand-to-Ln3+ energy transfer—both in the mono- and biphotonic modes—occurs. Furthermore, surface modification by amino groups was realized, paving the way for nanotags of biological interest.

Influence of glyceryl palmitostearate on release behaviors of hydroxypropyl cellulose microcapsules containing indomethacin by W/O emulsion

Hydrophilic hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) microcapsules containing the indomethacin model drug were prepared using the water in oil (W/O) emulsion method. The effect of hydrophobic glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol ATO 5) on the release behavior as well as the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the indomethacin-loaded microcapsules was investigated as a function of the Precirol ATO 5 content. The microcapsules formed showed stable and spherical forms, whose particle sizes ranged from about 20 to 152 μm. X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that the indomethacin in the microcapsules was distributed in the form of molecular or very small crystals. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the microcapsules slightly increased with increasing surfactant and Precirol ATO 5 content. In the dissolution test, pure HPC microcapsules showed rapid drug release, whereas HPC microcapsules containing Precirol ATO 5 showed a slower release rate. This behavior might be attributable to the hydrophobic Precirol ATO 5 coating on indomethacin, leading to the delayed effect on drug release in the medium.

Interpenetrating polymer network microspheres of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose/poly (vinyl alcohol) for control release of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Poly (vinyl alcohol) blend microspheres were prepared by water in oil emulsion method and Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride (CFHcl) was loaded into the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) microspheres that are crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA). Blend microspheres were characterized using Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Differential scanning Calorimetry. FTIR spectra results confirmed crosslinking reaction between –OH groups of Poly (vinyl alcohol) and –CHO groups of glutaraldehyde. Scanning electron micrograph showed the formation of plain, uniform and smooth microspheres. X-ray diffraction and thermal studies of plain and drug loaded microspheres indicates that the drug is dispersed at the molecular level in the IPN matrix. In vitro dissolution experiments were performed in pH 7.4 buffer medium at 35 °C which indicates a sustained and controlled release of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFHcl) from the IPN microspheres up to 10 h.