Ohm Microstrip Line Research Articles

Compact transversal signal-interaction wideband bandpass filter with multiple transmission zeros and wide stopband

In this paper, a compact wideband bandpass filter with multiple transmission zeros and a wide upper stopband is proposed based on the transversal signal-interaction concept. The filter has two transmission paths for signals to travel from the input port to the output port. The wideband bandpass filter is designed with a center frequency of 4.29 GHz (f0) and a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 71.3 %. Six transmission zeros from 0 GHz to 4.2 f0 can be achieved due to the superposition of signals of the two transmission paths and the virtual short effect of open stub. The designed and fabricated wideband bandpass filter is of minimum insertion loss of 0.3 dB, group delay in the passband below 1.1 ns, and upper-sideband rejection up to 18 GHz (4.2 f0). Additionally, the proposed filter possesses compact size, and the overall circuit only occupies 0.23 λg × 0.15 λg (λg is the guide wave length of 50 Ohm microstrip line at 4.29 GHz). Measurement and simulation results are in good agreement.

Application of Compact Folded-Arms Square Open-Loop Resonator to Bandpass Filter Design

Folded-arms square open-loop resonator (FASOLR) is a variant of the conventional microstrip square open-loop resonator (SOLR) that facilitates further device size miniaturization by having the two arms of the conventional SOLR folded inwards. This paper highlights the benefits of this brand of compact SOLR by implementing a five-pole Chebyshev bandpass filter (BPF) using compact FASOLR. The test BPF is presented, with centre frequency of 2.2 GHz, fractional bandwidth of 10%, passband ripple of 0.04321 dB, and return loss of 20 dB. The design is implemented on a Rogers RT/Duroid 6010LM substrate with a dielectric constant of 10.7 and thickness of 1.27 mm. The filter device is manufactured and characterised, with the experimentation results being used to justify the simulation results. The presented measurement and electromagnetic (EM) simulation results demonstrate a good match. The EM simulation responses achieve a minimum insertion loss of 0.8 dB and a very good channel return loss of 22.6 dB. The measurement results, on the other hand, show a minimum insertion loss of 0.9 dB and a return loss of better than 19.2 dB. The filter component has a footprint of 36.08 mm by 6.74 mm (that is, 0.26 λg × 0.05 λg), with λg indicating the guided wavelength for the 50 Ohm microstrip line impedance at the centre frequency of the proposed fifth-order bandpass filter.

Corner Defected Multi-Resonance Ultra-Wideband Rectangular Patch Antenna

Objectives: The main objective of this article is to present a novel corner defected ultra wideband (UWB-3.1 to 10.6 GHz) rectangular patch with a partial ground plane to enhance the bandwidth with multi-resonance characteristics. By defecting the corners, the original rectangle patch will be converted into defected shape of proposed one to satisfy the objective. Methods: A FR-4 substrate with height (h) of 1.6 mm, dielectric constant (e r) of 4.3 and the loss tangent of 0.025 was used to develop the required antenna. The antenna was excited by a 50 Ohm microstrip line. This antenna was designed, simulated and analyzed by using MS–CST (Microwave Studio – Computer Simulation Technology) to attain the outcomes such as return loss (S11< -10 dB), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR < 2), improved gain, Omni-directional radiation patterns, and enhanced bandwidth. Findings: It exhibits a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 152.9 % between 2 GHz and 15 GHz. The antenna resonates at multiple frequencies owing to truncation of corners and produces resonant frequencies of 3.87 GHz and 11.36 GHz with the corresponding return losses of -26.03 dB and -34.87 dB respectively in the simulation point of view. The antenna was fabricated and tested. The measured and simulated results of the desired antenna were compared, and they show good agreement. Applications: The proposed antenna is suitable for UWB, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), C and X – band communications. Keywords: Ultrawideband; Rectangular patch; Bandwidth; Return loss; VSWR; Gain

Slot incorporated high gain Printed RFID Reader Array antenna for 2.4 GHz ISM band applications

In this paper, a printed 1×8 array antenna operating at 2.4 GHz is proposed for radio frequency identification (RFID) Reader. The proposed array antenna is composed of eight identical modified patch elements. The radiating elements are fed in parallel via a simple 50 Ohm microstrip line matched with a quarter-wave impedance transformer using a T magic power divider to divide the input power into two equal quantities with the same phase. The suggested array configuration is designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate having dielectric constant εr= 2.2, dielectric loss tangent = 0.0009, and substrate’s height of 1.56mm. The overall dimension of the 1×8 array antenna is 117×475mm2. The proposed array antenna shows good impedance matching, high gain and directional radiation patterns. The proposed array antenna has a high gain about of 14.61dBi, high radiation efficiency of 98.3%, and a good reflection coefficient S11 of -13.14dB and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.56 at 2.4 GHz.

A Step-by-Step Approach to Bandpass/Channel Filter Design

This paper presents a step-by-step approach to the design of bandpass/channel filters. The chapter serves as a reference source to microwave stakeholders with little or no filter design experience. It should help them design and implement their first filter device using the microstrip technology. A 3-pole Chebyshev bandpass filter (BPF) with centre frequency of 2.6 GHz, fractional bandwidth of 3%, passband ripple of 0.04321 dB, and return loss of 20 dB has been designed, implemented, and simulated. The designed filter implementation is based on the Rogers RT/Duroid 6010LM substrate with a 10.7 dielectric constant and 1.27 mm thickness. The circuit model and microstrip layout results of the BPF are presented and show good agreement. The microstrip layout simulation results show that a less than 1.8 dB minimum insertion loss and a greater than 25 dB in-band return loss were achieved. The overall device size of the BPF is 18.0 mm by 10.7 mm, which is equivalent to 0.16λg x 0.09λg, where λg is the guided wavelength of the 50 Ohm microstrip line at the filter centre frequency.

Circuit Modelling of Bandpass/Channel Filter with Microstrip Implementation

This paper presents a step-by-step approach to the design of bandpass/channel filters. A 3-pole Chebyshev bandpass filter (BPF) with centre frequency of 2.6 GHz, fractional bandwidth of 3%, passband ripple of 0.04321 dB and return loss of 20 dB has been designed, implemented, and simulated. The designed filter implementation is based on the Rogers RT/Duroid 6010LM substrate with a 10.7 dielectric constant and 1.27 mm thickness. The BPF was also fabricated using the same substrate material used for the design simulation. The circuit model and microstrip layout results of the BPF are presented and show good agreement. The microstrip layout simulation results show that a less than 1.8 dB minimum insertion loss and a greater than 25 dB in-band return loss were achieved. The overall device size of the BPF is 18.0 mm by 10.7 mm, which is equivalent to 0.16λg x 0.09λg, where λg is the guided wavelength of the 50 Ohm microstrip line at the filter centre frequency .

Circuit Modelling of Bandpass/Channel Filter with Microstrip Implementation

This paper presents a step-by-step approach to the design of bandpass/channel filters. A 3-pole Chebyshev bandpass filter (BPF) with centre frequency of 2.6 GHz, fractional bandwidth of 3%, passband ripple of 0.04321 dB and return loss of 20 dB has been designed, implemented, and simulated. The designed filter implementation is based on the Rogers RT/Duroid 6010LM substrate with a 10.7 dielectric constant and 1.27 mm thickness. The BPF was also fabricated using the same substrate material used for the design simulation. The circuit model and microstrip layout results of the BPF are presented and show good agreement. The microstrip layout simulation results show that a less than 1.8 dB minimum insertion loss and a greater than 25 dB in-band return loss were achieved. The overall device size of the BPF is 18.0 mm by 10.7 mm, which is equivalent to 0.16λg x 0.09λg, where λg is the guided wavelength of the 50 Ohm microstrip line at the filter centre frequency .

Design, fabrication, and performance analysis of corporate feed filtenna array using complementary split ring resonators

AbstractThis paper presents the design of a unique “corporate feed‐microstrip filtenna array” to be used as “radiating antenna” of a wireless system. The filtenna is a basic patch antenna fed by 50 Ohms microstrip line, loaded with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). When the basic patch antenna is made to resonate at 1.8 GHz, it also introduces unwanted spurious radiations appear at 2.82 and 3.46 GHz. Hence, the array of CSRR consisting of five non‐identical CSRRs are loaded, offers the required wideband rejection characteristic, solving the problem of the basic patch antenna. The five CSRRs resonate at 1.97, 2.43, 2.9, 3.28, and 3.72 GHz, offering an overall rejection band from 2 to 4 GHz is obtained. Incidentally there is a signal attenuation introduced by the passive CSRR filter. To compensate the attenuation, an array of filtenna is designed, using corporate feed configuration. The patch antenna, CSRR filter and filtenna are designed and fabricated on an epoxy flame retardant glass substrate (FR4) having a thickness 'h' of 1.6 mm, dielectric constant 'εr' of 4.4 and loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.02. The simulations are carried out using the HFSS software. The performance of the overall receiving filtenna system, having the size of 13.37 cm × 11.94 cm, is satisfactory. Experiments are carried out using vector network analyzer, verifying the software results. This unique radiating antenna exhibits acceptable gain and noise free reception, much required by upcoming 4G/5G wireless applications, rectenna and medical sensor applications.

Design and Analysis of Triple-Band Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Loaded with Notches and Slots for Wireless Applications

In this paper, a rectangular triple-band microstrip antenna has been designed for Bluetooth application by successively loading notches and slots of different dimension in radiating patch. The conventional microstrip antenna suffers with narrow impedance bandwidth. The current work affords an alternate option to enhance the bandwidth of antenna that resonates in triple-band operation. Initially, the antenna is resonating in single-band but after loading slots, the bandwidth of microstrip antenna has been obtained 1.97% (lower band), 10.35% (middle band) and 33.16% (upper band) resonating in triple-band with three resonant frequency at 1.422 GHz (lower resonant frequency), 1.791 GHz (middle resonant frequency) and 2.467 GHz (higher resonant frequency). The suggested antenna has upper frequency band in the range of 2.045–2.858 GHz resonating at 2.467 GHz frequency and it is appropriate for Bluetooth applications (2.40–2.48 GHz) and both lower band useful for other wireless (L-band) applications. The return loss of upper band is − 34.52 dB at 2.467 GHz. The suggested microstrip antenna is directly fed by 50 ohm microstrip line feed. The suggested antenna has been designed, simulated and analyzed by IE3D simulation software.

Antennas for Ultra-Wideband Applications: Design and Performance Study Using Printed and Dielectric Resonators

Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems may make use of a miniature dielectric resonator antenna. A 50 ohm microstrip line is included into the modified T-shaped feed network to produce strong coupling and some bandwidth augmentation; the antenna element itself is a rectangular low permittivity ceramic block with a dielectric constant of 9.4. Simulations and measurements of the antenna's performance in a range of 3100–5500 MHz reveal an impedance bandwidth of 55.8% and a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of 2, making it well-suited for ultra-wideband (UWB) uses.

A Single Band Antenna Design for Future Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication at 38 GHz

Abstract In this proposed paper, a single band microstrip patch antenna for fifth generation (5G) wireless application was presented. 28, 38, 60 and 73 GHz frequency bands have been allocated for 5G mobile communications by International Telecommunications Union (ITU). In this paper, we proposed an antenna, which is suitable for the millimeter wave frequency. The single band antenna consists of new slot loaded on the radiating patch with the 50 ohms microstrip line feeding used. This single band antenna was simulated on a FR4 dielectric substrate have relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and height 1.6 mm. The antenna was simulated by Electromagnetic simulation, computer software technology High Frequency Structural Simulator. And simulated result on return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and 3D gain was presented. The parameters of the results well coherent and proved the literature for millimeter wave 5G wireless application at 38 GHz.

A Single Band Antenna Design for Future Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication at 38 GHz

In this proposed paper, a single band microstrip patch antenna for fifth generation (5G) wireless application was presented. 28, 38, 60 and 73 GHz frequency bands have been allocated for 5G mobile communications by International Telecommunications Union (ITU). In this paper, we proposed an antenna, which is suitable for the millimeter wave frequency. The single band antenna consists of new slot loaded on the radiating patch with the 50 ohms microstrip line feeding used. This single band antenna was simulated on a FR4 dielectric substrate have relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and height 1.6 mm. The antenna was simulated by Electromagnetic simulation, computer software technology High Frequency Structural Simulator. And simulated result on return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and 3D gain was presented. The parameters of the results well coherent and proved the literature for millimeter wave 5G wireless application at 38 GHz.

A Single Band Antenna Design for Future Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication at 38 GHz

In this proposed paper, a single band microstrip patch antenna for fifth generation (5G) wireless application was presented. 28, 38, 60 and 73 GHz frequency bands have been allocated for 5G mobile communications by International Telecommunications Union (ITU). In this paper, we proposed an antenna, which is suitable for the millimeter wave frequency. The single band antenna consists of new slot loaded on the radiating patch with the 50 ohms microstrip line feeding used. This single band antenna was simulated on a FR4 dielectric substrate have relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent 0.02, and height 1.6 mm. The antenna was simulated by Electromagnetic simulation, computer software technology High Frequency Structural Simulator. And simulated result on return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and 3D gain was presented. The parameters of the results well coherent and proved the literature for millimeter wave 5G wireless application at 38 GHz.

A Cantor Fractal Based Printed Monopole Antenna for Dual-band Wireless Applications

Cantor fractal geometry and its variants are found attractive for microwave antenna designers seeking for compact size multiband antennas. This paper presents the design of a new microstrip fed printed monopole antenna for use in dual-band wireless applications. The radiatingelement of the monopole antenna is in the form of Cantor fractal geometry of the second iteration as applied on rectangular patch. The monopole radiating element has been etched on a substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4 and 1.6 mm thickness and is fed with a 50 ohm microstrip line. A reduced ground plane has been etched on the reverse side of the substrate. Modeling and performance evaluation of the proposed antenna have been carried out using the commercially available EM simulator, IE3D. Simulation results reveal that the proposed antenna offers dual-band resonant behavior with –10 dB impedance bandwidths and radiation characteristics suitable for almost most of the recently available services in the 1-6 GHz range. A parametric study has been carried out to explore the effect the aspect ratio of the proposed antenna radiating element on its performance. The study reveals that the radiating element aspect ratio has a considerable effect on the coupling of the two resonant bands. Besides the simple design, the antenna offers reasonable radiation characteristics. Simulated–10 dB impedance bandwidths for the lower and the upper resonant bands are (2.30–2.84 GHz) and (5.56–6.01 GHz) respectively. This makes the proposed antenna suitable to cover numbers of operating bands of the wireless communication systems (2.4 GHz-Bluetooth, 2.4 GHz ISM, 2.5/5.8 GHz-WLAN, 5.8 GHz-ITS).

A new approach to design compact tunable BPF starting from simple LPF topology using a single T‐DGS‐resonator and ceramic capacitors

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel very compact DGS lowpass filter (LPF) and reconfigurable bandpass filter are proposed. The designed filter consists of one T‐DGS resonator, which is excited by 50 ohm microstrip line, placed on top layer between the input and output of the proposed structure. The selected filter topology has several advantageous compared with the other previous works such as the compactness and its simple design. The addition of compensated patch capacitor improves the low insertion loss and ultra‐wide stopband with 15 dB attenuation from 2.2 to 3.6 GHz. The size of the proposed single T‐DGS LPF‐BPF is less as (0.023 λg × 0.044 λg) with λg = 0.263 m. The tunable bandpass filter (BPF) is extracted from LPF topology using variable Chip Monolithic Ceramic Capacitors and J‐inverter technique. Finally, the measured, EM‐ and field simulation results are presented and discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1142–1148, 2016

High/Low Gain Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for WLAN Applications

In this paper, a novel integrated dual-port rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented for 802.11a WLAN system applications. The antenna structure is formed by integrating the concept of antenna array with a single DRA element to produce a radiation characteristic necessity. The array is composed of four identical rectangular DRA elements placed on a horizontal ground plane and separated by a distance of 0.54λ at design frequency of 5.97 GHz, excited through rectangular shaped aperture slots by a microstrip transmission line from port 1. The central element fed from port 2 by 50 Ohm microstrip line via a slot etched on the ground plane. The designed proposed antenna sized of 60×80×0.672 mm3 operates over the frequency band between 5 and 6 GHz for VSWR < 2. The simulated average gain is 10.55 dB for port 1, and 5.92 dB for port 2. Simulations are performed using both CST Microwave studio employing the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) and Ansoft HFSS employing the Finite Element Method (FEM). Good agreement is obtained for main antenna characteristics such as the reflections coefficient and transmission coefficient. The results confirm that the proposed structure suitable for reconfigurable gain applications with good isolation between the two structure ports.

EFFECT OF DGS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

Abstract The need of multiband, larger gain and low profile antennas to support multiple wireless applications led to the design of Microstrip antennas. Microstrip antennas due to their small profile design take less area. Further they can be modified by two techniques that are introducing defect in ground plane and adding layers to the conducting surface in order to improve its gain, VSWR, bandwidth, return loss and directivity. This paper presents the changes in the above characteristics of micostrip patch antenna with addition of defect and different shape of defects. The proposed antenna is simulated on Duroid substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and fed with 50 ohms microstrip line using HFSS software. By introducing the defect in the ground plane and changing its shape the corresponding changes in the characteristics have been noted for 2.4GHz of resonant frequency.

A simple design of planar microstrip antenna on composite material substrate for Ku/K band satellite applications

SummaryA straight forward design of rectangular slotted microstrip planar antenna fed by 50 ohm microstrip line is proposed for Ku/K band satellite applications. The radiating patch of the antenna occupies an area of 17 × 17 mm2 and fabricated on 1.0 mm‐thick ceramic filled bioplastic composite material substrate whose dielectric constant (εr) is 10.0. The dual resonant square‐shaped antenna has been formed by inserting four arc shape slots at the corners with the combination of circle and square and wide square shape slot at the center. The results from the measured data show that the antenna has a lower resonant mode impedance bandwidth for S11 &lt; −10 dB is of 18.4% (11.67–14.05 GHz) and upper resonant mode bandwidth is of 8.2% (18.19–19.75 GHz) centered at 12.94 GHz and 19.04 GHz, respectively. The antenna prototype has achieved maximum gains of 3.1 dBi and 4.13 dBi with average radiation efficiencies of 75.3% and 86.4% for the lower band and the upper band, respectively. The numerical data analyses of both the measured and simulated results show relatively good agreement. Moreover, the consistent and symmetrical radiation patters of the proposed antenna make it suitable candidate for the Ku/K band satellite applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Design and Simulation of Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

This paper presents the design of compact slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna for operates 5 GHz. The proposed antenna is designed on RT duroid substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and fed with 50 ohms microstrip line. Further DGS (Defected Ground Structure) technique is used to increase the gain of the antenna. Bandwidth is enhancing by introducing the slot in the rectangular patch antenna. The characteristics of the proposed antenna have been studied with the help of HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software. HFSS is a high performance full wave electromagnetic (EM) field simulator. Ansoft HFSS employs the Finite Element Method (FEM). The design targets the frequency band (5.180 – 5.825 GHz) being used in various wireless communication systems, such as satellite communication, radio altimeters etc. The final antenna produced 720MHz bandwidth,1.11 VSWR and 7.27dB gain at frequency 5.39 GHz. General Terms In this paper slotting has to be done to enhance the bandwidth.

Analysis and Simulation of Fractal Antenna for Mobile Wimax

The growing demand of wireless services requires the definition of new standards able to provide an increased degree of mobility for the end user and a higher speed of data transmission. Among emerging standards, one of the most promising is the IEEE 802.16 Wireless Metropolitan Area network Air Interface (generally called Wimax).In last few decade the miniaturization led antenna to be conformal, low profile, multi –band, hence Fractal antennas came into existence which due to its self-similar geometry takes less area and thus its low profile. This paper presents the design of Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna for three iterations. This antenna is designed using HFSS software on FR4 substrate having dielectric constant 4.4 and having fed 50 ohms micro-strip line and optimized to operate in multiple bands between 2 – 6 GHz.