Ohlin Theory Research Articles

Testing Hecksher Ohlin Theory : Evidence From Singapore In 1991-2016

This research aims to test Hecksher Ohlin's theory with a capital-intensive country in Asia, namely Singapore with the research period 1991-2016. The time period was chosen to avoid a significant shock, namely the covid 19 that occurred in 2020. However, taking into account the effect of the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the 1991 - 2016 time period was chosen. The data used and obtained are from the World Bank. We examine the variables of labor, investment, consumer price index and export. This study uses VECM Modelling. According to Hecksher Ohlin's theory, a capital-intensive country like Singapore will export its goods and services which has a positive and significant relation with investment. The research's findings support the Hecksher-Ohlin Theory. However, employment is also positively related to investment in Singapore. This is very rational even though Singapore uses a capital-intensive system but still requires manpower. Likewise, the CPI is also significantly positive regarding investment in Singapore, proving that Singapore's production is not only for export orientation but also to meet domestic consumption.

Virtual water and input–output framework: an alternative method for assessing trade and water consumption in FYR Macedonia

This study analyzed direct and indirect relationships in water consumption by Macedonian economic sectors using virtual water in an input–output framework. Macedonia was found to be characterized by intensive water consumption, with some sectors having a significant virtual water content in their products. Virtual water multipliers were used to analyze the trade balance and determine whether national commercial trade strategies are in line with Heckscher–Ohlin (HO) theory. It was found that Macedonia trade strategies in terms of virtual water were generally in line with HO theory. However, as a consequence of significant exports and high virtual water content in vegetables, fruit, grapes and sheep and goat products within the agriculture sector and in food and basic metal products in the manufacturing sector, the region was a net exporter of virtual water, losing about 124 million m3 of water at 2005 level or 18% of total water consumption. Reducing exports of the most water-intensive products with significant net positive exports would result in substantial water savings of 42% of total water consumption. The results presented here can help policy makers in promoting production specializations that are more environmentally sustainable or in redesigning existing water pricing policies at national level to encourage rational use of water.

Skill and support to globalization in the EU

Are individuals’ attitudes towards globalization consistent with the predictions of the Heckscher–Ohlin (HO) theory? Using newly available data from the Flash Eurobarometer 151b of the European Commission, we find that globalization preferences are significantly and robustly correlated with an individual's relative level of human capital, consistent with the HO theory. The impact of skill on globalization preferences is positive in skill-abundant EU countries and strongly negative in EU countries that are well-endowed with low-skill labour. This study is the first to find a robust and significant negative association between skill and support to globalization in low-skill-abundant countries.

Interacting Factors in Juvenile Delinquency

Cloward and Ohlin's theory of delinquent gangs implies that delinquency rates are proportional to the product, not the sum, of positions in legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structures. This implication is illustrated with data on 319 youths from Aid to Dependent Children welfare rolls. (Abstract Adapted from Source: American Sociological Review, 1964. Copyright © 1964 by the American Sociological Association) Juvenile Gang Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Offender Delinquency Rates Delinquency Causes Perceived Opportunities Gang Membership Causes 07-02