Officinalis Leaf Extract Research Articles

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity

Due to the development of green technology, researchers are becoming more interested in low-cost, environmental eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles (Nps). In this work, Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO Nps) were synthesized using a green synthesis technique, with Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract acting as a capping and reducing agent. The as prepared the samples was characterized using UV-Visible Spectra (UV–VIS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The UV-Visible spectra result showed that strong absorption was observed for characteristic band of green synthesized CuO Nps and exhibit red shift as the weight fraction of CuO Nps increases. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of CuO Nps, having a typical monoclinic structure with crystalline size ranging from 18 to 26 nm. From FTIR spectral analysis strong and broad peak observed at 3384 cm−1 can be attributed to (O-H) functional groups of the bioactive compounds which act as reducing and capping agents for the synthesis of CuO Nps in the plant extract. The SEM images of green synthesized CuO NPs was appeared to be aggregated form and almost spherical in shape. The antimicrobial activity of CuO Nps was evaluated against S.aureus and B.cereus (gram-positive), E. coli (gram-negative) bacteria strains and C.albicans fungal Pathogen. The result indicated that at weight fraction of 50 %, CuO Nps exhibit highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, C.albicans and B.cereus with zone of inhibition of 26.0 ± 0.10, 25.0 ± 0.15, 18.1 ± 0.32 and 17.0 ± 0.0 mm respectively. Furthermore, for the E. coli bacterial strain, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CuO Nps was found to be 1.56 mg/mL; whereas, for S. aureus and C. albicans was found to be 3.12 mg/mL. Therefore, the present study shows that Rosmarinus officinalis extract can be easily used as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent for the effective green synthesis of CuO Nps for antimicrobial agents. Thus, it is believed that synthesis of nanoparticles using low cost and eco-friendly green approach enhanced the antimicrobial activity and other a potentially applications in fields of biomedical.

Spectroscopic investigations of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs): antioxidant and antibacterial activity

In the recent decade, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been widely explored owing to their versatile properties and prodigious demands in the drug delivery, medical, energy storage, cosmetics, and the healthcare sectors. Therefore, the current work opts for an environmentally benign method to prepare ZnO NPs. The leaf extract of Calendula officinalis L. acts as a reducing agent for the metal ions; therefore, in the current research, ZnO NPs were prepared via green route by using Calendula officinalis leaf extract. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs were analysed with different spectroscopic techniques to confirm the structure and stability of nanomaterials. The prepared ZnO NPs were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR and UV–Vis studies. Also, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the synthesized ZnO NPs were investigated. The XRD result of synthesized ZnO NPs showed the crystalline size 28.23 nm with wurtzite hexagonal structure along with the most intense peak (101). Following preliminary confirmations of the intended ZnO NPs, both big and small agglomerated forms were observed in the FE-SEM, which is often used to determine their exterior assembly. Further, the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated the formation of pure ZnO NPs with an absorption peak of the Zn–O bond between 4000 cm−1 and 500 cm−1 and no discernible peak in the monitoring range. The UV–Vis spectrum of the green synthesized ZnO NPs were revealed two prominent absorption peaks at 355 nm and 370 nm with energy band gap of 2.986 eV. Using the 1, 1-di phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, the antioxidant activity of the described ZnO NPs was assessed. It demonstrated how, ZnO NPs significantly increased their antioxidant activity by scavenging 1, 1-di phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. It could be seen that synthesis of the naturally occurring plant product ZnO NPs have been acting as an alternate of chemical antioxidant. The antimicrobial analysis was also performed with the help of disk diffusion method where three multi-drug resistant human pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli were used. The Zone of Inhibition diameter values are 35.2 mm ± 0.9, 23.6 mm ± 0.1 and 13.5 mm ± 0.1, respectively, which showed that the ZnO NPs was highly effective against S. aureus. Thus, the green synthesis method of ZnO NPs using leaf extract of Calendula officinalis is evidence that it is superior and environmentally friendly method for the preparation of ZnO NPs and hence it can be utilized in various nano-medicine approaches.

Verbena officinalis (VO) leaf extract as an anti-corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic environment

In the present work, Verbena Officinalis (VO) leaf extract was used as potential corrosion inhibitor for the corrosion of carbon steel (CS) in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium. Further, the corrosion inhibiting nature of VO leaf extract towards the CS was evaluated using mass loss (ML), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface morphological analyses using atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Calculation of activation energy Ea∗\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left( {{\ ext{E}}_{{\ ext{a}}}^{*} } \\right)$$\\end{document} using Arrhenius equation shows the increase in activation energy when adding the VO leaf extract in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium and the maximum activation energy (Ea∗\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext{E}}_{{\ ext{a}}}^{*}$$\\end{document} = 49.9 kJ mol−1) was observed for 1000 mg L−1 VO leaf extract in acid medium. The negative free energy values suggested the spontaneous and the stability of the adsorbed layer of VO leaf extract on the CS surface. Using EIS measurements, high percent inhibitory effectiveness of 91.1% for 1000 ppm solutions was achieved. With an increase in VO leaf extract dose, the double layer capacitance (Cdl) values fall while the values of charge transfer (Rct) increase. This showed that a protective layer of VO leaf extract on CS surface was formed. The polarization curves showed that the VO leaf extract acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. It is discovered that the adsorption of VO leaf extract molecules adhering to the CS surface followed the Langmuir isotherm. The anti-corrosion action of VO leaf extract is fully demonstrated by some surface techniques.

Salvia officinalis leaf extract-stabilized NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO nanocomposite: Green hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and supercapacitor application

AbstractIn this study, NiO nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and NiO@ZnO nanocomposite were synthesized for the first time using a Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) extract-assisted hydrothermal process. The S. officinalis leaf extract served as a natural reducing and capping agent. The synthesized NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO nanocomposite were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) mapping, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The direct and indirect band gap energies of NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO were found to be 3.00, 2.28, and 2.71 eV, and 2.63, 1.91, and 2.23 eV, respectively. The crystallite sizes were analyzed using PXRD spectra through Scherrer and Williamson–Hall (W–H) methods. TEM analysis revealed that the average particle sizes of NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO were 16.0, 207.5, and 31.0 nm, respectively. The magnetic properties of all nanomaterials were assessed via the VSM technique. Specific capacitance (Cs) values, determined from CV voltammograms, were 196.8, 632.4, and 785 Fg-1 at a scan rate of 25 mVs-1 for NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO, respectively. These findings suggest that the green-synthesized NiO@ZnO nanocomposite holds significant potential as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

The Potency of Antibacterial Activity of Avicennia officinalis Leaf Extract Originating from Ambon Bay, Maluku, Indonesia

Mangroves are known as perennial plants that thrive and adapt in tropical coastal areas affected by tidal cycles. Mangroves serve ecological functions such as protecting the coast from wind, currents, and sea waves. Besides its ecological functions, mangrove leaf known well has an activity as antibacterial. The objective of this study was to determine the yield, phytochemical component contained and antibacterial strength of Avicennia officinalis leaf extract, originating from Ambon Bay against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The result showed that Avicennia officinalis leave extracts methanol extract generated an inhibition zone 14.97±0.41 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 12.01±0.06 mm against Escherichia coli. Methanol solvent exhibits the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, followed by ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts. However, Escherichia coli showed more resistance to the Avicennia officinalis leaf extract.

Anticancer Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis Leaf Extract on KB Cell Lines.

Background The value and use of medicinal plants, including the widespread cultivation of Rosmarinus officinalis, have increased rapidly. R. officinalis, a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean, has received attention for its potential therapeutic benefits. This study evaluates R. officinalis anticancer activity using human epithelial carcinoma (KB) cell lines derived from nasopharyngeal epidermoid carcinoma. The KB cell line is known for its increased sensitivity to specific chemotherapeutic agents (CA), making it a useful model in cancer research. The impact of R. officinalis is assessed using comprehensive analyses of cell viability and gene expression. Aim This study aims to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of R. officinalis on KB cell lines. Materials and methods TheR. officinalis leaf extract was separated and used to treat KB cell lines. The cell viability of treated KB cells was determined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and tumor-inducing metalloproteins (TIMP-1) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) genes. The statistical analysis was performed. Results This study analyzes the anticancer properties of R. officinalis on KB cell lines. The results show that increasing the concentration of rosemary extract reduces cell viability in malignant cells. Furthermore, the R. officinalis effect on the apoptotic signaling system is demonstrated by a decrease in MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA expressions, as observed by RT-PCR analysis. Conclusion Patients looking for natural anticancer treatments may benefit from biogenically prepared anticancer drugs. The currentresearch focuses on R. officinalis as a potential alternative to chemically synthesized anticancer drugs.

Diet Supplementation with Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Leaf Powder Exhibits an Antidiabetic Property in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that has a high global health burden and causes high mortality and morbidity in humans. Medicinal herbs and plants offer a promising alternative to conventional therapies for the management of diabetes. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a traditional medicinal herb that has been used for the management of several diseases. Therefore, the present study investigates the antidiabetic properties of diets supplemented with R. officinalis leaf powder on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. First, the phytochemicals and 2,2-dephenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging activity of aqueous R. officinalis leaf extract were determined. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were fed a diet supplemented with R. officinalis leaf powder (ROP) at 3%, 6%, and 12%, respectively, for 6 weeks. Investigations of food intake, body weight, rat relative organ weights, blood glucose, lipid profiles, creatinine, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were estimated according to standard procedures. The results show that ROP aqueous extract contains significant amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, which exhibit in vitro DPPH free-radical scavenging activity. Based on an in vivo study, ROP reduced blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with ROP in diabetic rats significantly (p < 0.05) lowered ALT, AST, bilirubin, creatinine, total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels while increasing high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) when compared with the diabetic control group. Our findings demonstrate that a diet supplemented with R. officinalis leaf powder exhibits an antidiabetic potential with improved health outcomes, as demonstrated by the improved lipid and liver profile enzymes in our animal model.

Biogenic zinc selenide nanoparticles fabricated using Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract with potential biological activity

Zinc selenide nanoparticles (ZnSe) are semiconductor metals of zinc and selenium. ZnSe NPs are advantageous for biomedical and bio-imaging applications due to their low toxicity. ZnSe NPs can be used as a therapeutic agent by synthesizing those using biologically safe methods. As a novel facet of these NPs, plant-based ZnSe NPs were fabricated from an aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RO extract). Physiochemical analyses such as UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDX and TEM Imaging, XRD and DLS-Zeta potential analyses confirmed the biological fabrication of RO-ZnSe NPs. Additionally, Ro-ZnSe NPs were investigated for their bioactivity. There was an apparent peak in the UV-visible spectrum at 398 nm to confirm the presence of ZnSe NPs. FTIR analysis confirmed RO-extract participation in ZnSe NPs synthesis by identifying putative functional groups associated with biomolecules. TEM and SEM analyses revealed that RO-ZnSe NPs have spherical shapes in the range of 90–100 nm. According to XRD and EDX analysis, RO-ZnSe NPs had a crystallite size of 42.13 nm and contain Se and Zn (1:2 ratio). These NPs demonstrated approximately 90.6% antioxidant and antibacterial activity against a range of bacterial strains at 100 µg/ml. Antibiofilm activity was greatest against Candida glabrata and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 100 g/ml. Accordingly, the IC50 values for anticancer activity against HTB-9, SW742, and HF cell lines were 14.16, 8.03, and 35.35 g/ml, respectively. In light of the multiple applications for ZnSe NPs, our research indicates they may be an excellent option for biological and therapeutic purposes in treating cancers and infections. Therefore, additional research is required to determine their efficacy.

Role of Nitric Oxide, TNF-α and Caspase-3 in Lead Acetate-Exposed Rats Pretreated with Aqueous Rosmarinus officinalis Leaf Extract.

Lead (Pb) toxicity is a worldwide significant public health challenge causing several neurological disorders. Reports indicate that plants rich in antioxidants, such as Rosmarinus officinalis (RO), can counteract Pb accumulation and its toxicity in the brain. Due to a dearth of literature evidence demonstrating the protective activity of RO against Pb toxicity, this study investigated such activity in Wistar rats. Thirty-six Wistar rats were allocated into six groups (n=6), namely I (control), II (lead acetate [Pb]; 100 mg/kg b.w.), III (100 mg/kg of RO and 100 mg/kg of Pb), IV (200 mg/kg of RO and 100 mg/kg of Pb), V (100 mg/kg b.w. of RO) and VI (200 mg/kg b.w. of RO). After 28 days, neurobehavioural, antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, apoptotic and inflammatory activities as well as the histology of the cerebellum were evaluated. Body weight, locomotion and exploration as well as antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in Pb-exposed rats when compared to control. Conversely, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and caspase-3 activities were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in the Pb-exposed rats when compared to control. These parameters were, however, significantly (p<0.05) attenuated in the RO-pretreated rats when compared to Pb-exposed rats. Cerebellar histology of the Pb-exposed rats showed severe degeneration of the Purkinje cells whereas the RO-pretreated rats showed better cerebellar architecture. These findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective activity of RO is facilitated via its effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.

Biosynthesized Ag nanoparticles on urea-based periodic mesoporous organosilica enhance galegine content in Galega.

The biological approach for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) using plant extracts is an efficient alternative to conventional physicochemical methods. Galegine, isolated from Galega (Galega officinalis L.), has anti-diabetic properties. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) loaded onto urea-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (AgNPs/Ur-PMO) were bio-synthesized using G. officinalis leaf extract. The synthesized NPs were characterized and confirmed via analysis methods. Different concentrations of biosynthesized AgNPs/Ur-PMO nanoparticles (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20mg L-1) were used as elicitors in cell suspension culture (CSC) of G. officinalis. The callus cells from hypocotyl explants were treated at their logarithmic growth phase (8th d) and were collected at time intervals of 24, 72, 120, and 168h. The viability and growth of cells were reduced (by 17% and 35%, respectively) at higher concentrations and longer treatments of AgNPs/Ur-PMO; however, the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased (1.23 and 3.01 fold, respectively in comparison with the control average). The highest total phenolic (2.43mgg-1 dry weight) and flavonoid (2.22mgg-1 dry weight) contents were obtained 168h after treatment with 10mg L-1 AgNPs/Ur-PMO. An increasing tendency in the antioxidant enzyme activities was also observed in all the elicitor concentrations. Treatment with AgNPs/Ur-PMO (in particular 5mg L-1 for 120h) significantly enhanced the galegine content (up to 17.42mgg-1) about 1.80 fold compared with the control. The results suggest that AgNPs/Ur-PMO can be used as an effective elicitor for enhancing galegine production in the CSC of G. officinalis. KEY POINTS: • The green biosynthesis of AgNPs/Ur-PMO was done using G. officinalis leaf extract • Its toxicity as an elicitor increased with increasing concentration and treatment time • AgNPs/Ur-PMO significantly increased the antioxidant capacity and galegine content.

CaZnO-based nanoghosts for the detection of ssDNA, pCRISPR and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen and targeted delivery of doxorubicin

Overexpression of proteins/antigens and other gene-related sequences in the bodies could lead to significant mutations and refractory diseases. Detection and identification of assorted trace concentrations of such proteins/antigens and/or gene-related sequences remain challenging, affecting different pathogens and making viruses stronger. Correspondingly, coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) mutations/alterations and spread could lead to overexpression of ssDNA and the related antigens in the population and brisk activity in gene-editing technologies in the treatment/detection may lead to the presence of pCRISPR in the blood. Therefore, the detection and evaluation of their trace concentrations are of critical importance. CaZnO-based nanoghosts (NGs) were synthesized with the assistance of a high-gravity technique at a 1,800 MHz field, capitalizing on the use of Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract as the templating agent. A complete chemical, physical and biological investigation revealed that the synthesized NGs presented similar morphological features to the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), resulting in excellent biocompatibility, interaction with ssDNA- and/or pCRISPR-surface, through various chemical and physical mechanisms. This comprise the unprecedented synthesis of a fully inorganic nanostructure with behavior that is similar to MSCs. Furthermore, the endowed exceptional ability of inorganic NGs for detective sensing/folding of ssDNA and pCRISPR and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen (RSCSA), along with in-situ hydrogen peroxide detection on the HEK-293 and HeLa cell lines, was discerned. On average, they displayed a high drug loading capacity of 55%, and the acceptable internalizations inside the HT-29 cell lines affirmed the anticipated MSCs-like behavior of these inorganic-NGs.

Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Loaded Liposomes.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a species that is widely known for its culinary and medicinal uses. The purpose of the present study consisted of the evaluation of the antiproliferative and antimicrobial effects of R. officinalis-loaded liposomes (L-R). Characterization of the liposomes was performed by establishing specific parameters. The load of the obtained liposomes was analyzed using an LC-MS method, and antiproliferative assays evaluated the cell viability on a liver adenocarcinoma cell line and on a human hepatic stellate cell line. Antimicrobial assays were performed by agar–well diffusion and by broth microdilution assays. The obtained liposomes showed high encapsulation efficiency, suitable particle size, and good stability. High amounts of caffeic (81.07 ± 0.76), chlorogenic (14.10 ± 0.12), carnosic (20.03 ± 0.16), rosmarinic (39.81 ± 0.35), and ellagic (880.02 ± 0.14) acids were found in their composition, together with other polyphenols. Viability and apoptosis assays showed an intense effect on the cancerous cell line and a totally different pattern on the normal cells, indicating a selective toxicity towards the cancerous ones and an anti-proliferative mechanism. Antimicrobial potential was noticed against all tested bacteria, with a better efficacy towards Gram-positive species. These results further confirm the biological activities of R. officinalis leaf extract, and proposes and characterizes novel delivery systems for their encapsulation, enhancing the biological activities of polyphenols, and overcoming their limitations.

Rosmarinic Acid, as an NHE1 Activator, Decreases Skin Surface pH and Improves the Skin Barrier Function.

Stratum corneum (SC) pH regulates skin barrier functions and elevated SC pH is an important factor in various inflammatory skin diseases. Acidic topical formulas have emerged as treatments for impaired skin barriers. Sodium proton exchanger 1 (NHE1) is an important factor in SC acidification. We investigated whether topical applications containing an NHE1 activator could improve skin barrier functions. We screened plant extracts to identify NHE1 activators in vitro and found Melissa officinalis leaf extract. Rosmarinic acid, a component of Melissa officinalis leaf extract, significantly increased NHE1 mRNA expression levels and NHE1 production. Immunofluorescence staining of NHE1 in 3D-cultured skin revealed greater upregulation of NHE1 expression by NHE1 activator cream, compared to vehicle cream. Epidermal lipid analysis revealed that the ceramide level was significantly higher upon application of the NHE1 activator cream on 3D-cultured skin, compared to application of a vehicle cream. In a clinical study of 50–60-year-old adult females (n = 21), application of the NHE1 activator-containing cream significantly improved skin barrier functions by reducing skin surface pH and transepidermal water loss and increasing skin hydration, compared to patients who applied vehicle cream and those receiving no treatment. Thus, creams containing NHE1 activators, such as rosmarinic acid, could help maintain or recover skin barrier functions.

The effects of Melissa officinalis leaf extract on anxiety among patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries

Background andobjectivesIn European Traditional Medicine and Iranian Traditional Medicine, Melissa officinalis L. is commonly regarded as an anti-anxiety agent. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Melissa officinalis leaf extract on anxiety among patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries. MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial (RCT), 80 candidates for orthopedic surgery were selected by purposeful sampling in an urban area of Iran. These patients were assigned to intervention and control groups using minimization methods. The intervention group consumed 500 mg capsules containing Melissa officinalis leaf extract at 4 pm and 10 pm on the day before the surgery. In the control group, the patients consumed a 500 mg capsule containing starch as a placebo at hours similar to those in the intervention group. Data gathering tools were a demographic questionnaire and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The STAI questionnaires were completed before the intervention and again at 8:00 am on the next day before the surgery. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18. ResultsAccording to the results, no significant difference was found between the two groups before the intervention (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.67). But there was a significant difference between the two groups on the next day before the surgery, and the mean anxiety level was lower in the intervention group (Mann-Whitney test, P < 0.05). ConclusionsResults of the present study showed that Melissa officinalis extract could reduce anxiety among patients before surgery.

Efficacy of Althaea officinalis leaf extract in controlling Alternaria spp. pathogenic on Citrus

Efficacy of Althaea officinalis leaf extract in controlling Alternaria spp. pathogenic on Citrus

Salvia officinalis extract mediated for the synthesis of SO-MgO-NPs and their utilization for simultaneous measurement of dopamine, uric acid, and ascorbic acid by voltammetry method

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were fabricated using green synthesis with salvia officinalis (SO) leaf extract. SO-MgO-NPs were detected using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SO-MgO-NPs were used to making a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE), abbreviated by the name SO-MgO-NPs-CPE. This electrode was successfully utilized for the measurement of dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA) using electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. Excellent electrocatalytic activity of SO-MgO-NPs allows selective the measurement of DA in the presence of UA and AA by the voltammetric method so that the peak oxidation potential distances ΔEp for AA-DA, and DA-UA is about 260 mV and 200 mV, respectively. The SO-MgO-NPs were used to measure DA, UA, and AA in actual samples such as pharmaceutical samples and healthy samples of human blood serum, and good results were obtained.

Green Approach towards Corrosion Inhibition in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

The influence of Hyssopus officinalis (L), (Hyssop), or (Zoufa) on the corrosion of mild steel and zinc alloy in 0.5 M HCl solution was tested through open circuit potential-time measurements (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization, as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Hyssop leaf extract exhibited good inhibition efficiency in HCl solutions for both metals. To determine the nature of interaction among the leaf extract and both metallic surfaces, the experimental data have been tested with several adsorption isotherms. The thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated. The data showed that the adsorption process on both metals occurs through a physical adsorption mechanism. Hyssopus officinalis (L) leaf extract can be suggested as an effective green inhibitor of corrosion of mild steel and zinc alloy in HCl solutions.

Effect of Antibiotic Susceptibility and Inhibitory Activity for the Control of Growth and Survival of Microorganisms of Extracts of Calendula officinalis

Extracts from many types of plants show several evidences of beneficial health effects in the living system. Calendula officinalis is a well known medicinal plant in our country. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of C. officinalis for control of the growth and survival of microorganisms. The inhibition of growth was tested by the paper disc agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the tube dilution method. C. officinalis leaf extract showed inhibition (MIC, inhibitory) to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis and to the other bacteria tested. Antimicrobial effects of leaf extract of C. officinalis on some microorganisms including pathogens were investigated. The extract of C. officinalis leaf which is prepared in was tested on bacterial cultures such as B. subtilis, S. lutea, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and also investigated that minimum inhibitory concentration 4µg/ml of leaf extract of C. officinalis in petroleum ether against K. pneumoniae and largest inhibitory zone are created by 512mg/ml chloroform extract against E. coli leaf extract of C. officinalis in petroleum ether has proved better for antibacterial activity. This study demonstrates that the potentiality of C. officinalis as a source of antimicrobials that could be harness for use in the health care delivery process.

Emblica officinalis leaf extract mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for antibacterial and photocatalytic activities

ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized via a simple green method using plant extract without the use of any other chemicals. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), photoluminescence measurements (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Photocatalytic activities of ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue under UV radiation. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles against S. aureus, S. paratyphi, V. cholerae, and E. coli are also screened.

Effect of Antibiotic Susceptibility and Inhibitory Activity for the Control of Growth and Survival of Microorganisms of Extracts of Calendula officinalis

Extracts from many types of plants show several evidences of beneficial health effects in the living system. Calendula officinalis is a well known medicinal plant in our country. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of C. officinalis for control of growth and survival of microorganisms. Inhibition of growth was tested by the paper disc agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the tube dilution method. C. officinalis leaf extract showed inhibition (MIC, inhibitory) to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis and to the other bacteria tested. Antimicrobial effects of leaf extract of C. officinalis on some microorganisms including pathogens were investigated. The extract of C. officinalis leaf which is prepared in was tested on bacterial cultures such as B. subtilis, S. lutea, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and also investigated that minimum inhibitory concentration 4µg/ml of leaf extract of C. officinalis in Petroleum ether against K. pneumoniae and largest inhibitory zone are created by 512mg/ml chloroform extract against E. coli leaf extract of C. officinalis in Petroleum ether has proved better for antibacterial activity. This study demonstrates that the potentiality of C. officinalis as a source of antimicrobials that could be harness for use in the health care delivery process.