Official Statistical Databases Research Articles

The impact of relationship marketing practices on companies’ market and financial performance in emerging markets

PurposeThe paper aims to reveal the impact of relationship marketing (RM) practices adopted by companies in emerging markets on their market and financial performance (FP) over a long-term, 13-year perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe research design combines primary empirical data from 229 Russian companies, based on the Contemporary Marketing Practices (CMP) survey, and objective FP data from official statistical databases for 2008–2020 to verify the impact of RM practices on market and FP in the long term.FindingsThe research underlines the significant impact of RM practices. It is important to notice that the effect of product development (PD) on marketing performance is mediated by competitor orientation. PD affects market and FP, whose roles vary with the return on assets (ROA).Research limitations/implicationsResearch design supplements the subjective survey data with the objective FP data on the ROA to avoid common method bias.Practical implicationsImplementation of RM practices by Russian companies can increase their effectiveness of performance in the long term.Originality/valueThis research shows the positive impact of RM practices on the FP of Russian firms over the past 13 years.

Тройная спираль в ESG-моделях развития муниципальных образований

Introduction. ESG studies are relevant due to both the climate agenda, socio-economic and geopolitical aspects in the growth of modern economy, while the decomposition of national and regional tasks at the municipal level determines the goal setting for the study of ESG models for municipal development. Purpose. The paper aims at identifying and quantifying causal relationships to spot the triple helix in ESG models for municipal development. Materials and Methods. The constituent-functional approach, comparative and correlation analysis were used as the main research tools. The information was taken from the official statistical database of the Federal State Statistics Service, EMISS, as well as the results of the ESG rating of cities done by RA Expert Agency. Results. The study outlined the causal relationships which define the nature of inter-constituent interactions for sustainable development of municipalities. A triple helix was proven to exist in the ESG models of innovative municipal development. This helix reveals the relationships among business entities from the perspective of ESG development. Correlation analysis was applied to prove the differentiation of municipalities, and a typology of ESG models of development is proposed by the key type of interactions in terms of the triple helix. Conclusions. The conducted research actually attributed the analyzed municipalities to one of the selected types, which is confirmed by a comparative analysis with the ratings and expert opinions. The results obtained are of interest for further studies of approaches to the ESG agenda at the municipal level as a part of an interdisciplinary research. The practical value of the proposed tools for identifying the type of ESG development model refers to the opportunities to identify not only weaknesses, but also systemic interactions for higher investment attractiveness and strategizing the ESG development of municipalities.

New Approach to Modelling the Impact of Heavy Metals on the European Union's Water Resources.

The present research aims to address the highly topical issue of heavy metal water pollution from an integrated European perspective, i.e., to quantify through modelling a general model of water pollution reduction in the EU. The objectives of the study are mainly aimed at identifying effective solutions to reduce heavy metal water pollution and providing supranational decision-makers with public policy directions in the field. The research methods consist of the foundation of working hypotheses based on the study of the literature, the consolidation of official statistical databases in the field, econometric modelling and the conceptualisation of a general model and its testing and validation by statistical methods. The results of the analysis consist of the following marginal contributions: the identification of a general model for combating heavy metal pollution; the calculation of the degree of contribution of regional policies to the general model; and the identification of effective solutions to improve the combating of heavy metal water pollution in Europe. The main conclusion of the analysis shows that significant progress has been achieved at the EU level in the field of combating heavy metal water pollution. However, the level of disparity and poor policy coordination are real vulnerabilities for the EU.

Provision of emergency medical care in the territory of the Republic of Khakassia for road traffic injury

Objective: to establish the reasons that impede the provision of ambulance in case of traffic accidents in the Republic of Khakassia and to outline ways to solve them. Materials and methods. Official statistical forms, information materials and electronic databases of the State Budgetary Institution of Health of the Republic of Khakassia “Republican Medical Information and Analytical Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Khakassia (RMIAC) and the Department of State Road Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Republic of Khakassia (UGIBDD) were used. Results. An analysis of the causes that impede the provision of ambulance in case of traffic accidents in the Republic of Khakassia is carried out. Of course, persons injured as a result of transport accidents that occurred on the territory of a large city have a better chance of the timely arrival of the ambulance team than those injured as a result of a traffic accident on highways remote from large cities. Conclusion. It is necessary to continue this study for the scientific substantiation of ways to eliminate the causes that impede the provision of ambulance in case of road acci[1]dents in the Republic of Khakassia.

Who cares about digital literacy of 54+ citizens?!

Nowadays, information about mostly any social, commercial, public or cultural activity is available on the Internet. If it is not, it does not exist. The age of digital transformation, digital society and digital economy is characterised by e-activities, e-events and e-services. The focus of ICT developers and experts is on how to transform regular services to digital ones, as well as on how to develop protocols for communication machine to machine (Big Data for Smart City concepts). They succeeded; they found a way to apply those concepts to a wide area of social and commercial matters. But, what about citizens? Who cares about their ability to use all the e-services available today and the opportunity to be present at all e-events and e-activities? Availability of information and services to all citizens is a basic human right. The ability to use them and the chance to acquire that ability must also be an elementary human right. The author of this article wonders whether this really is the case. This article presents the facts about digital literacy and e-inclusion of 54+ citizens, especially senior citizens, which can be found in official statistical databases (EUROSTAT or the Croatian Bureau of Statistics). The author also talks about different approaches to raising the digital literacy rate of 54+ citizens. The third part focuses on public resources that could be used in the process of conducting a systematic programme and in making suggestions for further steps in achieving the general goal - increasing the number of users of e-services.

Borderland Location as a Factor of the Development of the Terespol Commune

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study was to determine the significance of the borderland location as a factor in the development of the Terespol commune. The paper answers the questions how the borderland location is perceived by the inhabitants, whether it gives an opportunity for the development of the Terespol commune, and what is the significance of the borderland location compared to other factors in the commune’s development. Materials and methods: The study uses the method of a survey with a representative sample of 50 inhabitants of the Terespol commune. The literature on the subject related to the factor of the borderland location and its role in local development as well as planning documents concerning the development of the commune were investigated. The analyzes were supplemented with a review of official statistical databases describing economic activity in the commune. The time scope of the research covers the years 1990-2021. Results: In the light of the research, the borderland location is the leading factor in the development of the commune, and keeping it on the current development path and the growing significance of this factor may increase the chance of building a “New Silk Road”. Other development potential are rich natural and landscape values which favour the expansion of tourism and agriculture. The potential of the local community – residents, local entrepreneurs, and local government – is assessed as low. In the opinion of the inhabitants the potential of the location is also not fully used. Conclusions: The commune’s potential should be used in the development of additional production specialties, its multifunctionality and better adaptation to new socio-economic conditions resulting from the economic transformation and the challenges of increasing competitiveness. It is necessary to activate other functions and factors, whose significance has decreased over the years, including human capital activation. A fuller use of the commune’s potential should be based to a greater extent on the participation of the local community.

ECONOMIC BURDEN AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE DRUG SUPPLY MANAGEMENT FOR IMMUNE INFLAMMATORY DISEASES (BY EXAMPLE OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN'S DISEASE)

to estimate the quality and availability of medical care for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), to assess the impact of the economic burden of these diseases on the healthcare budget of Russia and to systematize the main problems in the organization of medical care and drug supply for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Regional IBD databases (2016-2018), official statistical databases, costs of treatment and results of expert interviews with specialists in IBD were used in the study. The analyzed databases showed 104,668 patients with UC in Russia in 2018 (prevalence rate 71 per 100,000 people) and 66,647 patients with CD (prevalence rate of 45 per 100,000 people). The economic burden including agents for biologic therapy (ABT) for the UC was 39.54 billion rubles a year (495 rubles per capita), and CD - 32.98 billion rubles a year (378 rubles per capita). It requires an additional 9.87 billion rubles annually for UC and 9.20 billion rubles annually for CD patients to provide the complete supply with ABT. The annual burden of IBD is 72.52 billion rubles, which is comparable to the costs of other socially significant diseases, including malignant tumors. It shows the high social and economic value of IBD for the country. The main problems of medical care and drug supply for IBD patients are the mismatch of official statistical data and real IBD prevalence in Russia due to absence of comprehensive register and the insufficient supply with ABT due to limited funding. A federal center for IBD should be founded for better quality of registration, for the precise monitoring and for the active management of personal drug supply.

Digitization in the Transport Sector: Development Trends and Indicators. Part 2

The part 2 continues presenting the results of the study devoted to the assessment of the digital technologies’ impact on various industries, in order to define the tendencies of digitalization in Ukraine and the world. It is emphasized that various international statistical databases which specifics depends on the study’s objective are important for international comparisons. Due to the rapid development of technologies for collection, processing and communication of information, many organizations could perform various studies at macrolevel on the global economy scales, using international and national statistical databases covering nearly all the dimensions of the global development and including the indicators measuring digitalization processes in national economies and their segments.
 Consideration is given to the database indicators measuring digitalization trends, with selecting the indicators reflecting these processes in individual economies and related to digital transformations in the transport. The particular attention is paid to the Ukraine’s position in these international databases and the completeness of information on relevant indicators in Ukraine. A comparison of the selected indicators with the indicators of digitalisation in the transport sector in the official statistical database was carried out, and the systematization of these indicators was made in order to further improve the official statistical database by including in it the indicators on the development of information and communication technologies in the transport sector.
 The careful study and analysis of international and national statistical databases allowed for creating a set of indicators on digitalization in the transport sector, with including the indicators in it reflecting the dissemination of information and communication technologies in the transport sector and characterizing digital transformations in the transport. The proposed set of indicators is dynamic and can be complemented by other indicators in the process of digital transformations in the transport sector. Given the current global trends of the growing penetration of digital technology in all the spheres of human activity, this set of indicators can be used not only to monitor these processes in the transport sector, but also in the management practices.

Digitization in the Transport Sector: Development Trends and Indicators. Part 1

The article outlines the current global trends in digitalization, which include the use of big data and cloud technologies, the spread of Internet of Things (IoT), the development of robotics, the spread of 3D printing technology, blockchain processes and crowdsourcing. The main problem of the article is to study the process of digitalisation in general and in the transport sector in the context of trends and development indicators, and to make recommendations for further improvement of the national statistical database by including indicators on the development of information and communication technologies in the transport sector based on international databases. The particular attention is paid to the consideration of the institutional basis of digitalisation worldwide, with focus on the practices of the EU, Germany, Canada, the USA and Kazakhstan. The experience of Ukraine in digitization of the economy and the transport sector in particular is carefully studied. Consideration is given to the database indicators measuring digitalization trends, with selecting the indicators reflecting these processes in individual economies and related to digital transformations in the transport. The particular attention is paid to the Ukraine’s position in these international databases and the completeness of information on relevant indicators in Ukraine. A comparison of the selected indicators with the indicators of digitalisation in the transport sector in the official statistical database was carried out, and the systematization of these indicators was made in order to further improve the official statistical database by including in it the indicators on the development of information and communication technologies in the transport sector. The careful study and analysis of international and national statistical databases allowed for creating a set of indicators on digitalization in the transport sector, with including the indicators in it reflecting the dissemination of information and communication technologies in the transport sector and characterizing digital transformations in the transport. The proposed set of indicators is dynamic and can be complemented by other indicators in the process of digital transformations in the transport sector. Given the current global trends of the growing penetration of digital technology in all the spheres of human activity, this set of indicators can be used not only to monitor these processes in the transport sector, but also in the management practices.

Worldwide disease epidemiology in the older persons.

This article provides an overview on the current worldwide disease epidemiology in older persons, analyzing information contained in the World Health Organization (WHO) health data and statistics database. Epidemiology data on diseases in older persons (i.e., in subjects aged 60years or older) were retrieved from the official WHO health data and statistics database. Ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the leading causes of disability and death in older people, whilst dementias have displayed the largest increase during the past 16years. With only few exceptions, significant sex difference can be observed in the majority of diseases causing disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths in older people. DALYs are mostly caused by IHD, malignancies, COPD and cirrhosis in older men; whilst dementias, hearing loss, falls, hypertensive heart disease, back and neck pain and diarrheal diseases cause larger health loss in older women. Death rate for malignancies (except colorectal cancer), COPD, cirrhosis and tuberculosis is larger in older men; whilst mortality for cardiovascular disorders, dementias and diarrheal diseases is larger in older women. IHD is the leading cause of health loss and deaths in nearly all WHO regions, whilst infectious diseases still cause a substantial epidemiologic burden in Africa. Cancers and dementias will probably display the highest mortality escalation during the next 40years.

Evaluating the International Competitiveness of Vietnam Wood Processing Industry by Combining the Variation Coefficient and the Entropy Method

Indicators measuring industrial international competitiveness are being continuously improved. However, so far, there is no unified perfect indicator to measure the level of international competitiveness of the industry. Based on the market share index (MS), trade competitiveness index (TC), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and relative trade advantage index (RTA), we constructed a comprehensive international competitiveness index by combining the variation coefficient and the entropy method. This study aims to compare and evaluate the international competitiveness of the wood processing industry (ICWPI) in Vietnam using a comprehensive international competitiveness index. The data is collected from the top 22 countries and the total import and export volume of the wood processing industry from the repository of official international trade statistics (UN Comtrade) database for 2001–2017. The results found that it is more accurate to use the combined variation coefficient and the entropy method to evaluate the international competitiveness of the wood processing industry, compared to using only a single index. The growth rate of international competitiveness of Vietnam increased rapidly from 2001 to 2007 but slowed from 2008 to 2017. Vietnam has the advantages of natural resources, low labor costs and favorable geographical location. However, the low productivity gains and added industry value have led to a gradual decline in the international competitiveness growth rate of Vietnam’s wood processing industry.

Agenda de Inovação no Brasil

A proposta do artigo é analisar as respostas das políticas de inovação aos contornos do processo econômico no Brasil, no período recente. Os dados foram obtidos em fontes secundárias, notadamente relatórios, regulamentos e bases estatísticas oficiais disponíveis nos sites de Ministérios. Parte-se do princípio, caro aos Innovation Studies, de que a inovação seria um processo socioeconômico relacional cuja consecução depende, sempre, de uma complexa rede de atores e de difíceis mudanças nas práticas sociais. O estudo orienta-se pela conjectura de que a consecução de uma agenda de políticas combinadas de indução, regulação e competição econômica condicionaria favoravelmente o avanço de capacidades, interações e complementaridades dos atores produtivos, na direção da formação de sistemas de inovação. Isso requeria, entre outros fatores, novas concertações entre forças do setor público e do setor privado, pois atores produtivos tradicionais tenderiam a resistir ao processo, deixando de se envolver com a agenda, acionando recursos de poder para pressionar atores estatais a apoiar e legitimar a reprodução de seu escopo de atuação, e obliterando os desdobramentos do processo.

Mortality attributable to influenza in pre-vaccination and post-vaccination periods in Argentina: an ecological study (2002-2016)Mortalidade atribuível à gripe no período pré-vacinal e pós-vacinal na Argentina: estudo ecológico (2002-2016)

RESUMENObjetivosComparar las tasas de mortalidad por infección respiratoria aguda grave atribuible a gripe (IRAG) entre los períodos antes de la vacunación (AV) y después de la vacunación (DV), conocer la evolución histórica y estacionalidad de serie histórica entre 2002-2016 y estimar el riesgo de morir de niños entre 6 y 23 meses mediante el empleo de un modelo estadístico.MétodosEstudio de serie histórica con datos oficiales de mortalidad del informe estadístico de defunción. Se consideraron como IRAG los códigos de CIE-10 entre J09-18.9 y J22X. Se calcularon tasas brutas (TB) y ajustadas por edad (TAE) y se compararon los períodos AV (2002-2009) y DV (2010-2016) con prueba de χ2. El mejor modelo estadístico fue el que comparó las defunciones por IRAG en niños durante el 2002 con otros años. Se analizaron los datos con programa R, nivel de significancia P <0,05.ResultadosEl 4,6% (301 747) de las defunciones fueron por IRAG, con una edad mediana de 82 años, el porcentaje de fallecidos menores de dos años disminuyó en el período DV (2,34% a 0,99%, P < 0,05). Se presentó una marcada estacionalidad en invierno. Las TAE en gerontes pasaron de 259,8 AV a 328,6 por 100 000 personas DV (P < 0,05). En los niños, la TB disminuyó de manera significativa, estimando que el riesgo de morir por IRAG, comparado con el año 2 002, fue significativamente menor durante 3 años DV.ConclusionesLa disminución de la mortalidad por gripe en Argentina fue más evidente en niños, con un descenso estimado de 3,5 niños fallecidos por IRAG por mes.

Changing Senario of Carbon Finance in India

Decarbonizing the global economy is a strategic imperative as has been suggested by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) by striving for a transformation in energy production. This calls for low carbon transformation by the middle of this century and adoption of new pathways which shall help in achieving this objective. Runway climate disruptions and warnings by leading climatologists, ecologists, agronomists and economists have led to a process of shifting of world to a low carbon economy. In this backdrop, it becomes essential to analyze the basic factors, perspectives and drivers of carbon market in India. To analyze the theoretical framework and to present anecdote of carbon credit market in India, the paper understand the price discovery mechanism/information spillover/market efficiency and volatility dynamics in Indian carbon credit market and examines the reasons for the carbon credit market failure in India. For the purpose of study, data of Spot and Future prices of Carbon Credits has been collected from official Statistical database of Multi Commodity Exchange of India. The time period has been taken from June’08 to Nov’11 on a daily basis and various reports have been gathered from virtual databases. The paper concludes by suggesting strategies for the revival of aforementioned market in India.

Evaluation of the space heating need in residential buildings at territorial scale: The case of Canton Ticino (CH)

Due to the energy and environmental emergencies, in the last decades, goals, standards, regulations and incentives have been defined according to governmental strategies and regulations at national or local level. Referring to the built environment, this implies a knowledge of the energy performance of the building stock that instead is still poor.A method able to characterize the energy performance of the built environment at territorial scale was developed. It follows a simplified procedure that takes into account: data available in the Energy Certificate of Buildings database, data about the age of the buildings and the energy reference surfaces available in official statistics database. The method was applied to residential buildings in Canton Ticino, in southern Switzerland. The results achieved were compared to information available in the Cantonal Energy Balance, with regards to gas fueled residential buildings. The comparison reveals the global reliability of the method if applied at territorial scale.This method could support energy policies at regional/urban level, in order to stimulate a rational and massive refurbishment of the built environment.Further improvements are in progress in order to provide a territorial representation of results by a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tool.

Trends in maternal health in Lithuania 1995-2014.

Background.The Lithuanian Perinatology Program, orders issued by the Ministry of Health, regulating the care and treatment of mothers and their infants, and the well-running perinatal care system helped to improve the diagnostics and treatment of pregnancy pathology. Over the last 20 years, Lithuania has experienced significant improvements in the maternal and perinatal health.Materials and methods.Data was collected from the official statistics database, Medical Data of Births, provided by the Institute of Hygiene Health Information Centre, Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, and the Vilnius University Centre of Neonatology in 1995–2014.Results.The average maternal age at delivery ranged from 25.8 years in 1995 to 28.8 years in 2014. The comparison of 2001 and 2014 data shows that the incidence of gestational diabetes increased by 6.7 times due to the improved diagnosis. The percentage of hypertensive disorders decreased from 6.1% in 1997 to 3.2% in 2014. Between 1995 and 2014, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women declined by half. The marked decrease in respiratory, urinary, genital and other diseases was observed among pregnant women. From 1995 to 2014, in Lithuania there were 67 maternal deaths related to pregnancy and childbirth. Hemorrhage and infections during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period are considered the most common causes of maternal death.

Does migration lead to regional convergence in Russia?

We analyze the impact of migration on wage, income and the unemployment rate. Using the official Russian statistical database from 1995 to 2010, we calculate a dynamic panel data model with spatial effects. There is a positive spatial effect for wage, income and unemployment rate. There is no significant impact of migration on the unemployment rate. We find a negative relationship between net internal migration and both wages and income, which is explained by the positive effect of emigration and negative effect of immigration for income. However, the migration benefits are not big enough to make a difference on the Gini index across regions. We conclude that migration does not affect the regional -convergence of economic indicators.

Phosphorus flow management of cropping system in Huainan, China, 1990–2012

The rapid increase in phosphorus (P) use in cropping has raised concerns regarding the conservation and environmental impact of P. This study applied a partial substance flow analysis (SFA) to establish a dynamic model to evaluate the changes in the P flows from 1990 to 2012 in the cropping system of Huainan City, a typical agricultural region in central China. Based on this model, the P flows, P losses, P accumulations, and phosphorus use efficiencies (PUEs) during this period were identified and quantified using data from official statistical databases, questionnaires, face-to-face interviews and published literature. The results indicate that the total P input, P output, and P stock increased during these years. The increased P input was mainly caused by the dramatic increasing application of chemical fertilizer and the large-scale livestock excrement, while the great amount of harvested grains increased the P output. With the high application of the P input, the P stock including stored straw and soil accumulation also grew during these years. The P losses and P accumulations generally increased, except for 1995–2005, as a result from the substantial decrease in the cropland. Consequently, the PUEs in these years were not promising and were as low as approximately 30%, with great straw accumulation and loss. Based on the observed P flow of the cropping system in Huainan, this study provides some recommendations for improving P management. The quantifiable science-based methods that were used in this study may be applied to improve the resource management efficiency of the cities/counties and the water quality of the surrounding area.

Life-cycle phosphorus management of the crop production–consumption system in China, 1980–2012

Phosphorus (P) is an essential resource for agriculture and also a pollutant capable of causing eutrophication. The possibility of a future P scarcity and the requirement to improve the environment quality necessitate P management to increase the efficiency of P use. This study applied a substance flow analysis (SFA) to implement a P management procedure in a crop production–consumption (PMCPC) system model. This model determined the life-cycle P use efficiency (PUE) of the crop production–consumption system in China during 1980–2012. The system includes six subsystems: fertilizer manufacturing, crop cultivation, crop processing, livestock breeding, rural consumption, and urban consumption. Based on this model, the P flows and PUEs of the subsystems were identified and quantified using data from official statistical databases, published literature, questionnaires, and interviews. The results showed that the total PUE of the crop production–consumption system in China was low, notably from 1980 to 2005, and increased from 7.23% in 1980 to 20.13% in 2012. Except for fertilizer manufacturing, the PUEs of the six subsystems were also low. The PUEs in the urban consumption subsystem and the crop cultivation subsystem were less than 40%. The PUEs of other subsystems, such as the rural consumption subsystem and the livestock breeding subsystem, were also low and even decreased during these years. Measures aimed to improve P management practices in China have been proposed such as balancing fertilization, disposing livestock excrement, adjusting livestock feed, changing the diet of residents, and raising the waste disposal level, etc. This study also discussed several limitations related with the model and data. Conducting additional related studies on other regions and combining the analysis of risks with opportunities may be necessary to develop effective management strategies.

Does Migration Lead to Regional Convergence in Russia?

We analyze the impact of migration on wages, income and the unemployment rate. Using the official Russian statistical database from 1995 to 2010, we calculate a dynamic panel data model with spatial effects. There is a positive spatial effect for wages and unemployment. There is no significant impact of migration on the unemployment rate. We find a negative relationship between net internal migration and both wages and income, which is explained by the positive effect of emigration. However, the migration benefits are not big enough to make a difference on the Gini index across regions. We conclude that migration does not affect the regional convergence of economic indicators.