The article introduces into scientific circulation, investigates, and publishes a document on the history of local government of the Moscow State in the mid-17th century and the administrative activities of the Military Records Office and the Kazan Palace Office – list of voevodes and officemen of cities assigned by the Kazan Palace Office, September 1656. The document studied in the article was deposited in the fund of the Military Records Office of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). The article gives an archaeographic description of the published document, and substantiates the proposed dating of the document. The article describes the information potential of the document. The article is addressed to specialists in the history of public administration, and the source studies of office documents. For citation: Belousov M.R. New document on voivodes of cities assigned by the Kazan Palace Office, September 1656. From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2024, vol.14, no.3, pp.154–160. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2024-14-3.154-160 (In Russian)