Official Organisms Research Articles

ALCOHOL-RELATED PROBLEMS IN PORTUGAL: SEARCHING FOR CONNECTIONS

Based on a doctoral thesis, the study investigates the relationship between alcohol consumption and social problems. The main goals were to recognize the social problems most associated with alcohol, find interconnections and understand how society looks at the problem, especially in what concerns this particular relationship. This study employs document analysis and interviews as qualitative data collection methods, using a non-probability sampling. Were analyzed public records, namely national annual reports from 6 different official organisms, regarding 2015?. Were also interviewed 62 alcoholic patients, from 5 distinct support services? The interview data were analyzed from a biographical perspective, which allowed the analysis of the parallel evolution of social problems within the history of consumption. The results of this research confirm a dynamic systemic and multidimensional relationship between alcoholism and social factors/problems, especially family, legal, and work issues. The results also reveal that society devalues and neglects this association, by not analyzing or recording alcohol consumption. The findings of this study suggest that the lack of recognition of the problem interferes in the early detection and difficult alcoholism intervention.

An Inquiry on the Third Mission of Universities: The Measurement of Universities' Contribution to the Social, Cultural and Economic Development of a City

“Development” is a kind of growth that leads to the transformation of social and official organisms including innovation in cultural values, worldview, and consumption and behaviour patterns. Accordingly, development is a living organism as indicated by developments in many fields such as economics, science, art, sports, education, democracy, and freedom to improve prosperity. Since development begins with innovation in human resources and national development processes depends on regional and urban development, education, and educational institutes can be accepted as one of the initiatives and accelerative factors of development. Therefore, the role of city universities is important in the development of cities and countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of four major universities in Ankara to the social, cultural, and economic development of the city. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire, which was developed by the researchers to be used in interviewing with vice rectors of these four universities. Three of those vice rectors are from state universities, and one of them is from a private university. The qualitative data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. On the basis of results, it is concluded that universities in Ankara play their “third mission” by contributing to the development of their surroundings.

Considerações sobre a dinâmica das relações econômicas de Mato Grosso do Sul com a China: 1997 a 2019

A dinâmica da participação chinesa na relação externa da economia de Mato Grosso do Sul está relacionada principalmente a dois fatores. Primeiro pelo próprio desenvolvimento chinês. Segundo pelo desenvolvimento da economia interna de Mato Grosso do Sul em decorrência do dinamismo de alteração de suas cadeias produtivas que ocorreu a partir de 2006/2009. O objetivo central do presente artigo é analisar as relações comerciais entre o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e a China no que respeita às profundas transformações verificadas no portfólio das partes envolvidas, entre 1997 e 2019. Até 2004, a China ocupava apenas 2,94% das importações, com portfólio limitado de produtos e, em 2019, foi a segunda principal parceira nas importações com 19,71%. As exportações seguiram o movimento ascendente até tornar-se a China a principal parceira comercial de Mato Grosso do Sul. Em 2003, as exportações para a China somaram menos de 3% e, em 2019, atingiram 40,94%. A metodologia utilizada consistiu no estudo de importantes obras relacionadas ao desenvolvimento chinês e à dinâmica da economia interna do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, além de sistematização e análise de dados estatísticos de organismos oficiais. Sendo assim, nota-se, por meio da presente análise, que houve aumento gradativo da participação da China nas exportações para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, inclusive com maior diversificação, somando-se aí produtos com maior teor tecnológico, como contêineres, motores elétricos, circuitos integrados e indústria química.

The key role of mass spectrometry in comprehensive research on new psychoactive substances.

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are a wide group of compounds that try to mimic the effects produced by the 'classical' illicit drugs, including cannabis (synthetic cannabinoids), cocaine and amphetamines (synthetic cathinones) or heroin (synthetic opioids), and which health effects are still unknown for most of them. Nowadays, more than 700 compounds are being monitored by official organisms, some of which have been recently identified in seizures and/or intoxication cases. Toxicological analysis plays a pivotal role in NPS research. A comprehensive investigation on NPS, from the first identification of a novel substance until its detection in drug users to help in diagnostics and medical treatment, requires the use of a wide variety of instruments and analytical strategies. This paper illustrates the key role of mass spectrometry (MS) along a comprehensive investigation on NPS. The synthetic cannabinoid XLR-11 and the synthetic cathinone 5-PPDi have been chosen as representative substances of the most consumed NPS families. Moreover, both compounds have been investigated at our laboratory in different stages of the three-step strategy considered in this article. The initial identification and characterisation of the compound in consumption products, the first reported metabolic pathway and the development of analytical methodologies for its determination (and/or their metabolites) in different toxicological samples are described. The analytical strategies and MS instruments are briefly discussed to show the reader the possibilities that MS instrumentation offer to analytical scientists. This publication aims to be a starting point for those interested on the NPS research field from an analytical chemistry point of view.

Morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 in latin america: study of three countries - february to july 2020

On March 11, 2020 the WHO declared the state of pandemic by COVID-19. As of July 29, 2020, 17 106 007 cases and 668 910 deaths have been reported globally. The region of the Americas has reported 9 152 173 cases (53%) and 351 121 deaths (52,2%), so the aggregate analysis of the data in countries in this region is of interest. Argentina, Chile and Colombia, due to their demographic and economic characteristics, are countries that can be studied. Analyze variables related to health systems and epidemiological data of SARS-CoV-2 virus disease in Argentina, Chile and Colombia. A descriptive study of variables reported by the official organisms of each state was used. There is an important difference in active cases and mortality among the three countries; the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires has the highest number of active cases as of July 2020. Colombia has the highest numbers of deaths confirmed by COVID-19 in the months of February to July 2020. We suggest the unification of an information system for Latin America that allows a comprehensive monitoring of variables, improves the qua-lity of data and unifies the technical language.

Gastronomía y cultura el barrio de San Marcos: un espacio de contrastes

La gastronomía como segmento de la cultura, fomenta las creencias populares y es parte activa de las festividades por su característica de aglutinar las masas en su entorno. Lo anteriormente expuesto se expresa en un vasto número de simbolismos que provocan identidad y se ligan a la tierra, y a la industria alimenticia que permite el desarrollo de la gente, del barrio, que es el espacio físico donde se desenvuelven, y con el turismo como eje fundamental para la redistribución de recursos. San Marcos es un barrio representativo de la ciudad de Quito, lleno de espacios donde sus productos están enriquecidos de historia, amor y celos, sin embargo, no están explotados como deberían, por lo tanto, es necesario promoverlo y fortalecerlo, para hacer de este barrio una parte importante de la gastronomía quiteña. Para lograrlo se toma como referencia el modelo “Propuesta Metodológica para el Ordenamiento Territorial” donde se consideran temas turísticos y sustentables según las características del lugar para potenciarlos. Se realizaron estudios de campo, obtenidos en los lugares de venta de alimentos y bebidas, del párroco y de los vecinos, visitantes y turistas en el barrio. Fue necesario además revisar fuentes bibliográficas, documentos de organismos oficiales y los que se relacionen con el estudio. El método utilizado fue analítico-sintético, el cual se aplicó de forma individual e integral para así poder obtener los objetivos de la investigación.

‘La yaquispala’: prácticas locales, memoria y conservación

Introducción y objetivos: ‘Yaquispala’ es el nombre local que recibe Puya yakespala en la zona del Municipio de Iruya, provincia de Salta, Argentina. Se trata de una planta endémica del norte de la provincia, declarada desde organismos del Estado como especie amenazada y a ser protegida. Si bien en los catálogos florísticos ha sido mencionada únicamente para el Departamento de Santa Victoria, esta investigación se desarrolla en el Departamento de Iruya, donde hemos observado su presencia. Este trabajo busca ser un primer acercamiento etnobotánico a los usos contextualizados de la ‘yaquispala’, así como a las prácticas de manejo locales asociadas a esta planta. M&M: Se realizó trabajo de campo de carácter etnográfico, con observaciones en diferentes contextos, así como entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas con 25 personas (sobre este tema en particular) en el pueblo de Iruya y Rodeo Colorado. Se recolectó a su vez material vegetal de referencia. Resultados: Se describen en términos locales la planta misma y las prácticas vinculadas con esta especie en la zona; con respecto a las prácticas, se describen los usos dados a esta especie teniendo en consideración contextos, momentos y memorias con los que se encuentran vinculados; por último, se focaliza en las prácticas de manejo locales de esta especie, fundamentalmente las quemas y la recolección. Conclusiones: A partir de este caso se pretende aportar en las discusiones referidas a las prácticas locales y la relevancia de considerarlas en los debates, normativas y políticas asociadas a la conservación de la diversidad biocultural.

La ACNdeP y su papel político en el primer franquismo

Análisis de las posiciones adoptadas por la Asociación Católica Nacional de Propagandistas (ACNdeP) y sus miembros, desde el final de la Guerra Civil hasta 1945, momento en el que concluye el conflicto mundial y Franco forma un Gobierno con destacada participación de los católicos. Se trata de comprobar cómo pese a la elevada influencia de las personalidades vinculadas a Falange en la nueva estructura del Estado, los propagandistas van cimentando posiciones en los diferentes organismos oficiales lo que les permitirá, una vez terminado el conflicto europeo, consolidarse como una de las familias políticas más relevantes del franquismo. Durante este tiempo en el que la ACNdeP estuvo presidida por Fernando Martín-Sánchez, los propagandistas resultan especialmente relevantes en los Ministerios de Justicia y Educación y se convierten en actores protagonistas de cara a la elaboración de la legislación del Estado y muy especialmente, como artífices del nuevo entramado jurídico destinado a regular las relaciones con la Iglesia. En este sentido, la labor de José Ibáñez Martín, Luis Ortíz Muñoz, Juan de Contreras, José Pemartín, Máximo Cuervo o Joaquín Ruiz-Giménez, resulta especialmente significativa.

Screen‐printed Electrodes for the Determination of Iridium in Drugs

AbstractAmong the impurities that must be controlled in drugs and pharmaceuticals, metal ions are considered. These metal impurities appear in those products because of their use as catalysts. Although Pharmacopeias recommend ICP based methods for their determination, the use of electroanalytical techniques can be considered as a sensible, selective and non‐expensive alternative for the determination of heavy metal ions in general and metal impurities in particular. In the present work, we propose a differential pulse voltammetric method based on the use of carbon based‐screen‐printed electrodes (graphite, nanotubes or nanofibers) that allows the determination of iridium in drugs at the concentration limits recommended by official organisms. Carbon screen‐printed electrode modified with nanotubes (CNT‐SPCE) is the sensor that provided the best LOD and LOQ (0.03 and 0.10 mg L−1 respectively). Then, the proposed method was applied to the voltammetric determination of iridium in spiked drug samples purchased in local chemists using CNT‐SPCE.

Historia y sociología de la adopción en España

Con este trabajo pretendemos informar sobre el devenir histórico que, desde el punto de vista jurídico y social, ha experimentado la adopción desde la antigüedad hasta nuestros días. También tratamos de mostrar, de modo detallado, los resultados más relevantes obtenidos en las investigaciones realizadas en España relacionadas con este recurso alternativo de protección de menores.Finalmente, aportamos algunos datos estadísticos publicados hasta la fecha por los organismos oficiales con responsabilidades en materia de infancia, tomando como referente las formalizaciones de la adopción en cada Comunidad Autónoma.

SIU-ICUD on bladder cancer: pathology.

Many changes have been made during these last years and concepts for understanding bladder cancer have evolved. We make an update with the latest findings of the WHO (World Health Organistaion) 2016, ICCR (International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting) and other official organisms and try to show the latest developments. In this document we provide new consensus guidelines and insights. We kept this document short and concise providing consensus guidelines to clinicians for the best patient care, it should be easy to understand for a non pathologists. We focussed on several burning issues, such as the anatomical and histological understanding of the bladder wall, the prognostic significance of grading and the most challenging problems in staging, we underline our needs from the clinicians such as clinical information, we further discuss the histological subtypes of bladder cancer, which is an extremely important issue in the light of molecular classifications and give prognostic insights. Furthermore, we discuss the ICCR worldwide consensus reporting, urinary cytology with the Paris system and several issues such as frozen section specimen.

La reforma universitaria y la formación de profesionales tecnológicos

The recreation of the 1918 University Reform that we will carry out, will allow us to visualize the deficiencies that technological professionals training presented in the National University of Cordoba (UNC), as well as to corroborate the level of commitment borne by the students, especially by the Engineering Student Center, since its members were the ones who propitiated the changes that would take place in the national university environment, with implications for other higher learning institutions in Latin America. To analyze the training developed for technological professionals at UNC, we will resort to a selection of articles issued at the University Gazette, which became the official organism to foster the changes promulgated by reformist.

How effective and efficient are social programs on food and nutritional security?

AbstractThe analysis of the impact assessment of social programs allows to identify whether they fulfil the established objectives and evidencing the weaknesses to be strengthened in future actions, and modify or propose new intervention strategies. In Peru, the substantial economic progress since the 90s decade promoted dramatical investments in the social sector, especially on children well‐being, as around 30% of the total Peru population are children under the age of 15, being the age group most affected by poverty in the country. This review was aimed to present an overview of the current situation of social programs in Peru in terms of food (and nutritional) security (FS), emphasizing on the institutional framework and the impact of the social programs implemented by the Government, as well as some social programs implemented by nongovernmental organizations. To this end, information available on the world wide web, including peer‐reviewed papers on databases (mainly SciELOand LiLACs for their relevance for the Latin American region) regardingFSin Peru from 1989 onwards, and information published by the Peruvian official organisms directly involved inFS, was used. Studies addressing at least four of the seven points of the food and nutritional security in Peru analyzed in this paper (access, availability, consumption, biological use, stability, current situation, and institutionality) were considered. It was concluded that investment and resources should be used to improve social programs strategies designed according to the reality of each focused area, as in Peru, the achievements show an enormous potential for replicability of the interventions. Children must be prioritized through child‐sensitive programs, instead of considering them just as indicators and investments for the future—especially in rural areas whipped by the past internal conflicts—in order to contribute to the sustainable development of the country and assuringFS.

Prevalence of Inherited Ichthyosis in Romania

Abstract Inherited ichthyosis in Romania constitutes a health problem of unknown dimension. Over a period of nine months we collected information about inherited ichthyosis patients from three different sources. We found 124 of individuals in 32 counties and Bucharest, the majority of cases being reported by the social assistance services. We characterized our population by gender, age and domicile area and we compared the number of the identified inherited ichthyosis cases to the local stable population data from 2011 Romanian census in each domicile area. The prevalence of inherited ichthyosis cases was calculated for each source of information and in addition we calculated the cumulated prevalence of medical and social source and total prevalence of all three sources, always reporting to the stable population of the domicile county of reported patients. Statistical analyses and interpretation of data for comparing these values of prevalence were used to determine if the prevalence is different in these sources. We realized first a study to evaluate the existence of significant statistic difference between mean values of prevalence in each source type and subsequently we compared how addition of new data to the main source modified its prevalence. We found that the information collected from local counties official organisms for social assistance and protection is the most significant for the final results and this information is different from that of medical sources and other nonconventional sources.

O lugar da experiência e da razão na origem do conhecimento do turismo

Este artigo discorre sobre o domínio material e conceitual do turismo-tese, o objeto da ciência, através dos conhecimentos sistematizados por autores da área e por organismos oficiais de caráter mundial. Analisamos a fragilidade dessas teorias de indução empírica e a atitude positivista onde ocorre uma explícita subordinação do imaginário pela observação do fato. Reconstruímos a epistemologia interna, estabelecendo uma crítica ao domínio conceitual-antítese aos métodos e fundamentos utilizados no ensino do Turismo como um campo disciplinar: o empirismo, o funcionalismo e o sistemismo. Alçamo-nos da sociologia compreensiva de Michel Maffesoli e da teoria da complexidade de Edgar Morin, buscando a construção de um conhecimento turístico interdisciplinar abarcando sua complexidade. A nova síntese é permeada pela análise da epistemologia derivada, onde a relação de sujeito/objeto reconstrói-se organicamente e de forma complexa, estabelecendo-se o domínio da psicogênese e sociogênese do conhecimento turístico, recuperando os valores humanos no discurso científico do turismo.

Selenium and health; reference values and current status of Spanish population

Selenium (Se) has gone, in a few years, from being considered only a toxic element to attribute it remarkable benefits for the human health: from antioxidant and hormonal regulations of thyroid functions to established anti-carcinogen effects. The Se is an essential microelement for humans and livestock, but not for plants, which extract it from soil incidentally. Therefore the population Se status of a area ultimately depends on its presence in soil. In the last two decades have shown that the individual Se requirements are higher than the values referenced given for Official Organism, and that should be considered not only the direct effects of deficiency, but adequate to achieve optimal health through maximize/ optimize the Se-proteins. In Spain, the few studies on healthy people show low Se levels in blood. This fact is corroborated by the low Se concentration on the main food groups. The cereals, more specifically wheat and derivative products, is one of main groups that provide greater Se contribution to the diet. However, the wheat Se concentrations in Spain are low, partly explaining the low blood levels found in the Spanish population. It would need to involve the National Public Organizations to increase the number of studies of this subject, in order to elucidate the extent of Se deficiencies in Spanish population and to evaluate possible solutions.

School of Nursing: 65 years in the formation of health- and life-care professionals

With this special number by the Colombia Médica journal, we wish to participate in the commemoration of the 65 years since the creation of the School of Nursing at Universidad del Valle. This journal, official organism of scientific diffusion at the University, joins this celebration to manifest recognition and gratitude to the founders, directors of the School and to the faculty staff who with their tenacity, vision, and sense of pertinence have contributed to placing this Academic Unit at the highest levels. There have been many contributions during these six and a half decades, but perhaps, one that gives us the most satisfaction is that of having been able to contribute to the high-level formation of human talent in nursing, not only at the local level but regionally, nationally, and internationally. The graduates from the different undergraduate and graduate programs can attest, through their outstanding professional performance, of this contribution to society. This supplement seeks to gather, besides the history of over half a century of our raison d’être in nursing, some of the paths that have been marking the perspective of the School. For this reason, we are presenting themes like disciplinary development in nursing, which reflects the multiple searches for the construction and projection of the exercise of the profession noting that the future raises complex and unavoidable challenges; likewise, the themes of student leadership and counseling make us encounter the tensions experienced on a daily basis as an institution dedicated to the formation of human talent in nursing, given that we are urged to reflect and join efforts to question ourselves critically on what type of human beings are being formed at the University and what society will be built with them. Finally, another path the School has been developing is the use of innovation and communications technologies. This has been one of the bastions that for over two decades have guided our teaching activities. In this supplement, we present the experience that has facilitated the formation in higher education of students with difficult access to classroom education because they have to comply with different roles in society, along with perspectives seen in this area. Readers will also find in this supplement, texts that address the field of research challenges in nursing and reflections on its social responsibility, as well as call to delve into the work process and its relationship with healthcare to permit analyzing the contributions from the different components in the health of nursing workers. Possibly, Reading this supplement will instigate readers’ thoughts, while contributing to solve some of their doubts, but surely and most importantly is that it will move them toward new challenges to think of and act in favor of nursing.

Interactions between astronomical ephemerides and society

AbstractEphemerides are regularly made by astronomers for their own uses. However, the general public is also interested, as well as official organisms, because of the interactions of ephemerides with society. Astronomers in charge of the making of calendars and keeping the time are of great importance every day. Their calculations are also required for the positioning of ships and airplanes. Some ephemerides are also requested by the general public.

El futuro del profesional de la información en la Comunidad de Madrid: propuesta de la <i>Plataforma para el colegio de archiveros, bibliotecarios y documentalistas</i>

Since March 2007, a group of information professionals from the autonomous region of Madrid has been working voluntarily and independently on the creation of a professional college for archivists, librarians and information scientists. However, it is necessary to present a bill at the region’s Parliament to be finally approved into law. This action developed as a reaction against the lack of an official organism to regularise this profession. The professional college will be in charge of representing and defending the profession and maintaining the relations with central and regional governments, the private sector, other professional colleges and universities.

Estudio del abandono de los jóvenes en la competición deportiva

The abandonment of the young people in the sport competition is a present subject, that it can take to us to even question the philosophy of the sports scholastic for young people. The present study tries to demonstrate the index of participation of the young people in the sport competition, in relation to the stages established by the different official organisms, together with the set of practiced sports more, as much of collective way as individual, that they include to the scholastic sport. This study is a descriptive analysis of the present reality of the scholastic sport of the city of Alicante, based on the data contributed by the Municipal Patronage of sport, during a school year.