Official Gazette Research Articles

Costs Analysis of Kidney Transplantation in Spain: Differences Between Regional Health Services

Background: For our society, chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem associated with high mortality, morbidity, reduced quality of life and a progressive increase in health costs. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the current cost of kidney transplantation (KT) and kidney–pancreas transplantation (KPT) among the different Regional Health Services (RHS) in Spain. Methods: A descriptive comparative study analyzing the public prices of RHS in Spain. The Official Gazette of the different communities was consulted, where the latest available order on this type of cost was sought. A descriptive analysis was made of the stipulated cost of the KT and KPT, for each degree of severity, RHS, year of publication and cost calculation method. Mean cost and standard deviation were calculated. Results: KT prices were found for 15 of the 18 RHS (83.33%). The average cost of KT in Spain was EUR 33,926.53 ± 6950.053 (range from EUR 23,140.37 in the Canary Islands to EUR 48,205.75 in Catalonia). For KPT, costs were found for 5 of the 18 RHS (27.8%). The mean cost of KPT was EUR 65,792.38 ± 11,273.12 (ranging from EUR 49,418.81 in Navarra to EUR 78,363.20 in Andalusia). Conclusions: There is a large variability in KT and KPT costs in Spain between RHS. Our study underlines the importance of adopting standardized and updated costing methods for KT and KPT.

Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products: Availability, Access and Expenditure in Italy.

Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are an innovative output of biomedical research, characterized by a high level of uncertainty on long-term efficacy and safety, elevated price tags and often complex administration. All these elements compounded make their European authorization, national price negotiation for reimbursement and subsequent dispensation and administration to the patient less straightforward and often less successful than for less innovative drugs. To assess if these hurdles have affected patient access and how are ATMPs used in Italy, we have analysed availability, access and expenditure of ATMPs in the period spanning from 2016 to 2023. We have analysed real world data on the duration of ATMP regulatory evaluations for authorisation and reimbursement, time to first patient access and expenditure for ATMPs through the Italian National Health System (INHS) expenditure data flow, as well as information on patient mobility and availability of health facilities specialized in administering ATMPs. Of the 18 ATMPs currently authorized in Europe, 9 are reimbursed by the INHS, but only 6 were actually used, generating a cumulative expenditure of roughly 300 Mln€ from 2016 to 2023, largely owing to CAR-T therapies. Time to patient access reaches an average of 340.6 days from the day publication in the official Gazette of the reimbursement decision to first patient treatment in one of the 107 health facilities authorized for ATMP administration, after an even longer evaluation time by regulatory agencies. Since the first reimbursement decision for an ATMP in Italy, back in 2016, these innovative drugs became progressively more and more available, both in terms of numbers and in terms of coverage across the country. Almost all Italian regions have at least one centre for ATMP administration and has performed a treatment in 2023. Notwithstanding their high per-treatment prices, ATMPs currently have a rather contained expenditure, however it is bound to keep growing in the next few years.

THE DIGILIZATION AND CONNECTION OF NOTARIES WITH THE REPUBLIC REGISTERIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

In a time of rapid social and dynamic changes, due to the legal security of the circulation of goods and services, in the Republic of North Macedonia, the need was felt to present the notarial service as a guarantee of safety for the parties, to be achieved through the state their legal security. This country applied the German-Latin model, which today is a safe step. With the independence of the Republic of North Macedonia from 1991, the need was felt for the legal circulation of goods and services. In order to facilitate legal transactions due to their multiplicity, in 1996, for the first time, we brought the corresponding law for notaries. They operate within various branches based on law. Development of the notarial service as a public service, independent and self-contained, where the works of the type of public authorizations are performed based on the law. In 2016, in certain articles, the innovation of digitally referencing the notarial document is established, respectively by placing them in the Central Notarial Archive, which includes: electronic certificate, certified electronic description and their archiving in electronic form. Whereas, as far as data submission is concerned, the recording and entry of notarial documents in electronic form in public registers and electronic communication of the notary with the notarial databases. Today there are several links such as: 1. The electronic link with the Real Estate Cadastre Agency; Electronic connection with the Central Registry; Electronic connection with the Pawn Registry (movables); Electronic connection with the Debt Register; Electronic connection with the Official Gazette; Electronic connection with the Directorate for financial disclosure; Electronic connection with local self-administration units, etc. All these electronic links will be analyzed in this scientific paper!

Investigation of Dust Explosion in Food Silos: A Review

In this article, dust explosion phenomena and the status of research conducted on silos are reviewed. Dust explosions cause loss of life and property in many industrial facilities. There are many recorded dust explosion cases in our country as well as in the world. For example, in our country, in 2023, a dust explosion occurred in the TMO Kocaeli General Directorate (Derince Port Silo), in which 2 people died and great material damage occurred, as reflected in the national press. When we look at the various dust explosion cases that have occurred in the world, it is understood that they mostly occur in silos used for storage in the agricultural and food sectors. Licensed warehouses have been established in many regions of our country in order to store basic and processed agricultural products that can be standardized with the Agricultural Products Licensed Warehousing Law No. 5300, which came into force after being published in the Official Gazette on 17/02/2005, in safe and healthy conditions in warehouses belonging to licensed warehouse enterprise and continues to be established. It is important to understand the many factors affecting dust explosion, such as dust dispersion, properties, discharge, etc., and to design silos according to these factors. These effects are tried to be determined and understood through experimental or CFD simulations.

Forced Adoption of Innovations: The Case of Consumer Behavior with Food Warning Labels in Mexico

On March 27, 2020, an amendment to the Official Mexican Standard NOM-051 was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. The amendment addresses general labeling specifications for food and non-alcoholic beverages. The new regulation introduces three significant changes, which came into force on October 1, 2020. These are warning labeling, nutrient profile, and persuasive elements on the packaging. This study assesses the impact of the regulation on the consumer at three levels: the extent to which consumers understand the five labels, their perception of the image of the product categories and companies, and the potential for shifts in consumption patterns. Similar regulations have been implemented in some other Latin American countries, such as Chile and Ecuador, but the results thus far are inconclusive concerning the actual impact of a long-term change in consumer behavior. With respect to studies conducted in Mexico, this research represents a pioneering investigation into the subject matter. A survey comprising 14 questions was administered, to elucidate the respondents' perceptions and attitudes. The survey was conducted online through convenience sampling with the Google Forms tool. The study was conducted on a sample of 210 individuals, comprising both male and female participants aged 18 and above, who were consumers of mass-produced products that were subject to the provisions of NOM-051. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents lacked clarity regarding the significance of the five black labels on the packaging. Furthermore, the new regulation did not exert a considerable influence on their consumption of processed foods and non-alcoholic beverages. It is anticipated that this research will serve as a reference for companies, government entities, marketing professionals, academics, and all those with an interest in the subject, given that it demonstrates notable findings in several aspects of the regulation's implementation, slightly over a year after its enactment, and the consequences it has had on Mexican consumers and their consumption habits.

Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992

Section 5 of the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992 confers significant authority upon the Central Government of India to craft and modify the Foreign Trade Policy (FTP), a critical instrument in regulating international trade activities. This provision grants the government the flexibility to adapt trade policies to evolving economic landscapes and global market dynamics. Through notifications in the official gazette, the government announces the FTP and any subsequent amendments, ensuring transparency and accessibility to stakeholders. This abstract provides a concise overview of Section 5, highlighting its role in shaping India's trade strategies, facilitating exports, and attracting investments. The provision's flexibility enables the government to pursue strategic objectives, fostering economic growth and integration into the global economy.

A REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF WOMEN LITERACY AND POVERTY REDUCTION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Despite the potential of the strategies put in place by successive governments in Nigeria, women's literacy and poverty reduction for sustainable development, Nigeria continue to grapple with persistent challenges in realizing the full transformative impact of educated and empowered women in the country. This paper examined the effects of women literacy and poverty alleviation on sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper relied on documentary sources of data obtained from textbooks, journal articles, official gazettes, conference papers and the internet. The paper deployed the Liberal Feminism theory to provide a theoretical guide for the study. The paper observed that the relationship between women's literacy, poverty alleviation, and sustainable development in Nigeria is complex and multifaceted and emphasized that empowering women is not only a matter of social justice but a catalyst for sustainable development. It recommends a conscious implementation of policies and programs that should aim to eliminate barriers to education for girls and women, including addressing financial constraints, cultural norms, and discriminatory practices as well as the development and implementation of targeted economic empowerment initiatives, such as vocational training and entrepreneurship programs, to enhance women's skills and make them job creators rather than job seekers, thereby increasing their participation in the formal economy.

EU Minimum Taxation Directive (2022/2523) (Pillar Two) Implemented in Romania

The law implementing the EU Minimum Taxation Directive (2022/2523), which is aimed at ensuring a global minimum level of taxation for multinational enterprise groups and large-scale domestic groups in the European Union, was promulgated in Romania by a Presidential Decree of 29 December 2023, published in the Official Gazette of Romania on 5 January 2024. This article provides an overview of the main features of the Directive as implemented into Romanian law.

“Ignorance of the law excuses no one:” Fundamental Laws Every Filipino Teachers in Educational Institutions Should Know

In the Philippines, everyone is presumed to know the law. Laws in the Philippines take effect after fifteen days following the completion of their publication either in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation in the Philippines. Respondents in this mini research were local teachers and professors from secondary and tertiary levels within the National Capital Region (NCR) with some of them from outside the NCR. Survey questionnaires were administered in this study through convenient and snowball sampling techniques. The initial pulse from the respondents indicated that they have a good percentage of the knowledge of the six identified laws. Most of their knowledge were acquired in attending seminars and conference.

Peningkatan Kompetensi dan Skill Petugas Statistik Diskominfo Provinsi Jambi melalui Pelatihan Penggunaan Software Mortpak dan PAST 4.03 serta Platform Canva

The Jambi Province Communication and Information Office (Dinas Kominfo) is an agency who carry out work based on Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Government Regions, with one of the affairs being the main task and function, namely statistical affairs sectoral. Regional Sectoral Statistics Performance refers to Presidential Regulation Number 39 of 2019 concerning One Indonesian Data (SDI), BPS Perka Number 4 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Regional Sectoral Statistics. According to Law No. 16 of 1997 concerning Statistics, the types of statistics based on the purpose of their use consist of basic statistics which fully organized by BPS, sectoral statistics carried out by government agencies independently or together with BPS, as well as special statistics organized by institutions, organizations, individuals, and or other elements of society independently or together with BPS. Results Statistics organized by BPS are published in the Official Statistics Gazette (BRS) regularly and transparent so that the public can easily find out and or obtain the required data. Law No. 16/1997 also stipulates the establishment of the Statistical Society Forum as a forum to accommodate the aspirations of the statistical community, which is tasked with providing advice and consideration to BPS. These important points realize the implementation of the National Statistical System reliable and, effective. The role of Sectoral Statistics that must be carried out by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics is related to the provision of data development sector, assisting statistical activities in Other institutions, as well as any performance related to the methodology, education, and training in sectoral statistics. Data collection, presentation, and publication of quality data by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, cannot be separated from the role of officers statisticians and data collectors. With regard to this Community Service (PPM) Program, the PPM Team In general, it is observed that in carrying out their work, Field Data Collecting Officers and Data Entry Officers often experience difficulties in terms of classification of data for each sector that is a priority for development, especially sectors Environment and Ecology. Entry clerks sometimes only present data individually descriptive in Ms. Excel, without being processed and without further analysis on certain software, in particular related to demographic, ecological, and environmental data. As a solution to the performance problems of Statistics/Data Collection Officers At the Jambi Province Communications and Information Office, upgrading was given in the form of training in the use of Mortpak software and training in data collection for the environmental sector and ecology.

Semiotic Analysis of Editorial Cartoons of the Philippine Artist

The editorial cartoons of the Philippine Artisan played an imperative role in identifying and stimulating the public’s feelings toward current events. This study analyzes the signs and symbols used in the chosen fifteen (15) editorial cartoons of Philippine Artisan, the official student gazette of the Technological University of the Philippines, in expressing relevant social issues. This is a qualitative study anchored by a descriptive research design. Semiotic analysis was used to examine symbols, signs, and meanings within the chosen cartoons to achieve a comprehensive analysis. It was found that most of the common themes covered by the editorial cartoons were power abuse, corruption, incompetent leaders, a disorganized capitalist system, government inaction, careless solutions, and school-related problems. The publication still provided an impact by educating students about the current issues and opening their minds to what we are currently facing within the university and society. This also concludes that the cartoonists have clearly communicated their messages and their criticism of the current leadership and the call for action.

Problems of Educationally Deprived Children Living in Slums of Lucknow

Lucknow City, the capital town of Uttar Pradesh and Lucknow's district headquarters, is one of India's most well-known political council areas. The majority of the world's population resides in Lucknow City's slums. Poverty, crowded living conditions, and dangerous surroundings are the hallmarks of Lucknow's slums. The living conditions of the impoverished in this city are abhorrent, and the slum dwellers' lack of awareness harms their health, in addition to creating unique obstacles to the establishment of health surveys. There are slums in Nishatganj flyover, Nishatganj railway crossing, and Tedhipulia, among other places in Lucknow. Lucknow, the regional capital of Uttar Pradesh, defines slums and squatter communities as places. Once additional information has been obtained, the competent authority may declare an area to become a slum area by publishing a notice in the official gazette if it is satisfied that the majority of the buildings in the area pose a risk to the safety, health, or morals of the local population due to overcrowding, improper building arrangement, narrower or faulty street layouts, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation facilities, or any combination of all three.

Internal Control as an Aid to Accountability in the Public Service: A Case Study of Ibarapa East Local Government, Oyo State.

Internal Control System (ICS) is the process by which private or public organization governs its activities for effective and efficient operations, reliability of her financial accountability and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. This paper investigated how the implementation of ICS has aided the performance, accountability, transparency and efficient management of resources in the public service in which Ibarapa East Local Government was used as a case study. It is a survey research design and both primary and secondary sources of data were explored. The data were gathered through questionnaire, interview, source document, official gazette, circulars and local magazine (The Ibarapa News), and from key stakeholders, government officials, employees and community representatives. The data were analysed using Descriptive Statistics, the Statistics Process Control (SPC) charts and the non-parametric test – the Chi-Square. Findings revealed that the administrative and accounting internal controls strategies were perceived as normal even with the non-autonomous status of all local governments in Nigeria and also well implemented in line with the council’s management culture and other elements of internal control processes. All the null hypotheses were rejected. The Chi-square X 2c = 23.045 > X 2t = 14.067; degree of freedom (df) being 7 and at 0.05 level of significant. All the control conditions on the Statistical Process Control (SPC) chart were at Upper Control Limit (UCL) except for the Risk Assessment and Exposure influenced by ethnic social problems of banditry and other crisis. The paper concluded that ICS has aided accountability of the Local Government through efficient and prudent resource management, transparent and financial integrity, internal and external audits, prevention of misappropriation of funds, enforcement and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, as well as risk management and mitigation. Ultimately, the study has contributed to the improvement of public sector performance, service delivery, and public trust in Ibarapa East Local Government in particular, Oyo State Local Government Service Commission in general. The study recommended that Ibarapa East Local Government should prioritize the strengthening of internal control mechanisms to enhance accountability by establishing clear lines of responsibility, providing adequate training to staff members, implementing regular internal and external audits, and fostering a culture of transparency, gender balance, and ethical behavior and quick report to resolve communal crisis.

Human health risk assessment of intake Cd and Cu from agricultural soils in Mostar and Tomislavgrad

The aim of the research was to determine the total content of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in agricultural soils and to determine the potential toxicity of different intake routes for children and adults. Two locations were selected (Tomislavgrad and Mostar) where field crops were grown. Taking soil samples and determining the content of Cd and Cu was carried out according to the Instructions on determining the permitted amounts of harmful and dangerous substances in the soil and their testing methods (Official Gazette of FBiH, no. 96/22). A health risk assessment model based on the guidelines of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1996; USEPA, 2002; USEPA, 2011) was used to calculate the human health risk assessment. The measured values of the total content of copper and cadmium at the Tomislavgrad location are in accordance with the prescribed limit values. The copper content at the Mostar location was 205.90 mg/kg, which is above the limit value, and the cadmium content is in accordance with the prescribed limit values. When the HI value is less than 1, then there is no risk to human health, but if the values are greater than 1, then there is concern about non-carcinogenic risks (USEPA, 2004). The USEPA considers a carcinogenic risk in the range of 1×10–6 to 1×10−4 to be acceptable to human health. Calculations for non-carcinogenic and cancerous health risks were following the limit values.

Șerban Cioculescu la Facultatea de Litere și Filosofie a Universității din Iași (25 mai 1946–31 august 1947)

We publish and also comment three documents about the presence of literary critic Șerban Cioculescu as Professor in the Department of Modern Romanian Literature. He was summoned by a commission led by G. Călinescu, whose report was published initially in „Monitorul Oficial” [„Official Gazette”] on the 8th of July 1946. Șerban Cioculescu, in a book entitled Amintiri [Memories, 1981], recalled this episode. But, apart of this, there is a series of episodes which complete the picture. We refer to the juridical and political context. The laws of higher education were adopted during Ion Antonescu’s regime and were elaborated by a group supervised by the Minister of Culture and Cults, Ion Petrovici (1942). Those decision continued to function after the 23rd of August 1944, after Ion Antonescu had been arrested. But, between this date and the 30th of December 1947, when King Mihai I abdicated, the Communist Party expanded its authority and persecuted those who refused to accept the political compromise. Although Șerban Cioculescu would have been nominated as Professor from October the 1st 1946, he lectured in Iassy at the end of winter or in the very first days of sprit 1947. In the summer of 1947, a Govern commission decided that Șerban Cioculescu, among others, would be excluded from the universities on the 1st of September 1947.

Land Boundary Disputes Resolution: A Qualitative Study of Peace and Conflict Resolution between Erinle-Offa Communities in Kwara State, Nigeria

The study focused on land boundary disputes and the resolution challenges in the Erinle-Offa communities of Kwara State, Nigeria. The history of the two communities is laced with hostility and aggression, which has resulted in violent disputes at various times. Quite a number of works have emerged on the causes and consequences of the violent clash. However, the aftermaths of the dispute, especially the tense relationship and peacebuilding process in the area, are yet to be sufficiently interrogated. This study investigated the state of relations between Erinle and Offa as well as land dispute resolution processes in the locality involving complex actors after the last violent clash. It also examined the factors responsible for land boundary disputes between the two communities. The findings showed that negative peace currently exists in the two communities and the land conflict is a perennial one that could arise at any time. The study used both primary and secondary data. The main method of data collection was the unstructured interview, which was conducted with 120 people, made up of traditional rulers, and local, political, religious and youth leaders. Secondary data was sourced from texts, newspapers, magazines, official gazettes, archival materials and the Internet.

Physico-chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Coltan Ores from the Tanganyika Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The physico-chemical, mineralogical, and radioactive characterization of coltan ores has the ad-vantage of facilitating the prediction of the various hydrometallurgical methods to be implemented to pro-duce tantalum and niobium in their pure state, taking into account the content of their oxides and that of accompanying impurities. At the end of this investigation, we noted that the coltan ores collected from the four mining sites in Tanganyika province did not have the same mineralogy or the same chemical composition in terms of tantalum and niobium oxides and accompanying impurities. These ores contain a mineralogy that looks like either struëverite, euxènite, colombo-tantalite or tantalite. Moreover, the coltan from this province presented no risk of exposure to ionizing radiation, given the radioactivity values found by the dosimeter and whose average value in milli-Sieverts per year remained well below the threshold set in the regulations in force in DR Congo. We found an average value of 0.143 mSv/year versus 20 mSv/year featured in the law of March 29, 2005, and promulgated in the official gazette of country.

DODFMiner: An automated tool for Named Entity Recognition from Official Gazettes

Official gazettes are documents published by governments to publicize their actions, spanning long periods of time and making an important transparency mechanism. These documents have information on laws, contracts, and bidding processes, as well as on civil servants and their careers in public service. Automatic information extraction of these documents may contribute to public transparency, with two tasks being especially useful: the classification of the different segments of these documents, the so called acts; and the Named Entity Recognition (NER) within the acts. The variety of official gazettes and their patterns brings up the necessity of constructing different tools for specific gazettes. In this paper, we propose DODFMiner, a command-line interface tool to classify acts and extract named entities from the Official Gazette of the Federal District. The tool follows a 3-step approach: the pre-processing of the input data; text classification using rule-based systems with regular expressions; and NER with Machine Learning algorithms. It allows users to input JSON files and receive CSV as output, providing information that allows users to track government procurements through years, contracts duration and total amount, among others. We also propose a set of experiments to support the choice of models included in the tool, covering the classification and NER steps. Text classification achieved a mean F1-score of 0.778, while to the NER, we compared 3 different architectures, CRF with a mean F1-score of 0.851, CNN-biLSTM-CRF with 0.787 and CNN-CNN-LSTM with 0.841.

METHODS USED FOR ANALYZING CASH FLOW TABLE AND CASH FLOW TABLE ACCORDING TO TURKEY ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

The combination of businesses in the globalizing economy and different countries has led to different accounting practices. Businesses have thus been forced to maintain different financial statements and accounting records for each foreign market in which they operate. With the development of international trade, a common financial report for businesses operating in foreign markets has been evaluated and interpreted. It is to eliminate the differences in accounting of the businesses operating in the international markets and to ensure that a common accounting system is used. In this case, international accounting standards were published. To ensure compliance with standards, International Accounting Standards (UMS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (UFRS) have been translated into Turkish for better understanding and interpretation. Turkish Accounting Standards (TMS) and Turkish Financial Reporting Standards (TFRS) were created and published in the Official Gazette in 2005. Financial reporting standards require that the financial status table, comprehensive revenue table and equity exchange sheet and cash flow table be reported and presented together. Considerations for the preparation of the cash flow table are regulated by the "TMS 7: Cash Flow Tables" standard as a separate standard. TMS 7 was released for the purposes of performing the account period, which started after 31.12.2005. The cash flow table shows the increase and decrease in cash flows arising from business activity transactions and business activities. The purpose of the cash flow table is to explain the variation between an asset item that is equal to cash and cash. The cash flow table traces the collections, payments, and uses for the payments that the business has made. This study outlines descriptions and concepts regarding the aspects, methods and cash flow statement that should be considered when preparing the cash flow table.

HISTÓRIA RECENTE DA EXPANSÃO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL: 1990 A 2020

Brazilian higher education has its origins in an ingrained elitist tendency, serving a public from the highest social strata and with a tradition in higher education. However, there was a significant demand for progression in studies, putting pressure on the government to correct the gap between the supply of vacancies and the demand for higher education. Thus, several policies were aimed at democratizing this level of expansion. The present study seeks to carry out a survey and discussion about public policies aimed at the expansion of higher education implemented in the recent history of the country, since 1990. In order to obtain an understanding of how the current university structure in the country was conceived, and how its audience was characterized. This analysis was carried out through official documents available in the Official Gazette of the Union, as well as published by the responsible public entities. Also included are budgetary data from public transparency and statistical synopses from higher education educational censuses. It appears that the country's social inequalities are reflected in educational inequalities. In this way, public policies implemented aimed at mitigating such inequalities stand out. Faced with the difficulties of structuring the public system to absorb all high school graduates, private HEIs took better advantage of the public policies of that period and continued to expand.