Office Apartment Research Articles

Theoretical and Practical Study on the Establishment of the Taxable Value of Buildings Belonging to Legal Entities

Abstract GEV 500 represents the International Standard regulating the establishment of the taxable value of buildings belonging to legal entities. In order to establish the taxable value of buildings, legal entities must appeal either to authorized persons specialized in real estate valuation (EPI) or to a corporate member, in which case the assessment report for taxation purposes can be made by one or more evaluators with EPI specialization.Our study aims at theoretical substantiation and practical evaluation for the purpose of taxing of an office apartment through the market approach, using quantitative methods. To this end, the value of the asset was determined in an appropriate manner in full consonance for the purpose of valuation by applying the market comparison method, using the comparison criteria that are specified in the case of building assets in the price per square meter and the income method, which takes the shape of an assumed or hypothetical rent that is determined on the basis of the cost that would be borne by the landlord to rent an equivalent space. The available data, information and delimitations have allowed, on the one hand, selection of the appropriate methods and, on the other hand, formulation of the opinion on the value.

Determination of an Outdoor Path Loss Model and Signal Penetration Level in Some Selected Modern Residential and Office Apartments in Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria

This article involves the site specific determination of an outdoor path loss model and Signal penetration level in some selected modern residential and office apartments in Ogbomosho, Oyo State. Measurements of signal strength and its associated location parameters referenced globally were carried out. Propagation path loss characteristics of Ogbomosho were investigated using three different locations with distinctively different yet modern building materials. Consequently, received signal strength (RSS) was measured at a distance d in meters, from appropriate base stations for various environments investigated. The data were analyzed to determine the propagation path loss exponent, signal penetration level and path loss characteristics. From calculations, the average building penetration losses were, 5.93dBm, 6.40dBm and 6.1dBm outside the hollow blocks B1, solid blocks B2 and hollow blocks mixed with pre cast asbestos B3, buildings respectively with a corresponding path loss exponent values of, 3.77, 3.80 and 3.63. Models were developed and validated, and used to predict the received power inside specific buildings. Moreover, the propagation models developed for the different building types can be used to predict the respective signal level within the building types, once the transmitter – receiver distance is known. The readings obtained from the developed models were compared with both the measured values and values computed using some existing models with satisfactory results obtained.

Reduction of Fire Incidents due to Electrical Faults in Buildings

The prevalence of fire incidents in buildings resulting from electrical faults due to haphazard planning and installations have reached an alarming state in the country. Thus, this paper highlights the advantages to be derived from a properly designed and maintained electrical engineering services in buildings. The basic theory, methodology and technical considerations involved in the design and maintenance of electrical services are discussed in this paper. These were in consonance with both National and International regulations governing electrical services design and installations, such as International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC), Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) Regulation, Illumination Engineering Society (IES) Codes and Electrical Act of Federal Republic of Nigeria. An office apartment was used as a case study. In order to ensure safety of equipment and consumers, relevant tests to be carried out in the installation were also prescribed in this paper. Lack of proper design, poor maintenance, sub-standard materials such as cables, luminaries, electrical panels, switches and sockets, in-appropriately sized protective devices, unqualified personnel, up-patriotic attitude and wrong ultilization of electric power were identified as major factors responsible for electric faults in buildings. The paper therefore proffer recommendations to the rampant electrical faults resulting in fire incidents in both private and public buildings and the need to inculcate maintenance culture in their operations to minimise deterioration of electrical installations in buildings.

Edificio Daily Mirror

The building has 18 levels. The Press occupies the 4 basement floors. The ground floor is taken up with the entrance hall, and an indoor carriage way. A snack bar and the telephone operators are situated on the second floor. The production department and the medical services are located on the third storey, whilst the fourth is occupied by the offices and library. The fifth floor is the beginning of the higher section of the building. This floor and up to including the 11th floor are devoted to office space, except for the 10th storey, which contains the office apartments of the directors and the Council Chamber. Equipment related to various services of the building is housed on the 12th storey. Finally, this tall building constitutes a fine landmark in the London skyline. The Daily Mirror building is outstanding for the appropriate nature, the completeness and the quality of its installations, which thus provide the most widely read paper in the world with outstandingly efficient offices.