Of Web Ontology Language Research Articles

Building Ontology-Driven Tutoring Models for Intelligent Tutoring Systems Using Data Mining

Pedagogical (Tutor or Tutoring) Models are an important element of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) and they can be described by sets of (tutoring) rules. The implementation of a Tutoring Model includes both the formal representation of the aforementioned rules and a mechanism able to interpret such representation and execute the rules. One of the most suitable approaches to formally represent pedagogical rules is to construct semantic web ontologies that are highly interoperable and can be integrated with other models in an ITS like the subject domain and the student model. However, the main drawback of semantic web-based approaches is that they require a considerable human effort to prepare and build relevant ontologies. This paper proposes a novel approach to maintain the benefits of the semantic web-based approach in representing pedagogical rules for an ITS, while overcoming its main drawback by employing a data mining technique to automatically extract rules from real-world tutoring sessions and represent them by means of Web Ontology Language (OWL).

Automatic Construction of OWL Ontologies From Petri Nets

Ontology, as a formal representation method of domain knowledge, plays a particular important key role in semantic web. How to construct ontologies has become a key technology in the semantic web, especially constructing ontologies from existing domain knowledge. Currently, Petri nets have been a mathematical modeling tool, and have been widely studied and successfully applied in modeling of software engineering, database and artificial intelligence. In particular, PNML (Petri Net Markup Language) language has been a part of ISO/IEC Petri nets standard for representing and exchanging data on Petri nets. Therefore, how to construct ontologies from PNML model of Petri nets needs to be investigated. In this article, the authors investigate a method for automatic construction of web ontology language (OWL) ontologies from PNML of Petri nets. Firstly, this paper gives a formal definition and the semantics of PNML models of Petri nets. On this basis, a formal approach for constructing OWL ontologies from PNML model of Petri nets is proposed, i.e., this paper transforms Petri nets (including PNML model and PNML document of the Petri nets) into OWL ontologies at both structure and instance levels. Furthermore, the correctness of the transformation is proved. Finally, a prototype construction tool called PN2OWL is developed to transform Petri nets models into OWL ontologies automatically.

Using Category Theory to Facilitate Multiple Manufacturing Service Database Integration

The goal of this paper is to illustrate the use of category theory (CT) as a basis for the integration of manufacturing service databases. In this paper, we use as our reference prior work by Kulvatunyou et al. (2013, “An Analysis of OWL-Based Semantic Mediation Approaches to Enhance Manufacturing Service Capability Models,” Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf., 27(9), pp. 803–823) on the use of web ontology language (OWL)-based semantic web tools to study the integration of different manufacturing service capability (MSC) databases using a generic-model approach that they propose in their paper. We approach the same task using a different set of tools, specifically CT and FQL, a functorial query language based on categorical mathematics. This work demonstrates the potential utility of category-theoretic information management tools and illustrates some advantages of categorical techniques for the integration and evolution of databases. We conclude by making the case that a category-theoretic approach can provide a more flexible and robust approach to integration of existing and evolving information.

Status, Comparison, and Issues of Computer-Aided Design Model Data Exchange Methods Based on Standardized Neutral Files and Web Ontology Language File

Exchanging computer-aided design (CAD) model data among heterogeneous CAD systems is indispensable for collaborative product development. Currently, the industry mainly uses the standardized neutral files-based methods to implement such exchange. While at the same time, the application of web ontology language (OWL) file and underlying semantic web technologies in CAD model data exchange is gaining importance and popularity within the academia. The coexistence of different types of methods has generated a series of controversies and questions within the industry and the academia. Yet, can the neutral files-based exchange methods completely implement model data exchange among heterogeneous CAD systems? What challenges have been addressed to date by the developed CAD model data exchange standards? Why OWL has been introduced to CAD model data exchange? Does CAD model data exchange really need OWL? Are there any issues in existing neutral files-based exchange methods and OWL file-based exchange methods need to be addressed in future studies? This paper proposes to conduct a study of the standardized neutral files-based exchange methods and OWL file-based exchange methods. An in-depth analysis of the widely used standard for the exchange of product model data (STEP) method and the newly emerging OWL methods is first provided. Then, the paper makes a detailed comparison between these two types of methods based on this analysis. Finally, some issues in the two types of methods that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.

Integration of process planning and scheduling using mobile-agent based approach in a networked manufacturing environment

Effective and efficient implementation of intelligent and/or recently emerged networked manufacturing systems require an enterprise level integration. The networked manufacturing offers several advantages in the current competitive atmosphere by way to reduce, by shortening manufacturing cycle time and maintaining the production flexibility thereby achieving several feasible process plans. The first step in this direction is to integrate manufacturing functions such as process planning and scheduling for multi-jobs in a network based manufacturing system. It is difficult to determine a proper plan that meets conflicting objectives simultaneously. This paper describes a mobile-agent based negotiation approach to integrate manufacturing functions in a distributed manner; and its fundamental framework and functions are presented. Moreover, ontology has been constructed by using the Protégé software which possesses the flexibility to convert knowledge into Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema of Web Ontology Language (OWL) documents. The generated XML schemas have been used to transfer information throughout the manufacturing network for the intelligent interoperable integration of product data models and manufacturing resources. To validate the feasibility of the proposed approach, an illustrative example along with varied production environments that includes production demand fluctuations is presented and compared the proposed approach performance and its effectiveness with evolutionary algorithm based Hybrid Dynamic-DNA (HD-DNA) algorithm. The results show that the proposed scheme is very effective and reasonably acceptable for integration of manufacturing functions.

PERANCANGAN MODEL REPRESENTASI PENGETAHUAN BERBASIS ONTOLOGI PADA APLIKASI SIPELANTIK: STUDI KASUS PUSINTEK KEMENTERIAN KEUANGAN

In supporting the implementation of ICT service management, Pusat Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi Keuangan (Pusintek) already have the Sistem Pengelolaan Layanan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (Sipelantik) application. This application is the automation of ICT service management business process, especially in the area of Service Support. In practice, the knowledge generated from this business process has broad enough coverage. However, these knowledges are not easily retrieved. Thus, a model that can describe and connect the knowledge is demanded. This study proposes a model of ontology-based ICT services knowledge representation using the existing knowledge on the Sipelantik application. The Ontology models are developed by software Protege in the form of Web Ontology Language (OWL). Simple Protocol And RDF Query Language (SPARQL) and Description Logic (DL) Query are used to obtain the information and knowledge from OWL models and to ensure that the relationships between concepts are properly defined. Reasoner Pellet plugin is used to ensure the consistency of the built ontology models. This research results in six classes of knowledge (knowledge base, role, service request, incident handling, component configuration, and service catalog) including the subclasses and an ontology model as knowledge of ICT services that can be shared and reused.

Stealthy annotation of experimental biology by spreadsheets

SUMMARYThe increase in volume and complexity of biological data has led to increased requirements to reuse that data. Consistent and accurate metadata is essential for this task, creating new challenges in semantic data annotation and in the constriction of terminologies and ontologies used for annotation. The BioSharing community are developing standards and terminologies for annotation, which have been adopted across bioinformatics, but the real challenge is to make these standards accessible to laboratory scientists. Widespread adoption requires the provision of tools to assist scientists whilst reducing the complexities of working with semantics. This paper describes unobtrusive ‘stealthy’ methods for collecting standards compliant, semantically annotated data and for contributing to ontologies used for those annotations. Spreadsheets are ubiquitous in laboratory data management. Our spreadsheet‐based RightField tool enables scientists to structure information and select ontology terms for annotation within spreadsheets, producing high quality, consistent data without changing common working practices. Furthermore, our Populous spreadsheet tool proves effective for gathering domain knowledge in the form of Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies. Such a corpus of structured and semantically enriched knowledge can be extracted in Resource Description Framework (RDF), providing further means for searching across the content and contributing to Open Linked Data (http://linkeddata.org/). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Web Ontology Language Design and Related Tools: A Survey

The foundation of semantic web lies firmly on the strong foundation of Web Ontology Language(OWL). OWL was developed by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Web Ontology Working Group and has features from several families of representation languages. OWL also shares many characteristics with RDF, the W3C base of the Semantic Web.This paper will discuss how the “thought process” behind OWL can be connected to its older formalisms, with modifications due to the functionalities that OWL had to give. A smooth move from RDF to OWL is made possible by handling every possible situation of RDF in OWL. Also various species of OWL are discussed with their features and restrictions.The recent development in ontology engineering and the immense tool support for OWL is a conformance of its acceptability.

Ontology extraction from relational database: Concept hierarchy as background knowledge

Relational Database (RDB) has been widely used as the back-end database of information system. Contains a wealth of high-quality information, RDB provides conceptual model and metadata needed in the ontology construction. However, most of the existing ontology building approaches convert RDB schema without considering the knowledge resided in the database. This paper proposed the approach for ontology extraction on top of RDB by incorporating concept hierarchy as background knowledge. Incorporating the background knowledge in the building process of Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontology gives two main advantages: (1) accelerate the building process, thereby minimizing the conversion cost; (2) background knowledge guides the extraction of knowledge resided in database. The experimental simulation using a gold standard shows that the Taxonomic F-measure (TF) evaluation reaches 90% while Relation Overlap (RO) is 83.33%. In term of processing time, this approach is more efficient than the current approaches. In addition, our approach can be applied in any of the fields such as eGoverment, eCommerce and so on.

The use of Web Ontology Language (OWL) to Combine Extant Controlled Vocabularies in Biodiversity Informatics Appears Redundant

The use of Web Ontology Language (OWL) to Combine Extant Controlled Vocabularies in Biodiversity Informatics Appears Redundant

The use of Web Ontology Language (OWL) to Combine Extant Controlled Vocabularies in Biodiversity Informatics Appears Redundant

Implementation of PESI requires data to be combined from multiple source databases. Some of the shared fields in the source databases used different controlled vocabularies of terms. OWL DL was investigated as a mechanism to build an extensible, shared ontology of species occurrence terms that permitted the source database to continue using and extending their own vocabularies whilst formally mapping to a more generic shared vocabulary. The merits of this approach were explored and it was concluded that the building of such a complex mapping ontology probably wasn't worthwhile. The level of semantic complexity involved outweighed the costs of simply imposing a flat list of well defined terms onto data suppliers. The main problem with exiting vocabularies appear to be the overloading of terms. A candidate list of terms was proposed.

The use of Web Ontology Language (OWL) to Combine Extant Controlled Vocabularies in Biodiversity Informatics Appears Redundant

The use of Web Ontology Language (OWL) to Combine Extant Controlled Vocabularies in Biodiversity Informatics Appears Redundant

I2T: Image Parsing to Text Description

In this paper, we present an image parsing to text description (I2T) framework that generates text descriptions of image and video content based on image understanding. The proposed I2T framework follows three steps: 1) input images (or video frames) are decomposed into their constituent visual patterns by an image parsing engine, in a spirit similar to parsing sentences in natural language; 2) the image parsing results are converted into semantic representation in the form of Web ontology language (OWL), which enables seamless integration with general knowledge bases; and 3) a text generation engine converts the results from previous steps into semantically meaningful, human readable, and query-able text reports. The centerpiece of the I2T framework is an and-or graph (AoG) visual knowledge representation, which provides a graphical representation serving as prior knowledge for representing diverse visual patterns and provides top-down hypotheses during the image parsing. The AoG embodies vocabularies of visual elements including primitives, parts, objects, scenes as well as a stochastic image grammar that specifies syntactic relations (i.e., compositional) and semantic relations (e.g., categorical, spatial, temporal, and functional) between these visual elements. Therefore, the AoG is a unified model of both categorical and symbolic representations of visual knowledge. The proposed I2T framework has two objectives. First, we use semiautomatic method to parse images from the Internet in order to build an AoG for visual knowledge representation. Our goal is to make the parsing process more and more automatic using the learned AoG model. Second, we use automatic methods to parse image/video in specific domains and generate text reports that are useful for real-world applications. In the case studies at the end of this paper, we demonstrate two automatic I2T systems: a maritime and urban scene video surveillance system and a real-time automatic driving scene understanding system.

A manufacturing system engineering ontology model on the semantic web for inter-enterprise collaboration

This paper investigates ontology-based approaches for representing information semantics and in particular the World Wide Web. A general manufacturing system engineering (MSE) knowledge representation scheme, called an MSE ontology model, to facilitate communication and information exchange in inter-enterprise, multi-disciplinary engineering design teams has been developed and encoded in the standard semantic web language. The proposed approach focuses on how to support information autonomy that allows the individual team members to keep their own preferred languages or information models rather than requiring them all to adopt standardized terminology. The MSE ontology model provides efficient access by common mediated meta-models across all engineering design teams through semantic matching. This paper also shows how the primitives of Web Ontology Language (OWL) can be used for expressing simple mappings between the mediated MSE ontology model and individual ontologies.