Oenopia Conglobata Research Articles

Dietary history modifies the innate responses of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to odors of their prey-infested host plants

Oenopia conglobata (L.) and Menochilus sexmaculatus F. are two important predators of pistachio psyllid, a key pest of pistachio in Iran, the former indigenous, and the latter recently adventive. Aphis gossypii Glover infests understory plants in pistachio orchards and is used by both species as an alternative prey when psyllids are scarce. We 'conditioned' beetles by rearing them for five generations on these prey and their respective host plants (Pistacia vera L. and Curcurbita pepo L.), or on eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) as a control, and measured the preferences of female beetles for plant and plant/prey odors in an olfactometer. When conditioned on Ephestia eggs, both species found P. vera odors attractive, but not C. pepo odors, and although both plants became more attractive when infested with prey, O. conglobata preferred pistachio/psyllid odors over cucumber/aphid odors, whereas M. sexmaculata showed no preference. Whereas conditioning on pistachio/psyllid caused O. conglobata to prefer (unfamiliar) cucumber/aphid odors, its innate preference for the former disappeared when conditioned on cucumber/aphid. In contrast, conditioning on pistachio/psyllid did not alter the innate responses of M. sexmaculata to cucumber/aphid odors, whereas conditioning on pistachio/psyllid caused odors of this complex to be preferred to those of aphid/cucumber. Thus both species exhibited asymmetric, species-specific responses to conditioning treatments that reflected both innate recognition of plant/prey odors, and some plasticity as a function of recent dietary history, which in some cases led beetles to prefer the novel (unconditioned) plant/prey complex. The observed plasticity of innate olfactory responses as a function of conditioning might be advantageous for generalist predators that must frequently switch among different prey types associated with different plants.

Release of the lady beetle (Oenopia conglobata L.) to control the common pistachio psylla

Common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a major pest of pistachio trees in Turkey, which can be difficult to control due to insecticide resistance. This study evaluated augmentative releases of larvae and adults of lady beetle, Oenopia conglobata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) for biological control of the psylla at densities of 25, 50, or 100 adults or larvae per tree in two pistachio orchards located in Turkey during 2016 and 2017. The pest population never reached the economic threshold in trees where 50 or 100 larvae or adults were released, whereas it exceeded the economic threshold in all other treatments (control and 25 larvae or adults release), locations-years except for Gaziantep in 2017. Higher release rates (100 larvae or adults per tree) reduced pest density by >50% on average, with efficacy ranging from 20% to 88%. The results indicate that augmentative releases of O. conglobata can result in additional generations of the predator in pistachio orchards. Although no differences were noted between releases of larval and adult stages of O. conglobata, release of large numbers of larvae in similar stages of development poses logistical challenges, rendering mass release of adults a more feasible approach. In conclusion, release of 100 adults per tree could be an effective biological control option for managing A. pistaciae in pistachio orchards.

Intraguild predation between two lady beetle predators is more sensitive to density than species of extraguild prey

Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus) and Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are important predators of the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a key pest of pistachio. The abundance of M. sexmaculatus has recently increased in pistachio orchards, while that of O. conglobata has declined. We designed laboratory experiments to (1) evaluate the potential for intraguild predation (IGP) between these two species, (2) detect any possible asymmetries in IGP interactions, and (3) characterize the sensitivity of IGP to varying densities of two extraguild (EG) prey, A. pistaciae and Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We measured rates of IGP by fourth instar larvae and female adults (both starved for 12 h) on vulnerable immature life stages of the other species (eggs, first, and second instar larvae). IG and EG prey consumption were tallied after 12 h. All factors influenced rates of IGP, but species of IG predator, and life stage and density of EG prey, contributed the most variance. IGP decreased parabolically with increasing prey densities. IGP on eggs was higher than on first instars, which was higher than on second instars, suggesting palatability declined in later life stages. The larger M. sexmaculatus exhibited higher voracity than the smaller O. conglobata in both predation and IGP. Both species consumed more A. pistaciae than A. gossypii in all treatments, which may reflect either lower handling time or lower food value per prey.

Potential Müllerian Mimicry between Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus) and Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Iran

We report on two lady beetle species, Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus) and Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus), sympatric in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran, closely resembling each other in coloration. This may be an interesting example of Müllerian mimicry. The putative model, O. conglobata, retains its typical pink elytral background with 16 black spots, whereas the locally most common form (forma fasciatopunctata) of the polymorphic mimic, A. bipunctata, exhibits a similar pink background that is otherwise absent in the species. This pink coloration is achieved by a small amount of red pigments deposited over the white color of the lower layer of the elytra.

Functional response of Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) to Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) at two different temperatures

Oenopia conglobata contaminata, is an important predator of the most important pistachio pest, Agonoscena pistaciae, in Iran. The functional response of the adult, third and fourth larval instars of O. conglobata contaminata fed on the common pistachio psylla, A. pistaciae, was studied at 22° and 25 °C (65 ± 5%RH and 16 L: 8D). Different psylla densities of 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 were used. The data were fitted a type II functional response in all the stages. There was a significant difference in the attack rate and handling time of the predator in all stages at 22 °C and 25 °C. The maximum attack rate (T/Th) occurred at 25 °C. The lowest and highest attack rates were 0.046 and 0.154 for adult of the predator at 22 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The handling time decreased significantly as the temperature increased from 22 °C to 25 °C in all treatments. The results suggest that the efficiency of the Oenopia conglobata to control the pistachio psylla is high at 25 °C. On the other hand, the predatory beetle O. conglobata contaminata reacted to increasing temperature by enhanced search rate and activity.

Cold tolerance and supercooling points of two ladybird beetles (Col.: Coccinellidae): Impact of the diet

Ladybird beetles have successfully been used to control different pests. Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) and Oenopia conglobata contaminata)Menetries((Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are two dominant and efficient predators of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllidae) in Iran. In the current study, the impact of two diets, i.e., nymphs of A. pistaciae and eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae), were investigated on the cold hardiness, supercooling point (SCP), and lethal temperature of different life stages of the coccinellids. The results suggested that the eggs of E. kuehniella are a suitable diet for both predators. In general, beetles of O. conglobata contaminata were more cold tolerant than those of C. sexmaculata. The SCP of the adults of C. sexmaculata, feeding on psyllid was about −15 °C, whereas the SCP of the beetles, feeding on the eggs of flour moth, was about −19 °C. However, the diets had no significant effects on the SCP of O. conglobata contaminata. For both ladybird beetles, eggs were the most sensitive stage, and adulthood was the most tolerant developmental stage. No eggs survived at zero and subzero temperatures. The survival of C. sexmaculata increased from 6.25% for adults fed on psyllids to 13.75% for those fed on flour moth eggs after 24 h exposure to cold at −4 °C. The survival of O. conglobata contaminata adults after exposure to cold at −4 °C for 24 h raised from 28.75% for adults fed on psyllids to 42.50% for those fed on flour moth eggs. Regardless of the diet, both beetles were considered to be chill-intolerant insects as the most mortality occurred above the SCP.

Variation in Insecticidal Susceptibility of Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), and its Coccinellid Predator, Oenopia conglobata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer is a key pest throughout all pistachio producing regions of Iran. Pest management depends primarily on the application of chemical insecticides. The lack of compatibility between natural enemies and pesticides is the main concern to ecologists in the integrated management of psylla. The susceptibility of the fifth instar nymphs of A. pistaciae from five populations of the Kerman province and third instar larvae of the lady beetle species, Oenopia conglobata L., were examined against three commonly used insecticides: acetamiprid, spirotetramat and hexaflumuron, using the spraying tower method. Probit regression analysis was conducted on mortality data at various insecticide concentrations using the POLO-PLUS program to estimate LC50 values. Resistance ratio data revealed that usage of pesticides has led to resistance in the psylla population of Rafsanjan. The results showed that the Rafsanjan psylla population (with LC50 values of 40.55, 43.65 and 95.10 mg a.i. L-1, for acetamiprid, spirotetramat and hexaflumuron, respectively) was the most resistant and the Anar population (with LC50 values of 11.92, 24.13 and 81.06 mg a.i. L-1 for acetamiprid, spirotetramat and hexaflumuron, respectively) was the most susceptible based on the LC50 ratios of insecticides. The LC50 values of acetamiprid, spirotetramat and hexaflumuron for the coccinellid predator O. conglobata in the Rafsanjan population were estimated to be 8.76, 5218.33 and 2268.81 mg a.i. L-1, respectively. The predator was more susceptible to acetamiprid and more tolerant to spirotetramat and hexaflumuron than the psylla A. pistaciae.

Ladybird beetles fauna (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia

Ruchin AB, Egorov LV, Semishin GB. 2019. Ladybird beetles fauna (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Biodiversitas 20: 316-327. The paper presents the first overview of Coccinellidae fauna of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Nowadays 46 species are reliably known in Mordovia. Of these, three species have firstly been registered in the Republic of Mordovia in recent years, namely Nephus bipunctatus, Hyperaspis erythrocephala, and Oenopia conglobata. In addition, three species were recommended to be excluded from the list of regional fauna.

Temperature-dependent development of Oenopia conglobata (Col.: Coccinellidae) fed on Aphis gossypii (Hem.: Aphididae)

AbstractLadybeetles are known beneficial insects, with a long history in augmentative and classical biological control. The ladybeetle Oenopia conglobata (L.) is a natural enemy of many herbivores, particularly aphids. The temperature-dependent development of O. conglobata was studied at six constant temperatures (22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5 and 35 °C) to understand its development rate and environmental constraints better. Linear and nonlinear (Lactin) models were fitted to the data. In the thermal range from 22.5 to 32.5 °C, the rate of development increased for all stages; 35 °C was lethal for all stages and no eggs hatched. The Tb and K values for the biological cycle (egg–adult) were 8.84 °C and 263.15 DD, respectively. Depending on the model, tmin values for the total development time of the coccinellid ranged from 8.45 to 8.82 °C. The nonlinear model of Lactin estimated the optimum and upper temperature thresholds for the total development time of the ladybeetle to be 33.2 and 35.0 °C, respectively. High R2 values and low residual sum of squares values revealed a good fit to the experimental data for total development and different developmental stages of O. conglobata. The results may contribute to the improvement of practical methods for mass rearing of O. conglobata.

Diversity and abundance of coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on trees in parks and tree rows of Belgrade

Harmonia axyridis is an invasive coccinellid species that was first recorded in Serbia in 2008. In order to establish whether after its arrival it became the dominant coccinellid species, we investigated the diversity and abundance of coccinelids on trees in parks and tree rows of Belgrade during 2015 and 2016. Thirteen coccinellid species were recorded in these investigations. Frequently occurring among them were Adalia bipunctata, A. decempunctata, Coccinella septempunctata, Exochomus quadripustulatus, Harmonia axyridis, H. quadripunctata, Oenopia conglobata, and Popylea quatuordecimpunctata. All of them had different dynamics of appearance during the vegetation. As a result of this, the values of their dominance in the coccinellid community constantly changed. However, only in the cases of H. axyridis, O. conglobata, and C. septempunctata were those values high enough for us to be able to say that they were dominant in terms of abundance during a certain period. Although the amounts of summer precipitation in Serbia were very different during 2015 and 2016, the trends of changes in the diversity of coccinellids throughout the growing season in these two years were similar.

Predator performance: inferring predator switching behaviors based on nutritional indices in a coccinellid-psylla-aphid system.

Knowledge of the nutritional ecology of predatory coccinellids is important for the selection of efficient biocontrol agents. We examined five species common in pistachio orchards and determined their nutritional indices when fed on the key psylla pest of the system, Agonoscena pistaciae, in contrast to an alternative prey common on herbaceous plants in orchards, Aphis gossypii. Feeding experiments revealed that Oenopia conglobata contaminata and Adalia bipunctata may be more efficient as biocontrol agents for A. pistaciae than for A. gossypii, as A. bipunctata had a high efficiency of conversion of ingested food and a high relative growth rate and O. conglobata contaminata had a high consumption index on psylla prey. In contrast, the nutritional indices of Coccinella undecimpunctata aegyptica, Hippodamia variegata and Exochomus nigripennis suggest that A. gossypii was a more suitable host food. Where both the psyllids and the aphids occur in pistachio orchards, especially under conditions of unlimited access to A. gossypii, C. undecimpunctata aegyptica, H. variegata and E. nigripennis may prefer to move from psylla-infested leaves of pistachio trees and travel to and stay on weeds to feed on A. gossypii. The value of using nutritional ecology as a means of understanding and predicting biocontrol outcomes and selecting better candidates for mass rearing is discussed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Dinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) utilizes both Coccinellini and Chilocorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellinae) as hosts in Kashmir Himalayas

Dinocampus coccinellae is a parasitoid wasp usually parasitizing ladybird beetles of the tribe Coccinellini. A field survey conducted between March and November 2016 revealed three hosts of this parasitoid in the Srinagar district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir: two members of the Coccinellini (Oenopia conglobata and Coccinella undecimpunctata) and one of the Chilocorini (Priscibrumus uropygialis). Proportion of the latter (atypical) host that were parasitized was 0.09 and intermediate between that recorded for C. undecimpunctata (0.06) and O. conglobata (0.14). A series of laboratory experiments revealed that while a member of Coccinellini (O. conglobata) was more often attacked by D. coccinellae than a member of Chilocorini (P. uropygialis), the proportions of each species from which parasitoids emerged did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences between D. coccinellae females bred from O. conglobata and P. uropygialis, with respect to selection of the two host species and their suitability for the development of the parasitoid. However, members of the Chilocorini other than P. uropygialis (Chilocorus infernalis and Simmondsius pakistanensis) were rarely attacked by D. coccinellae and parasitoid larvae did not emerge from any of those attacked. The results of our experiments indicate that in Kashmir Himalayas D. coccinellae is adapted to parasitize hosts belonging to both Coccinellini and Chilocorini.

Prey Acceptability and Preference of Oenopia conglobata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Candidate for Biological Control in Urban Green Areas.

Oenopia conglobata is one of the most common ladybird species in urban green areas of the Mediterranean region. We have obtained data about its prey acceptability and prey preferences. In a laboratory experiment, we investigated the acceptability of seven aphid and one psyllid species as prey for this coccinellid: the aphids Chaitophorus populeti, Aphis gossypii, Aphis craccivora Monelliopsis caryae, Eucallipterus tiliae, Aphis nerii (on white poplar, pomegranate, false acacia, black walnut, lime, and oleander, respectively), and the psyllid Acizzia jamatonica on Persian silk tree. These species are abundant in urban green areas in the Mediterranean region. In addition, we tested the acceptability of Rhopalosiphum padi on barley, an aphid species easily reared in the laboratory. We also tested preferences of the predator in cafeteria experiments with three aphid species and one aphid and the psyllid. Adults and larvae of the coccinellid accepted all of the preys offered, except A. nerii, with a clear preference for M. caryae. The predator also showed preference for M. caryae when it was offered in a cafeteria experiment with other aphid species or with the psyllid. The aphid R. padi obtained a good acceptability and could be used for rearing O. conglobata in the laboratory.

Behavioural and physiological responses to prey-related cues reflect higher competitiveness of invasive vs. native ladybirds

Understanding the traits that might be linked with biological invasions represents a great challenge for preventing non-target effects on local biodiversity. In predatory insects, the ability to exploit habitats for oviposition and the physiological response to prey availability differs between species. Those species that respond more readily to environmental changes may confer to their offspring a competitive advantage over other species. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the invasive Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) makes better use of information from a plant-prey (Vicia faba - Aphis fabae) system compared to the native Oenopia conglobata. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that both species used olfactory cues from the system, but H. axyridis exhibited a more complete response. This species was also attracted by plants previously infested by aphids, indicating the capacity to exploit volatile synomones induced in plants by aphid attack. Oocyte resorption was investigated when different olfactory stimuli were provided under prey shortage and the readiness of new oogenesis was measured when prey was available again. H. axyridis exhibited higher plasticity in oogenesis related to the presence/absence of plant-aphid volatiles. Our results support the hypothesis that H. axyridis is more reactive than O. conglobata to olfactory cues from the plant-prey system.

Aphididae Species, Their Parasitoids, Predators, and Parasitism Rates on Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.)

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to determine aphid species, their parasitoids and predators and parasitism rates on pepper plants grown outdoors in Erzincan province, Turkey. Studies were conducted on cultivated pepper fields in the center of Erzincan province and Uzumlu district in 2012–2013. Samples were collected weekly during the growing season. Four aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, A. fabae Scopoli, A. gossypii Glover and Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) were determined; eight predator species, Orius minutus (L.) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Adalia bipunctata (L.), A. decempunctata (L.), A. fasciatopunctata revelierei Mulsant, Coccinella septempunctata (L.), Oenopia (Synharmonia) conglobata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Episyrphus balteatus De Geer (Diptera: Syrphidae) were determined; five parasitoid species, Adialytus ambiguus (Haliday), Aphidius abjectus Haliday, A. ambiguus Haliday, Lipolexis gracilis (Foerster), and Pra...

Host range and diversity of coccinellid (Coleoptera) predators of aphid pests in vegetable crop ecosystems of Kashmir, with new host aphid/plant records

During extensive surveys for three consecutive years in Kashmir as many as 11 species of coccinellids were recorded viz., Adalia tetraspilota (hope), Calvia punctata (Mulsant), Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius), Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, Priscibrumus uropygialis (Mulsant) (=Exochomus uropygialis), Hippodamia variegata (goeze), Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus), Platynaspidius saundersi (crotch) (=Platynaspis saundersi), Propylea luteopustulata (Mulsant) and Scymnus sp.). these species were observed preying on 6 species of aphids (Aphis fabae, Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae) on 12 species of host vegetables crops. A total of 42 different host/prey aphid-predator couples in vegetable ecosystems are being recorded for the first time from Kashmir. Apart from this, 6 new predator-aphid prey couples on vegetable crops are also being recorded for the first time from Kashmir region.

Response of some beneficial insect species to colored sticky traps in citrus

Colored sticky traps have been commonly used for the sampling of detrimental insect species worldwide. However, there is no information about the catches of non-target insects such as predaceous and pollinating insects by colored traps. In this study, trials with colored sticky traps (white, yellow, blue and green) in mandarin cv Okitsu (Satsuma) trees were carried out during 2011 and 2012 in Adana Province, Turkey. Colored plates were hung, at about 1.7 m above ground level, from the exterior canopy of the selected trees and were positioned to the four cardinal directions. A total of 15 beneficial insect species were captured on various colored plates. Yellow and green traps were more attractive to the coccinellid, Oenopia conglobata (L., 1758), than the other colored traps. Significantly more of the predaceous hoverfly, Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776) and the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., 1758 were obtained on white traps. Green and blue traps were the least attractive to A. mellifera . The yellow, blue and green traps hung on the west side of the trees captured significantly more beneficial insects, but white traps hung on the south sides of outer branches trapped considerable numbers of E. balteatus and O. conglobata . White and yellow sticky traps may provide more ecological data for beneficial insects.

Checklist and distribution of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Iran

This paper is an attempt to fill all of previous literature of coccinellidae records and species distribution in different provinces of Iran. Distribution was extracted for each species from literatures. There are 6 subfamilies, 16 Tribes, 32 genus and 117 species in Iran. The largest subfamily, tribe and genus in Iran were Scymninae, Scymnini and Scymnus, respectively. The most distribution was for species Hippodamia variegate (Goeze), Coccinella septempunctata L., Oenopia conglobata L., Chilocorus bipustulatus L. and Adalia bipunctata L.

Aydın İl Merkezinde turunç Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) ağaçlarında bulunan Coccoidea üst familyası ile Aphididae ve Aleyrodidae familyaları (Hemiptera)’ na bağlı türlerin saptanması, bulaşma oranlarının ve doğal düşmanlarının belirlenmesi

It was aimed to determine the pest species, their infection rate and their natural enemies on sour orange grown for landscape on Boulevards in three different district of the city center namely, Mugla Boulevard, Ataturk Boulevard and Bati Gazi Boulevard, and samplings were conducted in 2012 and 2013. Leaves and shoots were sampled on the trees and examined under stereo binocular microscope every 15 days in the laboratory to determine their infestation rate. Additionally, adult predators and parasitized pest individuals were also collected during sampling to determine the natural enemies. As a result, Coccus hesperidum (Linnaeus), Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus) and Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) were determined in Coccoidea (Hemiptera) superfamily. Four aphid species, Aphis spiraecola (Patch), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), and Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were also identified. Adalia fasciatopunctata (Mulsant), Oenopia (Synharmonia) conglobata (Linnaeus), Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus), and Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and additionally Binodoxy angelicae and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptrera: Braconidae) were found as natural enemies on aphids. Aleurothirixus floccosus was sampled as whitefly, and Cales noacki Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was found to be natural enemy on A. floccosus. The parasitization was the highest in September in both study periods.

Study of Predatory Lady Beetles Fauna (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) Associated with Pomegranate Orchards on <I>Aphis punicae</I> Passerini in the Najafabad Region (Isfahan Province), Iran

Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a biological control agent are a group of beetles with a considerable diversity and adaptation in different habitats. Among aphids, Aphis punicae Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of pomegranate orchards in Iran. This pest reduces plant vigor, facilitate the growth of mold on leaves, and consequently influences crop quality and yield. Study on the fauna of predatory ladybugs associated with pomegranate orchards was conducted that were feeding on Aphis punicae in the Najafabad region (Isfahan province, Iran). Twelve species of 8 genera were collected Sampled specimens were identified according to their morphological, male and female genitalia characters using identification keys. The identified species were as follow: Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758, Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758, Exochomus undulates Weise, 1878, Hippodamia variegate (Goeze, 1777), Hippodamia tredecimpunctata ( Linnaeus, 1758), Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1758), Oenopia oncina (Olivier, 1808), Propylea quatuordecimpuctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Scymnus syriacus (Marseul, 1868), Scymnus mongolicus (Weise, 1890).