Odontometric Analysis Research Articles

Identification of dental sexual dimorphism in deciduous teeth: A cross sectional study

The study of sex diagnosis is essential to reconstruct the biological profile of an unknown individual. Two approaches are often used: morphometric and scopic. This three-dimensional morphometric study aimed to assess sexual dimorphism in temporary dentition.: A total of 200 dental impressions digitized in 3D using the Revopoint® POP2 3D scanner were used for this odontometric analysis. Discriminant statistical analysis (Student's t-test) revealed that boys had higher mean values than girls for all distances measured. A highly significant sexual dimorphism was observed in the temporary second molars. The distance between the mandibular canines was slightly greater in boys, although this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, odontometric parameters are a simple, reliable, and inexpensive method of sex determination. The temporary canines and second molars are the most dimorphic.

Analysis of Gender Dimorphism and Assessment of Racial Variation Through Odontometric Technique: A Cross-Sectional Study.

When conducting a forensic investigation, one of the most important steps is establishing the biological profile of a victim who cannot be positively recognized or is just a skeleton. It has been shown that, among the other clinical indicators, the diameters of dental crowns are a good and dependable source for determining gender in a particular population sample. However, the literature is sparse regarding their assessment as a viable marker for the determination of a particular race. In addition, the need for population-specific data has also been advocated while determining gender dimorphism based on tooth size. To study the bisexual variation in the permanent dentition of individuals from three different sets of populations: Arabian, South Asian, and East Asian. The other objective is to explore the role of this odontometric analysis in predicting the racial identity of the subjects belonging to the aforementioned population. The research was conducted at the College of Dentistry, AlJouf University in Sakaka. Measurements of mesiodistal and buccolingual (BL) distances were taken using a digital vernier caliper on a total of 75 pairs of research models or casts. Statistical tests were run on the information gathered. Of the 75 casts, 38 (50.7%) were of male and 37 (49.3%) were of female. Our analysis showed between genders, a significant difference in maxillary central incisor (P = 0.001), first premolar (P = 0.01), and first molar (P = 0.02) while for a mandibular arch, a significant difference was noted for incisors (P = 0.002) with greater tooth dimension in male than in the female. Concerning the BLdimensions, only the mandibular canine showed a significant difference between males and females (P = 0.001). Comparisons of the crown dimensions between population groups showed that the Arabian population consistently exhibits larger tooth dimensions than the other two populations in both arches. A few crown dimensions can be used as an adjunctive tool for the identification of the gender and race of an individual.

GENDER DETERMINATION AMONG CHILDREN USING CAST ANALYSIS OF DECIDUOUS DENTITION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objectives: To explore the literature search on cast analysis of deciduous teeth in children for identification of their gender, to describe the validity of cast analysis in gender determination and assess that either a diff erence exists between the deciduous teeth dimensions among girls and boys. Materials and Methods: Different online databases were used for searching articles in last 12 years, search terms were “gender determination among children using cast analysis”. Only those articles were analyzed for further review which worked on odontometric analysis of deciduous teeth used for gender estimation while we excluded those articles which studied cast analysis on permanent teeth and mixed dentition for gender determination, review articles and case reports. Results: Three cross sectional studies were included in this research article, based on pediatric population. In all studies deciduous teeth cast analysis was performed. One study showed that maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, molar and mandibular canine exhibit sexual dimorphism. Other study found that primary molars dimensions were signifi cantly diff erent in both genders. Third study concluded that primary teeth dimensions were greater in male than female. Conclusion: This study concluded that primary teeth showed sexual dimorphism, so the primary dentition can used in forensic investigation for identifi cation of gender in children.

Assessment of sex and sexual dimorphism in children from Tamilnadu, India through odontometrics in primary dentition - a cross sectional study with discriminant function analysis.

One of the crucial steps in the process of identification of human remains is sex determination of an unknown individual. Sex can be determined using the human skeleton, especially by examining the pelvis and skull. Odontometric analysis and assessment of sexual dimorphism of the human dentition has been less investigated, especially in primary dentition. Hence, this research was designed to verify the presence of sexual dimorphism through odontometric approach in paediatric population of Tamil Nadu, India.The present study was performed on 229 females and 244 males between 3 and 6years of age. Linear measurements such as maximum mesio distal width, maximum bucco lingual width and clinical crown length were measured inall the primary teeth. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Mann-Whitney-U test was used to check the statistical significance of the differences observed between males and females. Six equations were derived by discriminant function analysis for practical use.Sexual dimorphism existed in odontometric parameters of primary dentition. The maximum sexual dimorphism was observed in maximum bucco lingual width of 51 and maximum bucco lingual width of 75. The equations derived using discriminant function analysis yielded a jackknife accuracy ranging between 87.5% and 99.8%. These equations may be used to assess the sex from the children of Tamil Nadu, India.

Comparative assessment on an odontometric analysis of reported studies with contemporary northwest Indian adult population for their potential contribution towards sex estimation

Comparative assessment on an odontometric analysis of reported studies with contemporary northwest Indian adult population for their potential contribution towards sex estimation

Morphometric Analysis of Permanent Canines: Preliminary Findings on Odontometric Sex Dimorphism.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the morphometrics of permanent canines in establishing sexual dimorphism in the native Arabian population. Methods: Thirty (male = 12; female = 18) native Arabian subjects, with ages ranging between 20–45 years. The mesiodistal (MD), cericoincisal (CI) and labiolingual (LL) widths of the teeth 13, 23, 33, and 43 and the inter-canine distance in maxillary (MaxICW) and mandibular (ManICW) arches were measured using a digital caliper. The gran method was used for establishing sex dimorphism among the study subjects. Descriptive statistics were employed using SPSS version 20.0 (Armonk, NY, USA, IBM Corp.). Results: The comparison of either of the measurements (MD, CI, LL, MaxICW and ManICW) were shown to be statistically significant (p > 0.05). The overall mean values of teeth 13, 23, 33, and 43 for CI, LL, MaxICW, and ManICW were lower for females than males (p > 0.05). The MD width was higher in females than that of males (p > 0.05). The sex dimorphism value for teeth 13, 23, 33, and 43 were 0.98, 0.99, 1, and 0.99, respectively. The standard canine index was high for mandibular teeth and lower for mandibular teeth, and SCI values for teeth 13, 23, 33, and 43 were 0.219, 0.218, 0.257 and 0.256, respectively. Conclusion: The morphometrics of permanent canines are helpful in sex determination with the aid of odontometric analysis.

Univariate and multivariate sex dimorphism in the diverse age group of the South Indian dentition using the polyvinyl siloxane elastomeric impression material

BackgroundIn the South Indian population, an odontometric analysis was performed with the older age group (18 to 60 years) and using the dimensionally stable polyvinyl siloxane elastomeric impression material (PVS) that can create minute detail replicas of tooth structure. Both measurements of buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions of all permanent teeth (except third molars) were taken with a digital vernier calliper on 400 dental models as a reference sample and 80 dental models as a test sample, with the data from the reference samples subjected to an independent samples t test and stepwise logistic regression analysis.ResultsIndependent samples t test divulged that canines were the most sexually dimorphic teeth followed by buccolingual dimensions of central and lateral incisors. All tooth variables were found greater in males, i.e. 56/56 (100%), whereas stepwise logistic regression analysis formula disclosed that the prediction accuracy in the age group of 18 to 39 years was 91%, 85% and 73% using the teeth from both the jaws, maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth respectively; similarly, in the age group of 40 to 60 years, it was 85%, 84% and 83% using teeth from both jaws, maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth respectively; finally, in the overall age group of 18 to 60 years, it was 83% and 75% using teeth from both jaws, maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth respectively. The mean percentage of sex dimorphism was found high in South Indian dentition compared with other populations.ConclusionsNonetheless, the accuracy of the results obtained can be considered moderate to high, and sexing can be achieved using regression formulas for each age group, which reflects demographic diversity.

Odontometric analysis using CBCT for sexual dimorphism in Egyptian-Fayoum population in case of normal occlusion

Objectives of this study was to evaluate odontometric linear measurements obtained from CBCT software including mesiodistal, tooth length dimensions and enamel thickness of the mandibular canine and mandibular first molar and arch measurements for sexual dimorphism in Egyptian population sample. Material and Methods: The study was carried out on 100 patients who visited the department of oral and maxillofacial radiology, Fayoum University for dental treatments. The study sample were grouped into two groups, group A (50 males) and group B (50 females) aged between 18-25 years old. The teeth which were selected for linear measurements using CBCT in the present study were 100 mandibular permanent canines (Lower 3) and 100 mandibular permanent 1st molar (Lower 6), for each group respectively. The linear measurements were taken on crown width and height, Enamel thickness, arch depth and width. Results: There was a highly significant difference between Male and Female for odontometric measurements of mandibular right and left canines and 1st molars including (CWL3, CLL3, CWL6 and CLL6) while enamel thickness measurements showed non-significant differences between males and females including (ETL3 at cusp tip, ETML6, ETDL6 and ETL6 at mesio-lingual cusp tip). Arch measurements including (ICW, IMW through fossa and IMW through contact) showed high significant differences between males and females. Conclusion: Odontometric parameters including mandibular canine, mandibular first molar crown width and length, inter-canine width and inter-molar width measurements based on CBCT imaging show highly significant gender difference. Thus, the parameters can be simple and reliable sexual dimorphism for medicolegal purpose.

Establishment of Sexual Dimorphism by Odontometric Analysis of Permanent Maxillary and Mandibular Canines

Background: In forensic identification, gender estimation is one of the most important parameters. Being the main component of the masticatory apparatus of the skull, teeth are a good source of material for the civil and medico-legal purpose. Gender estimation using dental features is mainly based on the comparison of tooth dimensions. Aim: This study aims at investigating and analyzing the presence of sexual dimorphism in maxillary and mandibular canine using crown dimensions. Settings and Design: The study sample consisted of a total of 204 subjects. The greatest mesiodistal (MD), labiolingual (LL) diameter, and crown height (CH) of the maxillary and mandibular canines were recorded clinically on the subjects with the help of a Digital Vernier Caliper and tight divider. Statistical Analysis: The data sample was computed using SPSS statistical program, version 21. Discriminant analysis was used to find the dimorphism in canine measurements between males and females. Results: This study revealed that males showed greater mean CH and mesiodistal dimensions for mandibular canine teeth in comparison to females. Out of the four canines, the mesiodistal dimensions of right maxillary and mandibular canines and CH of maxillary left and mandibular right canines were significantly different in males compared to those in females. According to the study, the right mandibular canine and left maxillary canine show highly consistent results for sexual dimorphism. Conclusion: The findings support the usefulness of odontometric analysis of the canine teeth in gender estimation. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunct along with other procedures for gender estimation.

Sex estimation by odontometrics of nonadult human remains from a contemporary Italian sample

The objective was to develop an odontometric technique for sex estimation based on dental measurements from adult individuals, and to evaluate its applicability and reliability for diagnosis of sex of nonadult skeletal remains. This study was conducted on the permanent dentition of 132 individuals (70 males, 62 females) from the identified human skeletal collection of the Certosa Cemetery (Bologna, Italy) of the University of Bologna. Binary logistic regression equations were developed based on dental measurements of the permanent teeth of the adult individuals, and these equations were subsequently applied to the permanent dentition of nonadult individuals to estimate their sex. These data show that the canine teeth of both the maxilla and mandible are the most sexually dimorphic teeth in adults, followed by the mandibular second molar, maxillary and mandibular second and first premolars, and mandibular first molar. These data provided correct assignment of sex in 80.4-94.9% of cases, which depended on the measurements used. Of the 26 nonadult individuals of the experimental sample, sex diagnosis was possible for 22, which represented an applicability rate of 84.6% of the individuals. Comparing the sex of these 22 nonadult individuals estimated by odontometrics with the known biological sex, correct assignment was obtained in 90.9% of cases. As a method of sex estimation, odontometric analysis of permanent dentition can be used successfully for nonadult human skeletal remains in both forensic and archeological contexts.

Prediction of Sex from Teeth Linear Dimensions and Indices

Determination of sex is one of the most important and vital steps in forensic medicine. Sexual dimorphism using odontometric analysis is found to vary in different populations making it necessary to attain values of a specific population which makes identification of person as easy as possible. The present study aims to establish sexual differentiation using dental parameters including dental linear dimensions and indices. Maxillary jaw casts from total of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) between ages 17 and 24 years were taken. Mesiodistal (MD) and Buccolingual (BL) dimensions of each tooth of from maxillary jaw cast excluding third molar were measured using precision calipers, dental indices were calculated. Data was collected and statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 20. Bucccolingual dimension was proved to be a better parameter than MD for assessment of gender in case of left central incisor, canines and left first molar. Crown index of right central incisor, second premolars, and left first molars was the best index for sex prediction of most of the teeth.

Odontometric analysis of canines to establish sexual dimorphism in an urban population

Teeth are the most durable part of the skeleton. Under most of the adverse conditions occurring in nature like putrefaction, mutilation, fire and prolonged immersion in water, teeth are the most indestructible part of the body and may survive all these challenges. Due to this, the use of dental morphology to determine sexual dimorphism is a procedure established in anthropological and biological studies. Among all teeth, canines are found to exhibit greatest sexual dimorphism. This study aimed to determine the gender of an individual based on the bucco-lingual dimensions of the canines and the inter-canine arch width and analyse if any sexual variation existed in them. It was a cross sectional study. In the present study, 50 male and 50 female volunteers residing in Navi Mumbai; in the age group of 18-60 years were selected to observe the sexual dimorphism in the bucco-lingual crown dimensions of the canine and difference in inter-canine width. The bucco-lingual dimensions were measured on the study casts as the greatest distance between the buccal and the lingual surfaces of the canine crown with a digital Vernier calliper. The inter-canine width was measured between the tips of the canines with the calliper beaks placed along the long axis of the teeth. Unpaired 't' test and ROC curve using SPSS 21.0 statistical programme for Windows. It was found that the bucco-lingual dimension was significantly larger in males as compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. The difference in mandibular inter-canine arch width was statistically significant. The study defines that the bucco-lingual dimensions are more reliable criteria for sexual dimorphism in Navi Mumbai population than the inter-canine arch width. Thus, it is indicated that the dimorphism in canines can be of immense medico-legal use in identification and gender determination.

Odontometric Analysis of Permanent Mandibular Canine to Determine Sexual Dimorphism: A Preliminary Study

Introduction: Crown diameters of a teeth are reasonably accurate predictors of sex and are good adjuncts for sex determinations. The aim of the study was to determine the reliability of mesiodistal width of mandibular canine in sexual dimorphism.
 Materials and methods: Medical students of Nepalgunj Medical College, Chisapani, Banke, Nepal were selected for data collection. Sample consisted of 300 subjects which included 150 males and 150 females of age group 18-25 years. The mesiodistal width of the mandibular right and left canine teeth were recorded by Vernier calliper. Descriptive statistical analysis was done from odontometric measurements data to calculate sexual dimorphism for mandibular right and left canine. The student t-test was used to determine the level of significance among the parameters measured.
 Results: The mean values for mesiodistal width of mandibular right canine for male and female subjects were 7.1665±0.28576 and 6.3777±0.37875 respectively. The sexual dimorphism for mandibular right canine was calculated to be 12.368%. The mean values for mesiodistal width of mandibular left canine for male and female subjects were 7.3875±0.35506 and 6.2847±0.41115 respectively. The sexual dimorphism for mandibular left canine was calculated to be 17.5%.
 Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed significant sexual dimorphism in odontometric analysis of permanent mandibular canines between male and female with the mandibular left canine showing the highest percentage.

Tooth Crown Size of the Permanent Dentition in Subjects with Thalassemia Major

Thalassemia refers to a group of hereditary anemias resulting from defects in synthesis of either alpha or the beta polypeptide chains of hemoglobin. The homozygous form of beta thalassemia (thalassemia major) exhibits the most severe clinical symptoms. Odontometric analysis of subjects with thalassemia are lacking, despite the wide distribution of the disease and its orofacial characteristics. The aim of this study was to provide detailed descriptions of tooth crown size in the permanent dentition of subjects with thalassemia major and to compare the findings with those of the same population. Dental casts of 46 thalassemic subjects, 25 males and 21 females, aged 7.3 to 23.7 years, were measured for the mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters. Crown size variability, correlations, sexual dimorphism, and summary measurements are presented. All means for mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions in males exceeded those in females, with 18 of the 28 comparisons statistically significant (ranged from P<0.05 to P<0.001, t-test). With the exception of maxillary central and lateral incisors and mandibular first molars, all other teeth exhibited greated buccolingual diameters than mesiodstal. No specific pattern of percentages of sexual dimorphism was noted between the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters. Comparison of the mesiodistal crown diameters in thalassemic subjects with unaffected control group showed that thalassemic males and females have significantly smaller dimensions than their controls, with 9 of the 24 comparisons being highly significant.

Employing Dimensional Disparity of Teeth to Establish the Gender in Odisha Population: A Dimorphic Study.

Aims and Objectives:Determination of sex is one of the most important and crucial steps in forensic science. Sexual dimorphism using odontometric analysis is found to vary in different populations making it necessary to attain values of a specific population which helps the identification possible. This present study attempts to establish sexual dimorphism using odontometric analysis in Odisha population.Materials and Methods:A total of 200 subjects (100 male and 100 female) between ages 18 and 25 years were included in the study. Intraoral Mesiodistal (MD) and Buccolingual (BL) dimensions of 28 teeth (maxillary and mandibular) excluding third molar were taken using digital Vernier calipers. Data were charted and decrypted and statistical analysis was done using SPSS Software version 20.Results:Our study showed larger dimensions of tooth in males when compared to females (maxillary right and left central incisor, 1st and 2nd molar). Interestingly, reverse dimorphism was also observed in few teeth.Conclusion:The results of the present study showed that the linear (MD and BL) dimensions of teeth played a major role in the determination of gender in individuals. The variations or reverse dimorphism could be a result of geographic variations.

Comparison of cheiloscopy, odontometric, and facial index for sex determination in forensic dentistry.

Background:The “gender determination” which is an important human identification procedure not only helps in establishing the biological profile from skeletal and dental remains but also in facial reconstruction of unidentified victims.Aim:The aim of this study is to analyze predominant types of lip prints (cheiloscopy), accuracy of mandibular canine index (MCI) (odontometric), and facial index in the study population and to identify whether any correlation among the above parameters could help forensic dentistry in solving crimes.Materials and Methods:A pilot study was conducted in 100 individuals, 50 males and 50 females aged between 20 and 25 years. For each individual, the lip prints, MCI, and facial index measurements were recorded on the same day analyzed by two observers. All the analysis was done using SPSS version 14 assessed using t-test and Chi-square test.Results:Type II pattern of lip prints is observed as common pattern among male and female. There is no significant difference in Odontometric analysis. The mean value of facial index analysis in both genders shows highly significant.Conclusion:A large-scale study is required in order to validate our results to arrive at definitive results and value.

Applicability of 3D‐dental reconstruction in cervical odontometrics

The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility of computed tomography (CT) images in measuring cervical mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth sizes, by comparing the values obtained by 3D virtual models from CT images with those obtained using digital calipers. In total, 530 maxillary and mandibular teeth of 51 individuals from two Iron Age sites were scanned using a Siemens Somatom sensation 64-slice computed tomography machine, and the images were reconstructed and measured. Values obtained by direct measurement served as the primary reference for cervical measurements. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was assessed by calculating technical error of measurements (TEM), relative technical error of measurements (rTEM), and the coefficient of reliability (R). Results showed that virtual cervical measurements were not significantly different from the actual measurements, and the correlation of the two measurement methods shows that the methods are comparable. Inter- and intra-observer error analysis also indicated high replicability of measurements with both measuring methods (R>0.99). The rTEM values for all the measurements were below the 5% standards for anthropometric studies. CT is a non-invasive technique that allows for an accurate and detailed visualization of morphological features without causing any damage to teeth. Our findings indicate that virtual odontometric analysis is a reliable method, similar to traditional physical odontometric analysis. Currently, the virtual system is likely to be more suitable for fragile specimens, such as archaeological samples.

Odontometric analysis of sexual dimorphism in permanent maxillary and mandibular molars

Odontometric analysis of sexual dimorphism in permanent maxillary and mandibular molars

Applicability of odontometric dimensions and indices in sexual dimorphism among Nalgonda population.

Background:Teeth morphology varies among different population groups as they are exposed to various environmental conditions. Teeth being the most stable and hard tissue, human identification can be made when the other tissues are unavailable. Odontometric analysis can be considered for anthropological and forensic investigations.Aim:The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of odontometric mesiodistal (MD) width dimensions and indices in sexual dimorphism among Nalgonda population.Materials and Methods:A total of 180 ideal study dental models of patients between the age range of 18 and 25 years were collected from the Department of Orthodontics. Selection criteria include teeth with Class I molar and canine relation, free of anomalies, or caries. Maximum MD widths of all teeth and arch parameters (intercanine width, interpremolar width, and intermolar width) were measured and incisor index, canine index, premolar index, and molar index were calculated. Sexual dimorphism was calculated using Garn and Lewis equation.Statistical Analysis:The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis using independent unpaired t-test.Results and Conclusion:Mandibular canines followed by maxillary canines showed greater sexual dimorphism among all teeth. Maxillary right canine index, mandibular left canine index, maxillary right incisor index, inter premolar and intermolar widths showed statistically significant difference between males and females (P < 0.05). The results of this study revealed significant sexual dimorphism with the use of odontometric dimensions, canine index, incisor index, and arch parameters. These parameters could be used as adjunctive aids by the forensic expertise in human identification.

Demystifying the Mysteries: Sexual Dimorphism in Primary Teeth.

One of the critical steps in the process of identification is the sex determination of an unknown individual. Many studies have shown that sex can be determined using the human skeleton, especially by examining the pelvis and skull. Odontometric analysis of the human sexual variation has been less investigated, especially of primary dentition. To verify the presence of sexual dimorphism in primary teeth of local population of Faridabad, Haryana, India. The research was performed on dental casts of 500 children (250 boys and 250 girls, age range 3-5 years). Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown dimensions of maxillary and mandibular primary teeth were measured with a digital Vernier's caliper and were analysed for sexual dimorphism. Mann-Whitney-U test was used to check the statistical significance of difference in tooth dimensions among boys and girls. Differences were found in the mean values of mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of primary teeth, in which boys generally had larger crown diameters than girls. Primary teeth may be used as an additional tool for sex identification of juvenile skeletons where other dimorphic features are not much developed.