Odds Ratio Of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Articles

Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of pulmonary nodules in patients with intestinal polyps.

Associations between metabolic risk factors and lung cancer remain elusive, and evidence on the linkage between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and pulmonary nodules is limited. This study sought to examine the independent association between NAFLD and the risk of pulmonary nodules. Cross-sectional analyses of 1,119 patients with intestinal polyps hospitalized at the Department of Gastroenterology, Minhang District Central Hospital of Shanghai, China, were conducted. NAFLD was diagnosed based on hepatic ultrasonography or computed tomography (CT) findings of hepatic steatosis, with exclusion criteria ensuring patients had no history of significant alcohol consumption, viral infections, or hepatic autoimmune diseases. The currently accepted definition of a pulmonary nodule is a solid or sub-solid shadow ≤3 cm in diameter that appears as a solid or semi-solid pattern on a chest CT scan (our specific treatment is pulmonary nodule size: 5 mm to 3 cm). Adjusted 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs) for NAFLD and the clinical features connected with pulmonary nodule risk were determined using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Among the 979 intestinal polyp patients, the prevalence rates of NAFLD and pulmonary nodules were 25.9% and 32.8%, respectively. Patients with pulmonary nodules exhibited higher rates of NAFLD (31.5% vs. 23.3%, P=0.006) and obesity (41.4% vs. 32.5%, P=0.006) compared to those without pulmonary nodules. After removing all the possible confounding variables, the adjusted ORs for NAFLD, an older age, smoking, and obesity were 1.370 (95% CI: 1.006-1.867, P=0.04), 1.022 (95% CI: 1.010-1.033), 1.599 (95% CI: 1.033-2.475), and 1.410 (95% CI: 1.057-1.880), respectively (all P values <0.05). NAFLD showed a significant association with an increased risk of pulmonary nodules. NAFLD was independently linked to an increased incidence of pulmonary nodules in intestinal polyp patients, which emphasizes the importance of screening and managing these conditions in lung cancer prevention.

Prevalence and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among adult psoriatic patients: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to report the evaluation of the prevalence and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among adult psoriatic patients in a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted across 4 databases of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to collect relevant studies until November 30, 2023, without any restrictions for finding observational studies. The comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0 software was used to calculate effect sizes, showing the event rate (ER), odds ratio (OR), and a 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate NAFLD risk or prevalence in psoriatic patients and controls or psoriatic patients alone. The quality scoring was performed by 1 author based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool. Publication bias, meta-regression analysis, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Additionally, Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) was performed using TSA software. A total of 581 records were identified among the databases and electronic sources. At last, 41 studies involving 607,781 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled ER of NAFLD among psoriatic patients was 29.5% (95%CI: 19.6%-41.7%) and I2 = 99.79%. The pooled OR of NAFLD in psoriatic patients compared to controls was 1.685 (95%CI: 1.382-2.055; P < .001) and I2 = 87.96%. The study found a significant link between psoriasis and NAFLD, with psoriatic patients having a higher chance of developing NAFLD compared to the controls. The study calls for regular NAFLD screening in psoriatic patients to prevent liver complications.

Relation between Body Composition Trajectories from Childhood to Adolescence and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Risk.

NAFLD has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children, as a direct consequence of the high prevalence of childhood obesity. This study aimed to characterize body composition trajectories from childhood to adolescence and their association with the risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) during adolescence. The participants were part of the 'Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study', comprising 784 children who were followed prospectively from age 3 years. Annual assessments of nutritional status and body composition were conducted, with ultrasound screening for NAFLD during adolescence revealing a 9.8% prevalence. Higher waist circumference measures were associated with NAFLD from age 3 years (p = 0.03), all skin folds from age 4 years (p < 0.01), and DXA body fat measurements from age 12 years (p = 0.01). The fat-free mass index was higher in females (p = 0.006) but not in males (p = 0.211). The second and third tertiles of the fat mass index (FMI) had odds ratios for NAFLD during adolescence of 2.19 (1.48-3.25, 95% CI) and 6.94 (4.79-10.04, 95% CI), respectively. Elevated waist circumference, skin folds, and total body fat were identified as risk factors for future NAFLD development. A higher FMI during childhood was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD during adolescence.

Sigmoidal relationship between liver fat content and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults.

To explore the relationship between liver fat content (LFC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and determine the new threshold of LFC to diagnose NAFLD. The data from questionnaire survey, general physical examination, laboratory examination, and image examination were collected. Multivariate regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis were performed using the R software to investigate the relationship between LFC and NAFLD and to identify the new threshold of LFC to diagnose NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLD was 30.42%, with a significantly higher prevalence in men than in women. Regression analyses demonstrated that LFC odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.24-1.31) in fully-adjust model. Analysis of the LFC quartile, with Q1 as a reference, revealed that the odds ratios of NAFLD were 1.47 (95% CI: 1.08-1.99), 2.29 (95% CI: 1.72-3.06), and 10.02 (95% CI: 7.45-13.47) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups, respectively. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis displayed a nonlinear relationship between LFC and NAFLD, and the threshold was 4.5%. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that when LFC was 4.5%, the area under curve (95% CI) was 0.80 (0.79-0.82), and the sensitivity and specificity of LFC in diagnosing NAFLD were 0.64% and 0.82%, respectively. The relationship between LFC and NAFLD was sigmoidal, with an inflection point of 4.5%.

Combined Effect of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Predicting Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are the most widely used anthropometric indices for identifying obesity. This study aimed to compare and clarify the usefulness of BMI, WC, and the combination of these two indicators in predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 15,267 Korean adults. We defined four obesity categories using BMI and WC as follows: BMI nonobese and WC nonobese (BNWN); BMI obese and WC nonobese (BOWN); BMI nonobese and WC obese (BNWO); and BMI obese and WC obese (BOWO). Analysis of variance was used to compare fatty liver severity across each category. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD were calculated using multiple logistic regression. Results: Compared with BNWN, participants with BNWO were 3.235 (95% CI: 2.774-3.773) times more likely and participants with BOWN were 2.344 (95% CI: 2.045-2.687) times more likely to have NAFLD. Participants with BNWO had higher OR for NAFLD than those with BOWN. Moreover, BOWO participants had the highest OR of 4.788 (95% CI: 4.350-5.270) for NAFLD among all obesity categories. Conclusion: Combined obesity classification by BOWO is the most reliable indicator for NAFLD presence in Korean adults.

1368-P: Relative Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease between Women and Men according to Glycemic Status

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is no current study for NAFLD risk stratification by sex and glycemic status. We investigated whether different glycemic status may interfere with metabolic effects affecting NAFLD according to sex. Methods: A total of 552 patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and diabetes, were evaluated for odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) for NAFLD (above steatosis stage 1) in cross-sectional and longitudinal study, respectively. Univariate analyses and subgroup analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for developing NAFLD according to sex and glycemic status. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were determined using transient elastography and body composition was analyzed by Inbody. Results: In cross-sectional study, men with prediabetes and diabetes exhibited greater relative differences in metabolic syndrome, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol than women with prediabetes and diabetes when compared with their NGT counterparts. There was no difference in OR for NAFLD observed comparing women and men with prediabetes or diabetes. After 2.6 years of follow up, we found that women with prediabetes showed significantly increased HR (HR 1.81; 95% CI 1.01-3.26; p = 0.049) of NAFLD than men with prediabetes (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.54-1.30; p =0.42), even after adjusting several confounders. Visceral fat area was significantly higher in women with prediabetes and diabetes compared to men throughout the study. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR≥2.5) was prediabetes-specific risk factor, contributing for prevalent NAFLD (OR 6.56; 95% CI 1.15-37.31; p=0.034) without interaction between sex and insulin resistance (p=0.99). Conclusions: Women with prediabetes showed higher risk for developing NAFLD compared to men due to greater burden of metabolic dysregulation between adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Disclosure H.Kim: None. S.Lee: None. M.Lee: None. Y.Lee: None. E.Kang: None. B.Cha: None.

Independent and Synergistic Associations of Aerobic Physical Activity and Resistance Exercise with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic association of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a nationwide representative database. This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2007 and 2010. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the independent and synergistic (additive interaction) associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with NAFLD after adjusting for multiple covariates. The prevalence of NAFLD was 26.2% for men and 17.6% for women. In the fully adjusted multiple logistic regression model to examine the independent association of aerobic physical activity or resistance exercise with NAFLD, the odds ratios for NAFLD were significantly decreased in both men (p=0.03) and women (p<0.01) who had highly active aerobic physical activity. Regarding the frequency of resistance exercise, the odds ratio for NAFLD was decreased in men who did resistance exercise ≥5 days per week (p=0.04), but not in women (p=0.19). However, when investigating the synergistic associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise, the odds ratios for NAFLD significantly decreased when the frequency of both exercises increased together in both men (p for interaction <0.01) and women (p for interaction<0.01). Combining aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise had a synergistic preventive association for NAFLD in Korean men and women.

Ideal cardiovascular health metrics and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults

BackgroundThe association between cardiovascular risk factors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is well established, but whether cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics is associated with NAFLD had not been fully studied. Thus, we examined the association between CVH metrics and NAFLD in the middle-aged Korean population.MethodsWe used data of 2,928 (851 men and 2,077 women) participants aged 30–64 years from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center study. CVH metrics were measured using a modified version of Life’s Simple 7 by the American Heart Association. NAFLD diagnosis was based on the fatty liver index or liver-to-spleen ratio on computed tomography. A multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between CVH metrics and NAFLD.ResultsIn the cross-sectional analysis, the odds ratio for NAFLD was lower in participants with ideal CVH (odds ratio [OR], 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08–0.18), while it was higher in individuals with poor CVH (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.13–3.86). Similarly, the risk of new-onset NAFLD was lower in participants with ideal CVH (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11–0.74), and higher in individuals with poor CVH (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 0.50–9.72) in the longitudinal analysis of a subgroup.ConclusionsIdeal CVH was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD while poor CVH was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. These findings suggest that making efforts to encourage people to manage their CVH to the ideal level may prevent and manage NAFLD.

Serum glycolipids mediate the relationship of urinary bisphenols with NAFLD: analysis of a population-based, cross-sectional study

BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) and its substitutes bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals widely used in consumer products, which have been proposed to induce various human diseases. In western countries, one of the most common liver diseases is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, studies on the associations of the three bisphenols with NAFLD in human beings are scarce.MethodsWe included 960 participants aged ≥ 20 years from the NHANES 2013–16 who had available data on levels of urinary BPA, BPS and BPF. The hepatic steatosis index (HSI) > 36 was used to predict NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis and mediation effect analysis were used to evaluate the associations among bisphenols, glycolipid-related markers and NAFLD.ResultsA total of 540 individuals (56.3%) were diagnosed with NAFLD, who had higher concentrations of BPA and BPS but not BPF than those without NAFLD. An increasing trend in NAFLD risks and HSI levels was observed among BPA and BPS tertiles (p for trend < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, elevated levels of BPA or BPS but not BPF were significantly associated with NAFLD. The odds ratio for NAFLD was 1.581 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.1–2.274, p = 0.013) comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of BPA and 1.799 (95%CI: 1.2462.597, p = 0.002) for BPS. Mediation effect analysis indicated that serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose had a mediating effect on the relationships between bisphenols and NAFLD.ConclusionsThe present study showed that high exposure levels of BPA and BPS increased NAFLD incidence, which might be mediated through regulating glycolipids metabolism. Further studies on the role of bisphenols in NAFLD are warranted.

Long-chain saturated fatty acids and its interaction with insulin resistance and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes in Chinese.

This study aimed to explore relationships between long-chain saturated fatty acids (LSFAs) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D); and whether insulin action had an interactive effect with LSFAs on NAFLD progression. From April 2018 to April 2019, we extracted the electronic medical records of 481 patients with T2D who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. Ultrasound was used to estimate NAFLD at admission. Logistic regression analysis were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The additive interaction was carried out to estimate interactions between LSFAs and insulin resistance (IR) in NAFLD patients with T2D. Myristic acid (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0) were positively associated with the risk of NAFLD (OR for myristic acid (14:0): 7.516, 3.557-15.882 and OR for palmitic acid (16:0): 4.071, 1.987-8.343, respectively). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, these associations were slightly attenuated but still highly significant. Co-presence of myristic acid (14:0)>72.83 μmol/L and IR>4.89 greatly increased OR of NAFLD to 9.691 (4.113-22.833). Similarly, co-presence of palmitic acid (16:0)>3745.43μmol/L and IR>4.89 greatly increased OR of NAFLD to 6.518(2.860-14.854). However, stearic acid (18:0) and risk of NAFLD have no association. Moreover, there was no association between very-long-chain SFAs (VLSFAs) and risk of NAFLD. Myristic acid (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0) were positively associated with the risk of NAFLD in T2D patients in China. High IR amplified the effect of high myristic acid (14:0) and high palmitic acid (16:0) on NAFLD.

The association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease between parents and adolescent children.

Data reporting the heritability of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly variable. To investigate the association of NAFLD between parents and their adolescent children using a nationwide, population-based cohort. We analysed 1737 families with both parents and adolescent children aged 12-18 who participated in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) between 2010 and 2019. NAFLD was defined by body mass index and elevated alanine aminotransferase levels in children and by the hepatic steatosis index in parents. The prevalence of NAFLD in adolescent children with either parent with NAFLD was higher than that in those without a parent with NAFLD (10.2% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.001). In a model fully adjusted for demographic, nutritional, behavioural and metabolic risk factors, children with either parent with NAFLD had a higher odds ratio (OR) for NAFLD (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.02-3.00) thanthose without a parent with NAFLD. Compared to those without a parent with NAFLD, the fully adjusted ORs of NAFLD in children with paternal NAFLD, maternal NAFLD and NAFLD in both parents were 1.80 (95% CI: 1.01-3.20), 2.21 (95% CI: 1.11-4.42) and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.03-6.54), respectively. Adolescent children with a parent with NAFLD were at increased risk of NAFLD; risk was higherwhen both parents had NAFLD. Further studies are needed to explore the benefit of NAFLD screening in children who have a parent with NAFLD.

Value of the triglyceride glucose index combined with body mass index in identifying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundThe triglyceride glucose index combined with body mass index is a new index that reflects the degree of insulin resistance. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore the predictive value of the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) in relation to the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Chinese population with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe selected 826 patients with T2D who were hospitalized at the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Karamay People’s Hospital from September 2016 to October 2018 for this research. The height, weight, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and lipid profiles of the subjects were collected. The liver ultrasound showed any degree of echogenic enhancement of liver tissue and the liver appeared brighter than the renal cortex on ultrasound were considered to be NAFLD. The logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate associations between the triglyceride glucose index (TyG), TyG-BMI index, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and the ratio of the triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol with a diagnosis of NAFLD. The receiver operating characteristic curve method was used to analyze its predictive value for NAFLD.ResultsResults of the logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of NAFLD were 6.535 (3.70–11.53) and 4.868 (2.576–9.200) for the TyG-BMI before and after correction,respectively(P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for TyG-BMI was 0.727 (0.691–0.764), which was the highest among all the other parameters studied.ConclusionCompared with the TyG index, the TG/HDL-C and HOMA-IR, the TyG-BMI was a more effective predictor of NAFLD in T2D.

Interactions of physical activity, muscular fitness, adiposity, and genetic risk for NAFLD.

Genetic predisposition and unhealthy lifestyle are risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether the genetic risk of NAFLD is modified by physical activity, muscular fitness, and/or adiposity. In up to 242,524 UK Biobank participants without excessive alcohol intake or known liver disease, we examined cross‐sectional interactions and joint associations of physical activity, muscular fitness, body mass index (BMI), and a genetic risk score (GRS) with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and the proxy definition for suspected NAFLD of ALT levels > 30 U/L in women and >40 U/L in men. Genetic predisposition to NAFLD was quantified using a GRS consisting of 68 loci known to be associated with chronically elevated ALT. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometry, and muscular fitness was estimated by measuring handgrip strength. We found that increased physical activity and grip strength modestly attenuate genetic predisposition to elevation in ALT levels, whereas higher BMI markedly amplifies it (all p values < 0.001). Among those with normal weight and high level of physical activity, the odds of suspected NAFLD were 1.6‐fold higher in those with high versus low genetic risk (reference group). In those with high genetic risk, the odds of suspected NAFLD were 12‐fold higher in obese participants with low physical activity versus those with normal weight and high physical activity (odds ratio for NAFLD = 19.2 and 1.6, respectively, vs. reference group). Conclusion: In individuals with high genetic predisposition for NAFLD, maintaining a normal body weight and increased physical activity may reduce the risk of NAFLD.

Visit-to-Visit Fasting Glucose Variability in Young Adulthood and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle Age.

Diabetes has a bidirectional association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increases the risk of cirrhosis and related complications. To investigate the association between visit-to-visit fasting glucose (FG) variability in early adulthood and NAFLD in middle age. This prospective cohort study included 2467 Black and White adults aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985-1986) who were followed over 25 years in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. FG variability measures included coefficient of variation about the mean FG (CV-FG), the SD of FG (SD-FG), and the average real variability of FG (ARV-FG) across 25 years (year 0, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 examinations). NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation ≤ 40 Hounsfield units on computed tomography scan at year 25 examination after excluding other causes of hepatic steatosis. Of the 2467 participants, 241 (9.8%) had NAFLD at year 25. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratio for NAFLD was 2.80 (95% CI, 1.69-4.64; P trend < 0.001) for the fourth quartile vs first quartile of CV-FG after adjusting for confounding variables, including mean FG. Similar results were observed for SD-FG and ARV-FG. Greater visit-to-visit FG variability in early adulthood was associated with higher risk of NAFLD in middle age independent of mean FG level. FG variability may help identify individuals at high risk for NAFLD.

Gender-Based Association of Coronary Artery Calcification and Framingham Risk Score With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Abdominal Obesity in Taiwanese Adults, a Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundIt is not certain whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or abdominal obesity (AO) has stronger associations with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk across different genders. The purpose of this study was to determine the gender-based association of NAFLD and AO with subclinical atherosclerosis represented by coronary artery calcification (CAC) and CAD risk by Framingham risk score (FRS).MethodsA total of 1,655 participants in a health-screening program (mean age: 49.44 years; males: 70.33%) were enrolled for analysis. Fatty liver and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) were measured via ultrasonography (US) and multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). The presence of CAC was defined as having a CACS > 0, intermediate to high CAD risk was defined as FRS ≥ 10%, while the presence of AO was defined as having a waist circumference (WC) of ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women. Participants were categorized into four groups depending on the presence or absence of NAFLD and/or AO.ResultsThe percentage of subjects with CACS > 0 was highest in the AO-only group (overall: 42.6%; men: 48.4%; women: 35.8%); and FRS ≥ 10% was highest in the group with both abnormalities (overall: 50.3%%; men: 57.3%; women: 32.4%). After adjustment factors, the odds ratio (OR) for CAC and FRS was the highest in the group with both abnormalities [men: 1.61 (1.13–2.30) for CACS > 0 and 5.86 (3.37–10.20) for FRS ≥ 10%; women: 2.17 (1.13–4.16) for CACS > 0 and 6.31 (2.08–19.10) for FRS ≥ 10%]. In men, the OR of NAFLD was higher than that of AO [1.37 (1.03–1.83) vs. 1.35 (1.02–1.79) for CACS > 0, 3.26 (2.13–4.98) vs. 2.97 (1.91–4.62) for FRS ≥ 10%]. However, women with AO consistently showed increased OR for CACS > 0 [1.87 (1.11–3.16)] and FRS ≥ 10% [4.77 (2.01–11.34)].ConclusionThe degree of association of NAFLD and AO with CAC and FRS depends on the gender. NAFLD is more closely associated with CACS > 0 and FRS ≥ 10% in men and AO in women, respectively. NAFLD and AO could be considered independent determinants of CAC and FRS by gender.

A low follicle-stimulating hormone level is a protective factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in older men aged over 80

PurposeRecent studies have suggested the significant relationship between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in postmenopausal women. However, it is unknown whether FSH impacts the risk of NAFLD in men. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum FSH levels and NAFLD in elderly Chinese men aged 80–98, a particular group with worse outcomes of NAFLD.Patients and methodsA cross-sectional analysis was performed in 444 subjects in a geriatric health center. The highest quartile of serum FSH was used as reference. Hepatic steatosis was defined according to the results of liver ultrasound. Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) Index > 2.67 was defined as advanced fibrosis.ResultsBased on liver ultrasound, 108 (24.3%) subjects had NAFLD. FSH level were negatively correlated with total testosterone, estradiol, nutritional risk, and the prevalence of high education level (all P < 0.01), and positively correlated with age, luteinizing hormone, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (all P < 0.05). The correlation between FSH and body mass index or antihypertensive drug usage was marginally significant (P = 0.057; P = 0.066, respectively). The percentage of subjects with NAFLD had a trend to increase following the quartiles of serum FSH (20.0% in quartile 1, 18.2% in quartile 2, 27.3% in quartile 3, and 31.6% in quartile 4). After adjustment for common pathogenic risk factors, nutritional risk, and other sex hormones, serum FSH were progressively associated with odds ratios for NAFLD. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for quartile 1, quartile 2, and quartile 3, compared with quartile 4 were 0.132 (0.034–0.516), 0.190 (0.052–0.702), and 0.404 (0.139–1.173), respectively. Obesity was not involved in the potential negative role of circulating FSH on the risk of NAFLD in our population. Furthermore, our results revealed no significant association between FSH and advance fibrosis, the OR (95% CI) for advanced fibrosis was 1.018 (0.983–1.054) (P = 0.316) after adjusting for the potential covariates, although a positive correlation of FSH and FIB-4 score was observed (r = 0.325, P = 0.001).ConclusionLow FSH level may decrease the risk of NAFLD in elderly Chinese men. These findings warrant replication in more extensive studies.

Serum creatinine levels and risk of nonalcohol fatty liver disease in a middle-aged and older Chinese population: A cross-sectional analysis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now regarded as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent research has suggested that serum creatinine (SCr) may be an indicator of MetS and its related diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between SCr and NAFLD in Chinese adults. A cross-sectional sample of 8862 subjects aged 40years or older (40-73years) from China were analysed in this study. The anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests, and hepatic ultrasonography were conducted. NAFLD presence was defined by hepatic ultrasound in the absence of other liver diseases. NAFLD subjects had higher SCr than those without NAFLD (66.8μmol/L vs. 65.6μmol/L, p<0.001). Moreover, SCr levels were correlated with alanine aminotransferase (β=0.099, p<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (β=0.135, p<0.001), γ-glutamyltransferase (β=0.039, p<0.001), and insulin resistance (β=0.027, p=0.014) after adjusted for potential covariates. In the multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses, compared to the first SCr quintile, the odds ratio for NAFLD was 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.14-1.60, p<0.001) for the fifth quintile after adjusting multiple measured confounders. SCr concentration is independently associated with NAFLD in a middle aged and older Chinese population. Elevated SCr levels, even within normal ranges, were associated with higher risk of NAFLD.

Relationship between serum uric acid level and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes patients.

This study aimed to investigate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).T2DM patients hospitalized in the Department of Hepatology, Yantai Qishan Hospital, between April 2012 and December 2018 were classified into the NAFLD group and the non-NAFLD group. Clinical data, glucose and lipid metabolism biomarkers, and liver and kidney function parameters were retrospectively collected.Five hundred eighty-three T2DM patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 227 patients were included in the non-NAFLD group and 356 patients were included in the NAFLD group. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that SUA was positively correlated with body mass index (P = .003), triglycerides (P = .009), aspartate aminotransferase (P = .036), and alanine aminotransferase (P = .038) and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < .001) in T2DM patients. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that after adjusting for confounding factors, the SUA tertile was still significantly associated with NAFLD occurrence in T2DM patients (P for trend = .008). With reference to SUA tertile I, the odds ratios for NAFLD in the SUA tertile II and tertile III groups were 1.729 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.086–2.753) and 2.315 (95% CI: 1.272–4.213), respectively.The level of SUA in T2DM patients was associated with the occurrence of NAFLD. Elevated SUA was associated with a significantly increased prevalence of NAFLD. The SUA level was an independent risk factor for NAFLD occurrence in patients with T2DM.

Association between blood copper and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease according to sex

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease with potential sex-based difference in the prevalence and prognosis. Copper deficiency may affect the antioxidant defense system and lead to the progression of NAFLD. This study aimed to evaluate the association between blood copper and NAFLD according to sex difference. A case-control study of 1816 cases of NAFLD and 1111 sex- and age-matched control cases was conducted in Tangshan, China, from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017, based on the Kailuan cohort. In men and women, logistic regression analysis was separately applied to determine the risk of NAFLD, severity of NAFLD based on hepatic steatosis, the NAFLD fibrosis score, and fibrosis-4 score, for each quartile of blood copper with the lowest quartile as the reference. In addition, the effect of metabolic syndrome on the association between copper and NAFLD was assessed. In men, blood copper concentration was lower in the NAFLD group (mean±SD: 0.617±0.117μg/mL) than in the control group (mean±SD: 0.655±0.133μg/mL) (P<0.001). After adjustment for possible confounders, the odds ratio of NAFLD at the highest quartile of copper compared to the lowest quartile was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.41-0.80) and the protective effect of higher blood copper was increased with the severity of NAFLD. In the results of stratified analysis, lower copper concentration was a significant additional factor that contributed to higher risk of NAFLD in male subjects with metabolic syndrome. However, no significant association was observed between copper and NAFLD in women with different characteristics, except an NAFLD fibrosis score<-1.455 and moderate hepatic steatosis. Higher copper levels achieved significant protective effect against NAFLD in men but not in women. Sex-specific intervention is a potential tool for the prevention of development of NAFLD.

Relationships between menstrual status and obesity phenotypes in women: a cross-sectional study in northern China

BackgroundOne of most important concerns of postmenopausal women is obesity. The relationships between menstruation status and obesity phenotypes are unclear. This study aimed to assess the associations between menstrual status and different obesity phenotypes in women.MethodsIn total, 5373 women aged ≥40 years were recruited from the Jidong and Kailuan communities. Basic information was collected via clinical examination, laboratory testing and standardized questionnaires. The women were stratified into the following three groups: menstrual period, menopausal transition period and postmenopausal period. General obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥28 kg/m2. Central obesity was defined as a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of > 0.85. Visceral obesity was defined as the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased pericardial fat volume (PFV).ResultsThe numbers of women in the menstrual, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal periods were 2807 (52.2%), 675 (12.6%) and 1891 (35.2%), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for central obesity among women in the menopausal transition and postmenopausal periods compared with women in the menstrual period were 0.99 (0.82–1.19) and 1.52 (1.26–1.84), respectively. The OR for NAFLD among postmenopausal women was 1.78 (1.44–2.20). The adjusted β-coefficient (standard error, SE) for PFV among postmenopausal women was 41.25 (7.49). The adjusted OR for general obesity among postmenopausal women was 1.01 (0.77–1.34).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that menopause is an independent risk factor for central and visceral obesity but not general obesity.