Odds Ratio For Smoking Cessation Research Articles

Electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation in cohort studies and randomized trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTIONThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between e-cigarette use and subsequent smoking cessation in cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT).METHODSA systematic literature search was finalized 11 November 2019 using EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed Health, NICE evidence search, PROSPERO, CRD, PsycInfo, and PubMed including Medline. Inclusion criteria were: reporting empirical results; longitudinal observational design with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up; including general population samples; and allowing for comparison between users and non-users of e-cigarettes. Studies rated as having high risk of bias were excluded. The procedures described by PRISMA were followed, and the quality of evidence was rated using GRADE.RESULTSTwenty-eight longitudinal, peer-reviewed publications from 26 cohort studies, and eight publications from seven RCTs assessing the association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation were included in this review. A random-effects meta-analysis based on 39147 participants in cohort studies showed a pooled unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for smoking cessation among baseline e-cigarette users compared with baseline non-users of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.67–1.40), while the adjusted OR was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.63–1.27). The pooled odds ratio for smoking cessation in RCTs was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.41–2.25). The evidence for cohort studies was graded as very low and for RCTs as low.CONCLUSIONSWe did not find quality evidence for an association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation. Although RCTs tended to support a more positive association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation than the cohort studies, the grading of evidence was consistently low.

Secure Asynchronous Communication Between Smokers and Tobacco Treatment Specialists: Secondary Analysis of a Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention in the QUIT-PRIMO and National Dental PBRN Networks.

BackgroundWithin a web-assisted tobacco intervention, we provided a function for smokers to asynchronously communicate with a trained tobacco treatment specialist (TTS). Previous studies have not attempted to isolate the effect of asynchronous counseling on smoking cessation.ObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct a semiquantitative analysis of TTS-smoker communication and evaluate its association with smoking cessation.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data on secure asynchronous communication between trained TTSs and a cohort of smokers during a 6-month period. Smokers were able to select their preferred TTS and message them using a secure web-based form. To evaluate whether the TTS used evidence-based practices, we coded messages using the Motivational Interviewing Self-Evaluation Checklist and Smoking Cessation Counseling (SCC) Scale. We assessed the content of messages initiated by the smokers by creating topical content codes. At 6 months, we assessed the association between smoking cessation and the amount of TTS use and created a multivariable model adjusting for demographic characteristics and smoking characteristics at baseline.ResultsOf the 725 smokers offered asynchronous counseling support, 33.8% (245/725) messaged the TTS at least once. A total of 1082 messages (TTSs: 565; smokers 517) were exchanged between the smokers and TTSs. The majority of motivational interviewing codes were those that supported client strengths (280/517, 54.1%) and promoted engagement (280/517, 54.1%). SCC code analysis showed that the TTS provided assistance to smokers if they were willing to quit (247/517, 47.8%) and helped smokers prepare to quit (206/517, 39.8%) and anticipate barriers (197/517, 38.1%). The majority of smokers’ messages discussed motivations to quit (234/565, 41.4%) and current and past treatments (talking about their previous use of nicotine replacement therapy and medications; 201/565, 35.6%). The majority of TTS messages used behavioral strategies (233/517, 45.1%), offered advice on treatments (189/517, 36.5%), and highlighted motivations to quit (171/517, 33.1%). There was no association between the amount of TTS use and cessation. In the multivariable model, after adjusting for gender, age, race, education, readiness at baseline, number of cigarettes smoked per day at baseline, and the selected TTS, smokers messaging the TTS one or two times had a smoking cessation odds ratio (OR) of 0.8 (95% CI 0.4-1.4), and those that messaged the TTS more than two times had a smoking cessation OR of 1.0 (95% CI 0.4-2.3).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated the feasibility of using asynchronous counseling to deliver evidence-based counseling. Low participant engagement or a lack of power could be potential explanations for the nonassociation with smoking cessation. Future trials should explore approaches to increase participant engagement and test asynchronous counseling in combination with other approaches for improving the rates of smoking cessation.

Contemplating to quit current smoking status: differences in behavioural and psychosocial patterns in a population-based cohort of current smokers

Background Smokers actively considering to quit smoking were compared with hard-core smokers completely unwilling to change smoking habits with respect to psychosocial variables. Methods A total of 3,229 current regular smokers aged 25–74 years were drawn from three population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg surveys conducted between 1984 and 1995. Among them, 592 (8.4%) subjects were defined as active contemplators (AC) and 776 (22.6%) as immotives (IM). Multivariate logistic regression analysis stratified by sex was used to identify active contemplators. Results No differences between ACs and IMs were observed for sex and age. Active contemplating in females was strongly mediated by impaired self-rated health [Odds ratio (OR) 2.29; 95% CI 1.42–3.69] and somatic complaints (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.29–3.48). For men, depression (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.64–3.79) and not living alone (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.51–3.20) promoted being AC. Long-term survival was impaired for IM compared to AC. The odds ratio for smoking cessation of ACs compared to IMs was 1.77 (95% CI 1.25–2.50). Conclusions Sex-specific differences in factors associated with the intention to quit smoking were observed and may lead to sex-specific targets in prevention strategy. IMs may be victims of a conceited healthy smoker effect triggered by the absence of disabling body or affective symptoms.

A meta-analysis of acupuncture techniques for smoking cessation

OBJECTIVETo determine the effectiveness of acupuncture for smoking cessation and to examine whether any individual aspect of trials is associated with an effect.DATA SOURCESAll randomised controlled trials of acupuncture for...

Poverty status and cigarette smoking prevalence and cessation in the United States, 1983-1993: the independent risk of being poor

ObjectiveTo analyse the independent relations between poverty status and cigarette smoking prevalence and cessation in the United States, 1983-1993.DesignAn analysis of eight cross-sectional national surveys.SettingThe United States, 1983-1993.Participants236,311 civilian, non-institutionalised...

Partner's smoking: a major determinant for changes in women'ssmoking behaviour during and after pregnancy

To study determinants for changes in maternal smoking behaviour during and after pregnancy, questionnaire information on smoking habits was recorded in a cohort of 3710 Norwegian women during early pregnancy, at delivery, and one year later. Of 3039 cohabiting women with complete information on smoking at all three occasions 31% smoked in early pregnancy 23% in the late pregnancy and 28% one year after delivery. Among the cohabiting mothers who smoked in early pregnancy, 44% stopped during pregnancy. After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratio for smoking cessation among these women who had cohabitants who smoked as opposed to not smoking was 0.2 (95% CI: 0.1-0.2). Among cohabiting non-smoking women during late pregnancy the odds ratio for being a smoker one year after child birth was 3.0 (95% CI: 2.2-4.0), if their cohabitants smoked as opposed to not smoking. The women's smoking behaviour changes considerably during and after pregnancy and their cohabitants' smoking seems to be a major determinant for changes in their smoking behaviour.