Odds Of High Waist Circumference Research Articles

Gestational Diabetes and Subsequent Metabolic Dysfunction: An National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis (2011-2018).

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates ∼10% of pregnancies, with the highest rates among Asian women. Evidence suggests that GDM is associated with an increased risk for future chronic health conditions, yet data for Asian women are sparse. We explored the association between prior GDM and metabolic dysfunction with nationally representative data to obtain Asian-specific estimates. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data were drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 7195 women with a prior pregnancy. GDM (yes/no) was defined using the question "During pregnancy, were you ever told by a doctor or other health professional that you had diabetes, sugar diabetes, or gestational diabetes?." Current metabolic dysfunction (yes/no) was based on having at least one of four indicators: systolic blood pressure (SBP, ≥130 mmHg), waist circumference (≥88 cm), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (<50 mg/dL), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (≥6.5%). Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between prior GDM and metabolic outcomes, overall and by race. Models included sampling weights and demographic and behavioral factors. Results: Overall, women with prior GDM had 46% greater odds of high waist circumference (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) and 200% greater odds (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 2.1-4.2) of high HbA1c. Prior GDM was not associated with high blood pressure or low HDL cholesterol. In race-specific analyses, prior GDM was associated with increased risk of elevated HbA1c among Asian (OR: 6.6; 95% CI: 2.5-17.2), Mexican American (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.5-5.8), Black (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.7-5.5), and White (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5-4.6) women. Prior GDM was associated with elevated SBP among Mexican American women and low HDL among Black women. Discussion: Prior GDM is associated with elevated HbA1c among all women, yet is a stronger predictor of elevated HbA1c among Asian women than other women. Race-specific associations between prior GDM and metabolic dysfunction were observed among Mexican American and Black women. Further research is warranted to understand the observed race/ethnic-specific associations.

Metabolic syndrome: a population-based study of prevalence and risk factors

The association between personal habits and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS among youths and its association with cigarette, tobacco, opium, and alcohol consumption in the Rafsanjan Youth Cohort Study (RYCS). The current cross-sectional study was based on data from RYCS, as part of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS). RCS is a branch of the prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (PERSIAN). In the present study, 2843 youths aged 15–35 were included. MetS was diagnosed using the international diabetes federation (International IDF), National Cholesterol Education Panel- Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII), and Iranian criteria (IDF Iranian). Binary logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). The prevalence of MetS was 7.67%, 7.14%, and 10.13% based on NCEP-ATPIII, IDF Iranian, and International IDF criteria respectively. The odds of MetS according to international IDF and Iranian IDF in the alcohol-drinking group in the last 12 months (OR: 1.51, 95%CI 1.02–2.21, OR: 1.66, 95%CI 1.11–2.48 respectively) were greater compared with the non-drinking group. The odds of having high TG in the alcohol-drinking group in the last 12 months was 1.53 times higher than the control group (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.20–1.94). Furthermore, the odds of having high waist circumference (WC) according to IDF International was significantly higher in the tobacco-smoking group in the last 12 months and in the tobacco-smoking group in the last 12 months daily (OR: 1.23, 95%CI 1.01–1.49 and OR: 1.41, 95%CI 1.01–1.98 respectively) compared to the control groups. The prevalence of MetS was 7.67%, 7.14%, and 10.13% based on NCEP-ATPIII, IDF Iranian, and International IDF criteria respectively. The odds of MetS and high TG were greater in the alcohol-drinking group in the last 12 months compared with the non-drinking group. The odds of high WC in the last 12 months, were greater in the tobacco-smoking group compared with the non-smoking group. However, more longitudinal studies are needed to verify the associations observed in the current study.

Association between dietary insulin index and load with cardiometabolic risk factors and risk of metabolic syndrome among the patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the association between dietary insulin index (DII) and load (DIL) with cardiometabolic risk factors and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 T2DM patients. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and DII and DIL were calculated based on insulin response and energy content. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS.ResultsParticipants in the highest quartile of DIL had significantly higher odds of MetS (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.02–4.25, P = 0.039) and hyperglycemia (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.08–4.96, P = 0.032). We also discovered that patients in the highest quartile of DII had higher odds of MetS (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.08–4.96, P = 0.034) and hyperglycemia (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.04–4.12, P = 0.019). Furthermore, participants in the highest quartile of DIL (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.00-2.59, P = 0.03) and DII (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.05–1.95, P = 0.026) had higher odds of high waist circumference. When it came to hypertriglyceridemia, we found a significant association between DII and DIL only in the crude model, not the fully adjusted model. However, we didn’t observe any significant association between DII and DIL with hypercholesteremia, Low HDL, and high blood pressure (P > 0.05).ConclusionOur study provides evidence suggesting that a higher DII and DIL may be associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factors and MetS in patients with T2DM.

Healthy beverage index could decrease odds of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study.

Some studies indicated that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) were related to MetS risk, and others found no relationship between MetS and SSBs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between healthy beverage index (HBI) and MetS in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was performed on baseline data FASA cohort. Out of 10,127 participants in the FASA cohort study, 8838 participants were included in this study. The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III was used for MetS definition. The HBI was calculated by a 125-item food frequency questionnaire with standard criteria. The association between HBI and MetS and its components was evaluated by univariate regression. Multivariate regression with the backward method was used for adjusting confounders. p < .05 was considered as statistically significant. Compared to the first quartile, it was observed that HBI in the last quartile was significantly related to lower odds of MetS in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.87, p < .001). Also, we observed a significant association between the last quartile of HBI with lower odds of high waist circumference (WC) (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.45-0.67, p < .002). Our findings showed that the higher HBI score reduced MetS odds and WC. Therefore, to reduce the odds of MetS, a healthy pattern of beverage consumption, including drinking water, low-fat milk, unsweetened tea, and coffee, and reducing the consumption of SSB are recommended. More studies are needed to confirm the findings.

Investigation of the relationship between sleep-related parameters and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among youths in the Southeast of Iran

Background and aimThere are few studies and inconsistent findings on the role of sleep-related parameters in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among youths. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between sleep-related parameters and MetS among youths in a large sample size in Rafsanjan, a region in the southeast of Iran.MethodsThe current cross-sectional study was performed on 3,006 young adults aged 15–35, who registered for Rafsanjan Youth Cohort Study (RYCS), as part of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS)). In fact, RCS is a branch of the prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (PERSIAN). In the present study, we included 2,867 youths after excluding some subjects with missing information on MetS components. MetS was diagnosed based on Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Besides, data on sleep-related parameters were collected by self-report questionnaires.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MetS was 7.74% among the participants. In addition, bedtime, wake time, napping, night shift work, and sleep duration per night and day had no association with the higher odds of having MetS. In contrast, long sleep duration at night was associated with the lower odds of high waist circumference (WC) (OR: 0.82,95% CI :0.67–0.99).ConclusionIn the present study, long sleep duration at night was associated with lower odds of central obesity. However, more longitudinal studies with the objective measurement of sleep-related parameters are needed to verify the associations reported in the current study.

Screen Time from Adolescence to Adulthood and Cardiometabolic Disease: a Prospective Cohort Study

BackgroundPrevious studies have analyzed the relationship between screen time and cardiometabolic disease risk factors among adolescents, but few have examined the longitudinal effects of screen time on cardiometabolic health into adulthood using nationally representative data.ObjectiveTo determine prospective associations between screen time and later cardiometabolic disease over a 24-year period using a nationally representative adolescent cohort.DesignLongitudinal prospective cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) collected from 1994 to 2018.ParticipantsAdolescents aged 11–18 years old at baseline (1994–1995) followed for 24 years.Main MeasuresPredictors: screen time (five repeated measures of self-reported television and video watching from adolescence to adulthood). Outcomes: Five repeated measures of body mass index (BMI); two repeated measures of waist circumference, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes collected at 15- and 24-year follow-up exams.Key ResultsFor the 7105 adolescents in the sample (49.7% female, 35.0% non-white), the baseline adolescent average screen time per day was 2.86 ± 0.08 hours per day, which generally declined through 24-year follow-up. Average BMI at baseline was 22.57 ± 0.13 kg/m2, which increased to 30.27 ± 0.18 kg/m2 through follow-up. By 24-year follow-up, 43.4% of participants had obesity, 8.4% had diabetes, 31.8% had hypertension, and 14.9% had hyperlipidemia. In mixed-effects generalized linear models, each additional hour of screen time per day was associated with 0.06 (95% CI 0.04–0.09) within-person increase in BMI. Each additional hour of screen time per day was associated with higher within-person odds of high waist circumference (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09–1.26), obesity (AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15), and diabetes (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.28). Screen time was not significantly associated with hypertension or hyperlipidemia.ConclusionsIn this prospective cohort study, higher screen time in adolescence was associated with higher odds of select indicators of cardiometabolic disease in adulthood.

0353 Objectively Measured Sleep and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Well-Functioning Older Adults

Abstract Introduction Prior studies tying sleep to metabolic syndrome in older adults have mostly used self-report sleep measures. We investigated the association between actigraphic sleep parameters and metabolic syndrome components in well-functioning older adults. Methods We studied 434 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (aged 71.1±12.8 years, 41.4% women) with 6.6±1.0 nights of wrist actigraphy and data on metabolic syndrome components: blood triglyceride (TG) level &amp;gt;150 mg/dL; high density lipoprotein (HDL) &amp;lt;50 mg/dL; and waist circumference (WC) &amp;gt;88.9 cm for women and &amp;gt;101.6 cm for men. Sleep parameters were the primary predictors and metabolic syndrome components the outcomes. Logistic regression was performed, and results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with p-values. Results After adjusting for age, sex, race and education, higher sleep efficiency (SEFF; per 10%) was associated with a lower odds of high WC (SEFF OR=0.60, p=0.01) and, compared to participants in the intermediate total sleep time tertile (5.5 to 6.8 h), those in the shortest tertile (&amp;lt;5.5 h) had a slightly lower odds of high WC (TST OR=0.98, p=0.02). In adjusted models, greater wake after sleep onset (WASO; per 30 min), greater average wake bout length (WBL; per min), and lower SEFF (per 10%) were associated with a greater odds of poor HDL level (&amp;lt;50 mg/dL) (WASO OR=1.37, p=0.05; WBL OR=1.49, p=0.007; SEFF OR=0.72, p=0.04). After further adjustment for BMI and depressive symptoms, only the association between longer WBL and poor HDL level remained significant (OR=1.48, p=0.01). There were no associations between sleep parameters and TG level. Conclusion Among well-functioning older adults, greater WASO but lower TST and SE are associated with poorer metabolic syndrome components. Longitudinal research is needed to evaluate the temporal associations of objectively measured poor sleep and metabolic syndrome components and evaluate the roles of BMI and depressive symptoms in these associations. Support The first author is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship by the Intramural Research Program (IRP) at the National Institute on Aging (NIA). This study was supported in part by National Institute on Aging (NIA) grant R01AG050507, the NIA Intramural Research Program (IRP), and Research and Development Contract HHSN-260-2004-00012C.

Interactions between vitamin D binding protein variants and major dietary patterns on the odds of metabolic syndrome and its components in apparently healthy adults

BackgroundRecent studies have shown that the risks of chronic diseases resulting from high-risk alleles, such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome (MetS), can be affected by various dietary patterns. Among the genes affected by environmental factors are those associated with vitamin D binding protein (DBP).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 265 apparently healthy adults aged 18–50. MetS was defined according to the adult treatment panel III criteria. Major dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis on 24 food groups, using a valid and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DBP genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reactions–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP).ResultsAfter adjustment for confounder factors, results demonstrated strong interactions between, on the one hand, a high intake of healthy pattern and DBP haplotype (rs7041/rs4588 major alleles) and on the other, low MetS odds (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.47–0.87, P ≤ 0.001), serum triglyceride levels (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.93, P = 0.01) and fasting blood glucose (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.14–0.96, P = 0.04). Also, individuals with a higher adherence to traditional dietary patterns demonstrated reduced odds of high waist circumference among the major allele (low-risk allele) carriers of rs7041/rs4588 (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.55–0.88, P = 0. 003). Interactions were also seen between high traditional pattern intake and DBP haplotype elevated blood pressure odds (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.02–1.68, P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe present evidence indicates that interactions between healthy dietary patterns with DBP haplotypes (Gc 1F, Gc 1S and Gc 2) and traditional dietary patterns with DBP haplotypes may be effective in reducing the odds of MetS and some of its components through consuming healthy food groups and inherited low risk alleles.

Television, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents

It is largely unknown how TV use relates to depot-specific adiposity or cardiometabolic risk in children. To examine relationships between having a TV in the bedroom and TV viewing time with total fat mass, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study of 369 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years was conducted (2010-2011; analysis 2011-2012). Waist circumference; resting blood pressure; fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and glucose; fat mass by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity by MRI were assessed. Cardiometabolic risk was defined as three or more risk factors including adverse levels of waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-C, and glucose. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute ORs of high fat mass; subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue mass (top age-adjusted quartile); and cardiometabolic risk, based on self-reported TV present in the bedroom and TV viewing time, controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level, and unhealthy diet. In multivariable models, presence of a TV in the bedroom and TV viewing time were associated with (p<0.05) higher odds of high waist circumference (OR=1.9-2.1); fat mass (OR=2.0-2.5); and subcutaneous adiposity (OR=2.1-2.9), whereas viewing TV ≥5 hours/day was associated with high visceral adiposity (OR=2.0). Having a TV in the bedroom was associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk (OR=2.9) and high triglycerides (OR=2.0). Having a bedroom TV and TV viewing time were related to high waist circumference, fat mass, and abdominal subcutaneous adiposity. TV viewing time was related to visceral adiposity, and bedroom TV was related to cardiometabolic risk in children, controlling for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and an unhealthy diet. This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.govNCT01595100.

Does lower birth order amplify the association between high socioeconomic status and central adiposity in young adult Filipino males?

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that lower birth order amplifies the positive association between socioeconomic status and central adiposity in young adult males from a lower-income, developing country context.DesignThe Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey is an ongoing community-based, observational study of a one year birth cohort (1983).Subjects970 young adult males, mean age 21.5 y (2005).MeasurementsCentral adiposity measured by waist circumference; birth order; perinatal maternal characteristics including height, arm fat area, age, and smoking behavior; socioeconomic status at birth and in young adulthood.ResultsLower birth order was associated with higher waist circumference and increased odds of high waist circumference, even after adjustment for socioeconomic status in young adulthood, and maternal characteristics that could impact later offspring adiposity. Furthermore, the positive association between socioeconomic status and central adiposity was amplified in individuals characterized by lower birth order.ConclusionsThis research has failed to reject the mismatch hypothesis, which posits that maternal constraint of fetal growth acts to program developing physiology in a manner that increases susceptibility to the obesogenic effects of modern environments.