Odd-numbered Year Research Articles

Surveillance data from 2011-2020 indicate alower risk of Lyme disease in the USA in even-numbered years.

From 2011-2020 the number of reported cases of Lyme disease in the USA was lower in each even-numbered year compared with the preceding odd-numbered year. This observation suggests that fewer nymphal stage Ixodes scapularis ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi were present during even-numbered years in locations where people spend time.

Modelling the effect of demographic change and healthcare infrastructure on the patient structure in German hospitals – a longitudinal national study based on official hospital statistics

BackgroundEffects of demographic change, such as declining birth rates and increasing individual life expectancy, require health system adjustments offering age- and needs-based care. In addition, healthcare factors can also influence health services demand.MethodsThe official German hospital statistics database with odd-numbered years between 1995 and 2011 was analysed. This is a national comprehensive database of all general hospital inpatient services delivered. Official data from hospital statistics were linked at the district level with demographic and socio-economic data as well as population figures from the official regional statistics. Panel data regression, modelling case numbers per hospital, was performed for 13 diagnosis groups that characterised the patient structure. Socio-demographic variables included age, sex, household income, and healthcare factors included bed capacity, personnel and hospital characteristics.ResultsThe median number of annual treatments per hospital increased from 6 015 (5th and 95th percentile [670; 24 812]) in 1995 to 7 817 in 2011 (5th and 95th percentile [301; 33 651]). We developed models characterising the patient structure of health care in Germany, considering both socio-demographic and hospital factors. Demographic factors influenced case numbers across all major diagnosis groups. For example, the age groups 65–74 and 75 + influenced cerebrovascular disease case numbers (p < 0.001). Other important factors included human and material resources of hospitals or the household income of patients. Distinct differences between the models for the individual diagnosis groups were observed.ConclusionsHospital planning should not only consider demographic change but also hospital infrastructure and socio-economic factors.

88th Texas State Legislature: Summaries of Water-Related Legislative Action

Editor-in-Chief ’s Note: September 1 of every odd-numbered year is the date when most new legislation from the most recent session of the Texas Legislature typically goes into effect. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited seven organizations that work closely with the Texas Legislature to provide their take on the changes to Texas water policy and law that were made during the 2023 session. The opinions expressed in these summaries are the opinions of the individual organizations and not the opinions of the Texas Water Journal, the Texas Water Resources Institute, or the Bureau of Economic Geology.

Commentary: Water Infrastructure and Supply Are the Backbone or Achilles’ Heel of Texas’ Future: The Choice is Ours

Editor-in-Chief's Note: In every odd-numbered year, the Texas Legislature convenes in regular session for 140 days. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited Senator Charles Perry, Chairman of the Senate Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs Committee to discuss his priorities and visions for Texas water and the regular session of the 88th Texas Legislature. The opinion expressed in this commentary is the opinion of the individual author and not the opinion of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute, or the Bureau of Economic Geology.

Commentary: 87th Texas State Legislature: Summaries of Water-Related Legislative Action

Editor-in-Chief’s Note: September 1 of every odd-numbered year is the date when most new legislation from the most recent session of the Texas Legislature typically goes into effect. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited seven organizations that work closely with the Texas Legislature to provide their take on the changes to Texas water policy and law that were made during the 2021 session. The opinions expressed in these summaries are the opinions of the individual organizations and not the opinions of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute.Organizations:Texas Water Conservation AssociationTexas Alliance of Groundwater DistrictsTexas Water FoundationSierra Club, Lone Star ChapterTexas Water Infrastructure NetworkTexas Rural Water AssociationTexas Desalination Association

Preface

13th MULTICONFERENCE ON CONTROL PROBLEMS (13 MCCP-2020) 6–8 October 2020 The 13th Multiconference on Control Problems, organized by the State Research Center of the Russian Federation - Concern CSRI Elektropribor (St. Petersburg, Russia) was held on October 6–8, 2020.Concern CSRI Elektropribor has held the multiconferences together with some research institutions and universities since 2006. The idea of holding the multiconference consists in uniting several local conferences, intimately related by the topics of scientific problems being considered. The Saint Petersburg Group of Russian National Committee on Automatic Control has become the initiator of such cooperation. The content of the Multiconference slightly changes from year to year, but the Conference in Memory of the Prominent Designer of Gyroscopic Devices N.N. Ostryakov, which has been held by CSRI Elektropribor every two years since 1956, remains a permanent part of the program. Traditionally, every even-numbered year the Multiconference is held at Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC (St. Petersburg), and every odd-numbered year — in Divnomorskoe town (Gelendzhik, Russia), where the A.V. Kalayev Research Institute of Multi-processor Computation Systems, Southern Federal University, is the main organizer.

Commentary: 86th Texas State Legislature: Summaries of Water-related Legislative Action

Editor-in-Chief’s Note: September 1 of every odd-numbered year is the date when new legislation from the most recent session of the Texas Legislature typically goes into effect. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited five organizations that work closely with the Texas Legislature to provide their take on the changes to Texas water policy and law that were made during the 2019 session. The opinions expressed in these summaries are the opinions of the individual organizations and not the opinions of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute.Organizations:• Sierra Club, Lone Star Chapter and Save Our Springs Alliance• Texas Water Conservation Association• Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts• Texas Rural Water Association• Texas Water Infrastructure Network Citation: Kramer K, Mullins C, Robbins D, Steinbach SA, Martinsson L, Hightower T, Fowler PL. 2019. Commentary: 86th Texas State Legislature: Summaries of Water-related Legislative Action. Texas Water Journal. 10(1):75-100. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v10i1.7100.

Announcements

Other| January 01 2018 Announcements Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies (2018) 85 (1): 138–143. https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.85.1.0138 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Announcements. Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 1 January 2018; 85 (1): 138–143. doi: https://doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.85.1.0138 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressPennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Search Advanced Search The Pennsylvania Historical Association announces the Dr. Irwin M. Marcus Prize for the for the best senior paper on Pennsylvania history at the Pennsylvania state competition of National History Day. The first award will be given at the 2018 competition in May. The award carries a cash prize and honors Dr. Marcus (1935–2016), who taught history at Indiana University of Pennsylvania and was a senior paper judge for History Day for over twenty-five years. The winning paper will be considered for publication in Pennsylvania History. For more information contact Jeff Hawks at: https://www.armyheritage.org/education-programs/national-history-day-in-pa.The Robert G. Crist Prize is awarded for an outstanding article illuminating the history of Pennsylvania published by a graduate student in Pennsylvania History every odd-numbered year. Begun in 1997 (for the years 1995–96), the prize includes one year's complimentary subscription to Pennsylvania History and a cash award. Established in honor of Robert G. Crist,... You do not currently have access to this content.

Commentary: 85th Texas State Legislature: summaries of water-related legislative action

Editor-in-Chief’s Note: September 1 of every odd-numbered year is the date when new legislation from the most recent session of the Texas Legislature typically goes into effect. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited four organizations that work closely with the Texas Legislature to provide their take on the changes to Texas water policy and law that were made during the 2017 session. The opinions expressed in these summaries are the opinions of the individual organizations and not the opinions of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute.Organizations: Texas Water Conservation Association Sierra Club, Lone Star Chapter Texas Water Infrastructure Network Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Citation: Commentary: Steinbach SA, Kramer K, Mullins C, Fowler PL, Schlessinger SR. 2017. Commentary: 85th Texas State Legislature: summaries of water-related legislative action. Texas Water Journal. 8(1):67-86. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v8i1.7064.

Key Texas Senate and House water committee chairmen discuss water issues of the 85th Legislature

Editor-in-Chief’s note: In every odd-numbered year, the Texas Legislature convenes in regular session for 140 days. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited Senator Charles Perry, Chairman of the Senate Agriculture, Water &amp; Rural Affairs Committee, and Representative Lyle Larson, Chairman of the House Natural Resources Committee, to discuss their priorities and visions for Texas water and the regular session of the 85th Texas Legislature. The opinions expressed in these commentaries are the opinions of the individuals and not the opinions of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute. Citation: Perry C, Larson L. 2017. Key Texas Senate and House water committee chairmen discuss water issues of the 85th Legislature. Texas Water Journal. 8(1):13-17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v8i1.7057.

84th Texas State Legislature: summaries of water-related legislative action

Editor-in-Chief’s Note: September 1 of every odd-numbered year is the date when new legislation from the most recent session of the Texas Legislature session typically goes into effect. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited 4 organizations that work closely with the Texas Legislature to provide their take on the changes to Texas water policy and law that were made during the 2015 session. The opinions expressed in these summaries are the opinions of the individual organizations and not the opinion of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute.Organizations:• Texas Water Conservation Association• Sierra Club, Lone Star Chapter• Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts• Texas Water Infrastructure Network Citation: Robbins D, Steinbach SA, Kramer K, Schlessinger SR, Fowler PL. 2015. 84th Texas State Legislature: summaries ofwater-related legislative action. Texas Water Journal. 6(1):103-120. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v6i1.7030.

Pacific salmons in the nekton community of the upper epipelagic layer of the Northwest Pacific at Kuril Islands in the early summer of 2012

According to the data of trawl catches performed by the R/V “TINRO” in the upper epipelagic zone (0–50 m) of Pacific waters off the Kuril Islands from June 2 to July 8, 2012, the abundance of nekton was the lowest for the recent 9 years; thus, its density in 2012 (1.5 t/km2) was lower than the average value for the 2004–2012 period (2.40 ± 0.39 t/km2). The major portion of the nekton biomass was formed by pacific salmon (706 000 tons, or 43.6%); their role grows abruptly during pre-spawning migrations of pink salmon, whose proportion reached 29.8% (483 000 t). In 2012, the recorded biomass of pre-anadromous pink salmon was as high as those in the previous 3 years, and even higher than the estimate of 2010 (479 800 t), which is the largest value for even-numbered years. The value of 2012 also was comparable with the estimates for the previous odd-numbered year, 2011, when the total biomass of the species constituted 496 500 t. Chum salmon stands out among other salmon for its record-high biomass (192 700 t, 11.9%), which was twice as high as that in 2011. The biomass and the share of the mesopelagic fish complex was the lowest (286800 t, 17.7%) since 2004. Among other fish species, Kuril groups of walleye pollock also had a substantial biomass (381 200 t, 23.5%). The total biomass of squid (225 300 t, 13.9%) was lower than the value of 2011 (326 300 t, 14.8%) owing to the decline in the biomass of Boreopacific gonate squid by 90 000 t.

83rd Texas State Legislature: Summaries of Water-related Legislative Action

Editor’s Note: September 1 of every odd-numbered year is the date that new legislation from the Texas Legislature session that ended the previous spring typically goes into effect. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited 4 organizations that work closely with the Texas Legislature to provide their take on the changes to Texas water policy and law that were made during the 2013 session. The opinions expressed in these summaries are the opinions of the individual organizations and not the opinion of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute. Organizations: Texas Water Conservation Association Water Environment Association of Texas Sierra Club, Lone Star Chapter Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Citation: Robbins D, Batterton C, Castleberry B, Kramer K, Steinbach SA. 2013. Commentary: 83rd Texas State Legislature: Summaries of Water-related Legislative Action. Texas Water Journal. 4(2):28-46. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v4i2.6999.

The North Atlantic Oscillation affects landings of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus in the Gulf of Cádiz (south of Spain)

The aim of this study was to explore the possible link between NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) variations and the abundance of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) stock in the Gulf of Cadiz. A significantly negative correlation was found between the NAO in the year previous to the anchovy landings. In the Gulf of Cadiz the mean anchovy landings after a negative NAO phase were significantly higher than after a positive NAO phase. A statistically significant negative relationship was obtained between the biennial NAO (estimated as the average monthly NAO values per two consecutive years starting with an odd-numbered year) and the probability of having an anchovy landing value for a year higher than the average anchovy landings for the entire year. Results suggest that the NAO previous to the landing year is an ecological factor of European anchovy related to its abundance in the Gulf of Cádiz. This could have important applications for conservation strategies and species management.

82nd State Legislature Regular Session: Summaries of water-related legislative action

Editor’s Note: September 1 of every odd-numbered year is the date that new legislation from the Texas Legislature session that ended the previous spring typically goes into effect. With this in mind, the Texas Water Journal invited five organizations that work closely with the Texas Legislature to provide their take on the changes to Texas water policy and law that were made during the 2011 session. The opinions expressed in these summaries are the opinions of the individual organizations and not the opinion of the Texas Water Journal or the Texas Water Resources Institute. Organizations: • Sierra Club, Lone Star Chapter • Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts • Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association • Texas Farm Bureau • Texas Water Conservation Association Citation: K Kramer, SA Steinbach, J Skaggs, B Howe, D Robbins. 2011.Commentary: 82nd State Legislature Regular Session: Summaries of water-related legislative action. Texas Water Journal. 2(1):23-38. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v2i1.5886.

History, Distribution, Damage, and Life Cycle of a Pine Shoot Gall Sawfly, Xyela gallicaulis (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae)

Larvae of Xyela gallicaulis Smith cause shoot stem galls in young pines. Loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., is the most seriously damaged, but galls have been observed on slash pine, P. elliottii var. elliottii Engelm., and shortleaf pine, P. echinata Mill. Studies in Virginia and Georgia confirm a 2-year life cycle. Larval development takes 4 - 6 wks. After feeding, larvae bore out of the galls and drop to the ground where they form a papery cocoon in the soil to pupate, and where they remain for 22 - 25 months. Adults emerge from cells constructed in the soil from early-December to mid-January of the second year. Eggs are inserted into the vegetative buds during odd-numbered years. Insect associates found feeding in or on gall tissues are the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Tortricidae), and the weevil Conotrachelus carolinensis Schoof (Curculionidae).

Seasonal Trends of Human Parainfluenza Viral Infections: United States, 1990–2004

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are important causes of upper and lower respiratory tract illness among children and adults. We describe seasonal trends for individual HPIV serotypes and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States using data on the percentage of specimens with positive test results reported to the National Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Surveillance System during the period 1990-2004. Onset and conclusion dates for peaks in activity were determined with the Early Aberration Reporting System's cumulative sum method C2 by detecting periods when the number of positive HPIV test results was significantly greater than that observed for preceding weeks for each serotype. During the study period, increases in the percentage of positive HPIV-3 and HPIV-2 test results occurred annually during April-June and October-November, respectively. Increases in the percentage of positive HPIV-1 test results occurred biennially during September-December during odd-numbered years. During years when HPIV-1 was not circulating, more HPIV-3 activity was reported, either as a longer spring season or as a second smaller period of increased activity noted in the fall. Seasonal peaks in respiratory syncytial virus activity occurred annually during November-April. We provide a national perspective for HPIV activity during the 15-year study period and demonstrate distinct seasonal peaks in activity for HPIV-1, HPIV-2, and HPIV-3. In addition, our data suggest that there is an interaction between HPIV-3 and HPIV-1 activity, which may have implications in future prevention strategies.

Survival of Puget Sound chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in response to climate-induced competition with pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

We tested for competition between pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) originating from rivers in the Puget Sound area using coded-wire-tagged subyearling hatchery chinook salmon. Following a 2-year life cycle, many juvenile pink salmon enter Puget Sound in even-numbered years, whereas few migrate during odd-numbered years. During 1984–1997, juvenile chinook salmon released during even-numbered years experienced 59% lower survival than those released during odd-numbered years, a trend consistent among 13 chinook salmon stocks. Lower even-numbered-year survival of chinook salmon was associated with reduced first-year growth and survival and delayed maturation. In contrast, chinook salmon released into coastal streams, where few pink salmon occur, did not exhibit an alternating-year pattern of survival, suggesting that the interaction occurred within Puget Sound and the lower Strait of Georgia. Unexpectedly, the survival pattern of Puget Sound chinook salmon was reversed prior to the 1982–1983 El Niño: chinook salmon survival was higher when they migrated with juvenile pink salmon during 1972–1983. We hypothesize that chinook salmon survival changed as a result of a shift from predation- to competition-based mortality in response to recent declines in predator and prey abundances and increases in pink salmon abundance. Alternating-year mortality accounted for most of the 50% decline in marine survival of chinook salmon between 1972–1983 and 1984–1997.

Explaining the Change in Roll-Call Voting Behavior of Southern Democrats

Southern politics changed dramatically since the enactment of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Most notably, we witnessed the emergence of a competitive two-party system and greater electoral participation by blacks. During this period we also saw a substantial liberalization in the voting behavior of southern Democratic members of Congress. A number of researchers have tried to use constituency variables to explain variability in liberal voting by southern legislators. The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a constituency explanation of liberal voting by southern Democrats based on the ideological leanings of white voters, the size of the black constituency, urbanization and the strength of the Republican congressional candidate. The effects of constituency variables on two measures of liberal voting (ADA scores and party unity scores) are analyzed for each odd-numbered year between 1981 and 1987. The findings of this study suggest that constituency variables do impact on southern Democrat's liberalism with the willingness of southern whites to support liberal candidates exerting the strongest effect. The presence of a larger proportion of black residents is not consistently related to the measures of roll-call liberalism analyzed. Finally, the paper demonstrates that southern Democratic support for liberal positions increased independent of constituency characteristics.

Health Specialists’ Guide to the Federal Legislative Process and to the Process of Federal Program and Regulation Development

In January of every odd-numbered year, a new Congress convenes, made up of new or re-elected Members of the House of Representatives and of the Senate, along with Senators who are entering the second or third Congress of their six-year term. In both its first year (“first session“) and its second year (“second session“) the new Congress stays at work until adjournment in late autumn or early winter.Any Member of Congress may introduce a legislative proposal when Congress is in session. Ideas for bills and resolutions may emanate directly from a Member (or a group of Members) either in the House of Representatives or in the Senate. Often the proposals are a response to the appeals of constituents, such as trade or professional associations or consumer groups, who may participate in their preparation.