Octyl Alcohols Research Articles

Multi-functional ashless additives improving transmission oils quality

In the presence of KU-2 as a catalyst the reactions of carboxymetyl-amethylalkylphenol with isoamyl and octyl alcohols were studied, as a result of which alkoxycarbonyl-methylaminometyl-alkylphenol has been obtained. The effect of obtained compounds on antiwear, antiscuffing and anticorrosion properties of ТС-14.5 transmission oil has been researched. It was revealed that alkoxycarbonyl-methylaminomethylalkylphenols show high antiwear, antiscuffing and anticorrosion performance. These compounds almost eliminate ТС-14.5 oil corrosivity in the 5 % concentration and improve its antiwear and antiscuffing properties as well.

Синергетическая экстракция рения (VII) смесями на основе высокомолекулярных алифатических спиртов и кетонов из сернокислых растворов.

Rhenium(VII) solvent extraction with synergistic mixtures of neutral extractants (octyl alcohols and ketones) from sulphuric acid media has been investigated. It was observed that the synergistic effect appeared under solvent extraction from high acid solutions, consisting ≥ 5 mol/L H2SO4.The synergistic coefficients were up to 2–2,3 providing 97,5–98,7% rhenium(VII) extraction efficiency at one SX step. High rhenium(VII) SX efficiency maintained in the wide range of extraction mixtures compositions (10–50 % v/v of ketone).

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterizations of MOF-199 Using Renewable Template

A three-dimensional (3D) copper-based metal-organic frameworks or MOF-199 were successfully synthesized by utilizing palm oil based fatty alcohols that acted as renewable template. The synthesis of MOF-199 employed different length of straight chain of fatty alcohols namely octyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl and cetyl alcohols derived from palm oil using similar method to those reported earlier with some modifications. The microstructure of MOF-199 exhibited single particles with fine octahedral morphology at various particle sizes in the range of ca. 15-60 μm. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms were conducted to estimate the surface area and pore volume of the materials and were at ca. 400 – 1100 m2g-1 and 0.17 – 0.43 mLg-1 respectively. The surface area and pore volume of the materials decreased with longer straight chain fatty alcohol possibility due to mobility of the long carbon chain.

Dynamics of glass-forming liquids. XVII. Dielectric relaxation and intermolecular association in a series of isomeric octyl alcohols

It is well established that many mono-hydroxy alcohols show an extra relaxation process of the Debye type in addition to the signatures of primary and secondary structural relaxations, which is observed only in dielectric spectroscopy and related techniques. In order to gain further insight into the nature of this Debye peak, we study the linear and nonlinear dielectric behavior of a series of isomeric octyl alcohols and of mixtures of n-propanol with one of the octanols. These samples display systematic variations of the Debye peak intensity and concomitant changes in the Kirkwood correlation factor gK from 0.1 to 4, indicative of different equilibrium constants, K(c∕r), that characterize the populations of non-polar ring and polar open chain structures. For cases where K(c∕r) is not too far from unity, we find that a high electric field shifts K(c∕r) towards more chains, and that the accompanying change in the end-to-end vector of hydrogen-bond connected structures occurs on the Debye time scale. The results suggest that gK is correlated with the spectral separation of the Debye and primary structural peaks, as both features depend on steric hindrance of chain flexibility or bond rotation barriers and on average chain lengths. Based on the complex dynamics of supercooled mono-hydroxy alcohols with three relaxation peaks that cover many orders of magnitude in frequency, it is argued that a frequency dependent gK may be required for assessing the average orientational correlations within hydrogen-bonded structures correctly.

The production of myco-diesel hydrocarbons and their derivatives by the endophytic fungus Gliocladium roseum (NRRL 50072)

An endophytic fungus, Gliocladium roseum (NRRL 50072), produced a series of volatile hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives on an oatmeal-based agar under microaerophilic conditions as analysed by solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME)-GC/MS. As an example, this organism produced an extensive series of the acetic acid esters of straight-chained alkanes including those of pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, sec-octyl and decyl alcohols. Other hydrocarbons were also produced by this organism, including undecane, 2,6-dimethyl; decane, 3,3,5-trimethyl; cyclohexene, 4-methyl; decane, 3,3,6-trimethyl; and undecane, 4,4-dimethyl. Volatile hydrocarbons were also produced on a cellulose-based medium, including heptane, octane, benzene, and some branched hydrocarbons. An extract of the host plant, Eucryphia cordifolia (ulmo), supported the growth and hydrocarbon production of this fungus. Quantification of volatile organic compounds, as measured by proton transfer mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), indicated a level of organic substances in the order of 80 p.p.m.v. (parts per million by volume) in the air space above the oatmeal agar medium in an 18 day old culture. Scaling the PTR-MS profile the acetic acid heptyl ester was quantified (at 500 p.p.b.v.) and subsequently the amount of each compound in the GC/MS profile could be estimated; all yielded a total value of about 4.0 p.p.m.v. The hydrocarbon profile of G. roseum contains a number of compounds normally associated with diesel fuel and so the volatiles of this fungus have been dubbed 'myco-diesel'. Extraction of liquid cultures of the fungus revealed the presence of numerous fatty acids and other lipids. All of these findings have implications in energy production and utilization.

Influence of cosurfactant in microemulsion systems for color removal from textile wastewater

AbstractMicroemulsion systems have proved very efficient in color removal from textile wastewater using n‐butyl alcohol as cosurfactant. The cosurfactant has a very important role in microemulsified systems, as it is responsible for their stability, mainly in systems formed by ionic surfactants. Although very efficient, n‐butyl alcohol is partially soluble in water, which would permit its passage to the effluent. In this work, isoamyl and octyl alcohols, due to their lower solubility in water, were used as cosurfactants to evaluate their influence in color removal. The colorimetry system used was the CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space and CIE L*a*b* color difference (ΔE*ab). The wastewater used in this study was the reactive exhausted dye liquor from a dye house (first discharge) containing Procion Yellow H‐E4R (CI Reactive Yellow 84), Procion Blue H‐ERD (CI Reactive Blue 160) and Procion Red H‐E3B (CI Reactive Red 120). The obtained results were modeled using an experimental planning (the Scheffé net) and evaluated through isoresponse diagrams by correlation graphs between experimental values and those obtained by the models with an error lower than 4%. All the optimized systems were very efficient and more than 94% of the dyes contained in the effluent were removed. The microemulsion load capacity was determined using a synthetic solution containing, the same dyes present in the reactive exhausted dyebath, but 200 times concentrated, and the dyes extraction was more than 99.6%. By comparing n‐butyl, isoamyl and octyl alcohols, it was observed that the system using isoamyl alcohol presented slightly better color removal and much higher load capacity than the n‐butyl and octyl alcohols. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry

Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Octyl Alcohols in “Supercritical” Carbon Dioxide

Noble metal catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds or carboxylic acids is an efficient method, but the frequently observed catalyst deactivation and flammability of organic solvents in the case of water-insoluble alcohols limit the application range. We applied “supercritical” (dense) carbon dioxide as the solvent, a cheap and nonflammable medium with fair and tunable solubility in particular for weakly polar water-insoluble alcohols. The experiments were carried out in a continuous fixed bed reactor, over 0.5 wt% Pd/alumina, at 80–140°C and 75–125 bar. A comparative study of oxidation of 1- and 2-octanols to carbonyl compounds, chosen as model reactions, demonstrated that the method is well suited for the partial oxidation of secondary alcohols with molecular oxygen, whereas for primary alcohols the selectivity is low. In the oxidation of 2-octanol the selectivity was excellent (>99.5%) and independent of conversion. No significant catalyst deactivation was observed and the rate in CO2 was higher by a factor of up to 2–4 compared to the rate of oxidation in nitrogen. The complex effects of pressure and oxygen concentration on the reaction rate have been interpreted by studying the phase behavior in a high-pressure view cell under reaction conditions.

Temperature-insensitive microemulsions formulated from octyl monoglucoside and alcohols: potential candidates for practical applications

Temperature-insensitive microemulsions formulated from octyl monoglucoside and alcohols: potential candidates for practical applications

Retro-Claisen Cleavage of the β-Dicarbonyl Ligand in Alcoholysis of Group IVB Metal Chelates

Chelates of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium with β-dicarbonyl compounds react with butyl, amyl, and octyl alcohols to give metal alkoxides. The reaction is accompanied by retro-Claisen cleavage of the ligand. The reactivity of the chelates was studied in relation to the ligand structure, nature of the metal, and reaction temperature. The reaction mechanism is discussed.

A protein disulfide-thiol interchange protein with NADH: protein disulfide reductase (NADH oxidase) activity as a molecular target for low levels of exposure to organic solvents in plant growth.

A number of solvents including ethyl, amyl, butyl, octyl and benzyl alcohols, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, acetone, diethyl ether, propylene oxide, rho-dioxane, benzene, xylene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride stimulate the growth of plants or plant parts at low concentrations and inhibit at high concentrations. These same solvents, at low dilutions, stimulate the activity of a growth-related protein disulfide-thiol interchange protein (TIP) with NADH: protein disulfide reductase (NADH oxidase) (NOX) activity with plasma membrane vesicles isolated from elongating regions cut from dark grown seedlings of soybeans. Based on these and other findings, we suggest the TIP/NOX protein to be the molecular target of the biological effects of low levels of exposure (hormesis) involved in the stimulation of plant growth.

Influence of a surface of porous solid carrier on the selectivity of organic solvent-extractants

The correlation between the distribution coefficients of phenols in liquid extraction systems and extractive-chromatographs systems with modified sorbents has been studied in order to investigate the influence of extractant characteristics on the extractive activity of modified sorbent. We have used polysorb C processed with hexyl, heptyl and octyl alcohols, esters, i.e., TBP, triisobytylphosphate and tricresylphosphate, aromatic carbohydrates, i.e., foluene and andoxylene.

Antipitting, antifriction, and protective properties of molybdenum dithiophosphates

This paper investigates the antipitting, antifriction, and protective properties of oil-soluble molybdenum dithiophosphates, differing in the structure of the hydrocarbon radical. The MoDTP compounds were synthesized from buryl, heptyl, octyl, and decyl alcohols and cotylphenol. The molybdenum-containing additive Molyvan L was tested for comparison. The test results on the oil base stocks, the MT-16p oil, and the oils containing MoDTP are presented. The studies show that molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates are highly effective antipitting and antifricition additives that can increase the operating time of frictional components up to the appearance of pitting by a factor of 2-3. Some of these additives also have protective properties.

Application of synthetic alkyl glycoside vesicles as drug carriers. I. Preparation and physical properties.

It was observed that alkyl glycosides formed lamellar vesicles like phosphatidylcholine vesicles (liposomes), and the application of these vesicles as drug carriers was attempted. Various alkyl glycosides were synthesized and vesicles were prepared with these glycosides. The encapsulation capacity of the vesicles was examined in relation to alkyl chain length, sugar moiety, and lipid composition. The glucosides of myristyl, cetyl, and stearyl alcohols formed vesicles, but those of lauryl, decyl, and octyl alcohols did not. The vesicles of glucoside, galactoside, and mannoside showed fairly good encapsulation capacity but those of lactoside showed low capacity. An appropriate ratio of glycoside, cholesterol, and dicetylphosphate is an important factor for the formation of these vesicles, especially with regard to dicetylphosphate. The alkyl glycoside vesicles show longer lives on stage in an ampule at 20°C than phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The stability in plasma was also examined. The glycoside vesicles showed rapid release of about 40% of the aqueous contents, but after that, they showed outstanding stability for 48h in plasma at 37°C. On the other hand, phosphatidylcholine vesicles showed rapid release of only about 30%, but they disintegrated gradually and showed low encapsulation capacity (about 20%) after 48h. The present results suggest that the application of alkyl glycoside vesicles as drug carriers may be feasible.

各種アルコール溶液中のマグネシウム合金の浸食挙動

Electrode potential and weight loss of the magnesium alloy (AZ-80A) in alcohols were measured. Continiously measuring the electrode potential against platinum, the magnesium alloy is corroded in methyl, octyl and dodecyl alcohols, 1.2-ethanediol, glycerol and phenol at their boiling points. The alloy is uncorroded in water containing methyl alcohol, but is corroded in another water containing alcohols. The alloy has better corrosion resistance than pure magnesium in alcohols.

Syntheses and Properties of Thermally Decomposable Surfactants

Thermally decomposable surfactants were prepared by the reaction of xylylenediisocyanate with polyethyleneglycol monomethyl ether acetoacetate and alcohols such as butyl, octyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, and stearyl alcohols. The properties such as the cmc, surface tension, foaming power, and wetting power of the aqueous solutions of the surfactants were measured. Under thermal treatment of the aqueous solution, the surfactants were decomposed to water-insoluble compounds, and the surface tension of their aqueous solutions increased. This thermal decomposition was accelerated by bases such as sodium hydroxide and triethylenediamine, but suppressed by acids such as sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The dissociation temperatures of blocked isocyanates of these surfactants, measured by infrared spectroscopy according to the method of Griffin, were 90°C, which were not dependent on the length of the alkyl groups of these surfactants. On the other hand the temperatures decreased to 6570°C in the presence of triethylenediamine as a catalyst.

Radical polymerization of various alkyl methacrylates in liquid crystalline solvents

AbstractThe polymerization of methacrylates of methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, and octadecyl alcohols was studied with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile in the smectic, nematic, cholesteric, and isotropic liquid phases at 50–75°C. N‐(4‐Methoxyphenylmethylene)phenylamine, N‐(4‐ethoxyphenyl‐methylene)‐4‐butylphenylamine, cholesteryl octadecanoate, and benzene were used as the solvents. The viscosities of the polymers were enhanced in the mesomorphic solvents. The polymer was converted to the corresponding poly(methyl methacrylate) through hydrolysis and esterification. Tacticities of the resultant poly(methyl methacrylates) were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The isotacticities of the polymers obtained in the smectic and the nematic phases were basically the same and appeared to be larger than those of the polymers in the cholesteric and isotropic liquid states. The polymerization of the methacrylates of butyl and longer‐chain alcohols deviated from Bernoullian statistics and gave polymers more isotactic than those of methyl and ethyl methacrylates.

Effect of surface layers of stearic acid on the fatigue strength of metals

The fatigue failure of metals begins, as a rule, at the surface as a result of physicochemical processes that take place under the influence of the moisture and oxygen in the air. It is known that even the ordinary laboratory atmosphere may have a harmful effect on the fatigue resistance of aluminum alloys [i]. In a number of cases thin, ultimately monomolecular, water-repellent films of organic substances may act as an effective barrier against the adsorption of water and oxygen molecules from the atomosphere on the metal surface [2-5]. In this connection investigations have been carried out on octyl and dodecyl alcohols and dodecyl and octadecyl amines, among polar substances. In a study of the endurance of a number of metals (steel 4340, a beryllium alloy, aluminium alloy 6061-T6, and stainless steel 17-7RN), it has been found [2] that after the application of a film of dodecyl alcohol to their surface the limited endurance of these materials increases By 2.5 times.

Effect of alcohols on mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity

Effects of alcohols on the activity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) were studied using rat liver mitochondria and highly purified MAO preparations from rat and pig liver. It was shown that benzyl, beta-phenylethyl and octyl alcohols caused a competitive and reversible inhibition of deamination of tyramine, 4-amino- and 4-metoxy-derivatives of beta-phenylethyl amine and practically failed to affect deamination of beta-phenylethyl amine and its 4-chloro-derivative. The inhibitory properties of aliphatic alcohols were exerted only when the carbohydrate chain had the length of five methylene residues.

Microwave Absorption and Molecular Structure in Liquids. LXXVIII. Dielectric and Association Behavior of Six Isomeric Octyl Alcohols in n-Heptane Solution

The dielectric constants and losses of six isomeric octyl alcohols at concentrations of 0.03–0.35 mole fraction in n-heptane solution at 25°C have been measured at wavelengths of 0.204, 1.23, 3.23, 9.99, 24.8, and 49.9 cm, and the so-called static dielectric constants have been measured at 575 m. For three of these alcohols at mole fraction 0.32–0.33, dielectric constant and loss measurements were also made with an RX meter at seven wavelengths from 120 to 600 cm. A new analysis of this measuring system has been carried out to obtain more accurate values of dielectric constant and loss. For those isomers in which the methyl group is attached to the same carbon atom as the hydroxyl group or to the adjacent carbon, the dielectric absorption may be characterized by two relaxation times at all the concentrations employed. The isomers containing a relatively less-shielded hydroxyl group exhibit an additional low-frequency relaxation time at the higher alcohol concentrations. In all cases, the magnitude of the shortest relaxation time, which dominates the absorption of the most dilute solutions, is only slightly concentration-dependent and is characteristic of the relaxation of an hydroxyl group about its C–O bond. The intermediate relaxation process lengthens and makes a relatively greater contribution to the dielectric absorption with increasing alcohol concentration. The low-frequency process would appear to be associated with the existence of one or more higher polymers at the higher concentrations.

Kinetics in Gas-Liquid Reaction Systems. Hydrochlorination of Octyl and Dodecyl Alcohols

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics in Gas-Liquid Reaction Systems. Hydrochlorination of Octyl and Dodecyl AlcoholsR. V. Daté, J. B. Butt, and Harding BlissCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1969, 8, 4, 687–695Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/i160032a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (804 KB) Get e-Alerts