Octoblepharum Albidum Hedw Research Articles

Species Composition of Bryophytic Flora along Altitudinal Gradient in Mt. Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines

A floristic assessment was conducted in Mt. Musuan Bukidnon, the Philippines – an isolated, low grass-covered andesitic lava dome and tuff cone. Two 50-m transect lines were established in each of the altitudinal gradients (350–400, 401–451, 452–502, 503–553, 554–604, and 605 + masl) in the mountain slope to sample the bryophyte communities. The study compared the bryophyte populations between six altitudinal gradients and analyzed their altitudinal distribution. Results revealed a total of 56 species of bryophytes belonging to 39 genera and 21 families. Of these, 39 are moss species with 29 genera and 16 families. Sixteen (16) species are liverworts with nine genera and four families. One hornwort was encountered. The greatest number of bryophytes were documented between 452–502 masl, whereas the fewest number occurred between 350–400 and 605 masl and near the summit. The two most abundant bryophyte species were Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. and Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger, which are widely distributed in all altitudinal gradients. The findings from this research will offer valuable insights that can promote the implementation of efficient management strategies and initiatives for conserving biodiversity across different altitudinal gradients. This is particularly vital because bryophytes are known to be highly susceptible to human- induced threats and the influences of changing environmental conditions.

Volatile chemical composition of Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. (Bryophyta) from the Brazilian Amazon

Bryophytes have a variety of bioactive compounds that can be used in biotechnological processes. The objective of this study was to know the volatile chemical composition of Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. from the Amazon and investigate its association with possible bioactive effects on insects. The volatile concentrate of O. albidum was obtained by micro-scale simultaneous distillation–extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and the identification of the compounds was based on system libraries and specialized literature. Twelve organic compounds (92.44% of the total) were identified. Hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, E-isoeugenol, 1-octen-3-ol, and stearic acid were the major compounds. Most of the compounds have already been reported from bryophytes, while others have an unprecedented occurrence in the group. All identified compounds have biological activities reported in the literature and may participate in plant defense mechanisms against insects, causing mortality or developmental inhibition. In this study, we describe for the first time the volatile chemical composition of O. albidum from Brazil and provide evidence that this species is a source of bioactive compounds. The identified compounds have been reported in the literature to cause mortality or affect the biological parameters of insects, what suggests the possibility of their usage in the formulation of bioinsecticides.

Acrocarpic mosses (Bryophyta) of Chapada das Mesas National Park, Maranhão, Brazil

Chapada das Mesas National Park is located in southwestern Maranhão state, Brazil and comprises several forest types characteristic of the Brazilian Cerrado. We contribute to the knowledge of the distribution of Brazilian bryoflora and provide a list of moss species of Chapada das Mesas National Park. A total of 38 species of acrocarpic mosses were found, with Fissidentaceae being the richest family with 11 species. Of the species recorded, 22 are new occurrences for the state of Maranhão, and 4 of these are new records for the Northeast Region of Brazil. Most of the species recorded are broadly distributed in Brazil (66%), while restricted species represented just 10%. The most common acrocarpic moss species were Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger and Octoblepharum albidum Hedw.

How Tropical Moss Sporophytes Respond to Seasonality: Examples from a Semi-Deciduous Ecosystem in Brazil

Abstract We report on the phenology of the sporophytes of Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. (Calymperaceae), a moss growing in a seasonal ecosystem between the semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest and neotropical savanna areas of Brazil. We examined 100 sporophyte-bearing plants in ten different populations every two weeks between March/2014 and April/2015. This is the first analysis of phenological data of bryophytes using a circular presentation to interpret cyclical phenomena. Sporophyte development events in O. albidum were clearly seasonal, with the frequencies of all phenophases being related principally to rainfall. The three early stages of sporophyte development (immature to post-meiotic sporangium) occurred predominantly during the dry season, contrasting with sporangia dehiscence, which occurred mainly during the rainy season. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive biology of bryophytes in tropical ecosystems, particularly those in seasonal habitats. We also highlight the con...

Heavy Metals Pb, Cu, Co, Ni and Cr Determination Estimation of Biochemical Functions in Mosses in Reference to Chlorophyll along with Elements Zn, Mn and Fe Content in some Residential Sites Using Moss Octoblepharum albidum Hedw

Some residential area of Lucknow were surveyed and Moss Octoblepharum albidum Hedw samples were collected from some selected residential colonies. Samples were collected from soils and moist brick walls and analysed for determination of heavy metals Pb, Cu, Co, Cr and Ni. Samples collected from Garden and Monument areas were treated as Control. Samples collected from Residential areas showed higher level of heavy metals in comparison to the samples collected from Garden and Monument sites. Higher content of lead, Copper and Cobalt was found in the residential areas as compared to the Garden and monument areas. However variable results were obtained with regard to chlorophyll content and Zn, Mn and Fe content in moss samples collected from different locations of Lucknow.

Reproductive traits in the tropical moss Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. differ between rainforest and coastal sites

Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. is an autoicous moss commonly occurring in tropical savannas, dry forests, rainforests and coastal habitats. It frequently reproduces by spores and asexual structures (gemmae and protonemata or buds at leaf tips), making it a good model for understanding how reproductive traits change with respect to habitat type. Our aims were to characterize the different life-history traits in O. albidum relative to sexual and asexual cycles and to detect variations in reproductive performance among the different habitats, trade-offs among these traits, and relationships among reproductive traits and plant length. We studied colonies from two Atlantic rainforests and two coastal sites in north-eastern Brazil. Shoots in the coastal sites, compared to those of the forest sites, had higher numbers of sporophytes, male and female branches per shoot, male gametangia per sexual branch, and longer setae. Numbers of female gametangia per sexual branch did not differ between forest and coastal sites. A male-biased sex ratio of branches and gametangia occurred in all sites. Compared to gemmae, sporophytes and protonemata or buds were more likely to be found on longer shoots than on shorter ones, but this relationship was only applicable to forest sites. The abundant production of gemmae and protonemata or buds at leaf tips, and sporophytes (spores) in O. albidum are important components in explaining colonization success and maintenance in this tropical moss. Longer sporophytic setae in addition to a higher reproductive performance (especially for number of male gametangia and sporophytes per shoot) may favour spore dispersal and colonization in plants of coastal sites.

A New Moss Checklist of Negara Brunei Darussalam

Abstract A new moss checklist with updated nomenclature is given for the small country of Brunei Darussalam located in the northern part of Borneo. A total of 103 species in 50 genera are now collected and reported. The country’s moss flora is still very much undercollected, judging from our present results: (i) the absence of cosmopolitan and common paleotropical species such as Bryum apiculatum Schwägr., Callicostella papillata (Mont.) Mitt., Funaria hygrometrica Hedw., Isopterygium minutirameum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaegr., Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. and Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad.; (ii) the absence of widespread families such as Pottiaceae and Ditrichaceae; and (iii) the under-representation of speciose genera such as Ectropothecium, Macromitrium, Thuidium and Trichosteleum, with only one species collected. The incompleteness of our knowledge of the moss flora makes it impossible to assess the country’s endangered moss species.

Phytochemical screening and synergistic interactions between aminoglycosides, selected antibiotics and extracts from the bryophyte Octoblepharum albidum Hedw (Calymperaceae)

This work is the first to describe the modulation of antibiotic activity of the bryophyte Octoblepharum albidum Hedw extract. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of O. albidum (EEOa), alone and in association with aminoglycosides, was determined against six bacterial strains by a microdilution test. The results showed a similar inhibitory activity of EEOa against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 33018 (MICs 512 ?g/mL). The synergistic effect of the extracts and aminoglycosides was also verified. The most pronounced effects were obtained with EEOa + gentamicin against E. coli and EEOa + kanamycin against K. pneumoniae with MICs reduction (128 to 32 ?g/mL). The data from this study are indicative of the antibacterial activity of the bryophyte O. albidum extracts and its potential in modifying the resistance of aminoglycosides analyzed.

Morfologia dos esporos das espécies de Leucobryaceae Schimp. (Bryophyta) do Parque Estadual de Ilha Grande, Município de Angra dos Reis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro

O presente trabalho trata da analise morfologica dos esporos das especies de Leucobryaceae Schimp. ocorrentes no Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande, Municipio de Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram analisados os esporos de seis especies distribuidas em dois generos: Leucobryum albicans Schwaegr., L. clavatum Hampe, L. crispum C. Muell., L. martianum (Hornsch.) Hampe ex C. Muell., Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. e O. cocuiense Mitt. Diferentes metodos foram utilizados para a analise da morfologia dos esporos. As especies analisadas apresentaram esporos em monades, de tamanho pequeno a medio (10,0-22,5 µm), heteropolares, subcirculares, com regiao apertural proximal, superficie granulada. A regiao apertural e irregular, apresentando-se de forma alongada, subcircular, subtriangular ou sem forma definida. As variacoes encontradas, e que foram utilizadas para a separacao das especies, estao relacionadas ao tamanho dos esporos e a distribuicao dos elementos de ornamentacao.

Reproductive phenology of Octoblepharum albidum (Bryopsida, Leucobryaceae) in a tropical lowland forest of north-eastern Brazil

The seasonality of maturation of gametangia and development of sporophytes of the autoicous moss Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. was investigated in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Two populations of this species were sampled monthly for a period of 2 years. The results obtained were similar in both populations and are presented together. The average number of antheridia produced per perigonium was 13.4 and of archegonia per perichaetium was 6.7. The frequency of juvenile, immature and mature gametangia was considerably greater during the rainy season, when there was also an increase in fertilized archegonia. Sporophytes began their development during the rainy season and continued into the dry season, when the spores were dispersed. The reproductive pattern of this species presented a marked seasonality,apparently greatly influenced by rainfall.

Studies on Polysety in the Nigerian Moss Flora with Special Reference to Octoblepharum albidum and Calymperes subdecolorans

The occurrence of polysety in 15 moss species in Nigeria is re- ported for the first time. The nature of polysety in Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. and Calymperes subdecolorans Card. has been investigated. Polysety was recorded in 5.8% and in 13.1% of inflorescences in C. subdecolorans and in 0. albidum, respectively. It was accompanied by a reduction in viability of the spores but not always by smaller capsules and fewer spores. The development of two or more sporophytes from a single female receptacle, fol- lowing fertilization in two or more archegonia, is known as polysety. Polysety must be distinguished from syncarpy where two capsules develop, probably due to cleavage of the young sporophyte following fertilization in only one archegonium, as found in Pogonatum tortile Doz et Molk. by Lowry (1949). It also differs from polyembryony, which is the existence of two egg-cells within one archegonium resulting in the devel- opment of two superimposed embryos in a common venter, as reported in Sphagnum

Distribution Patterns of West Indian Mosses

Distributions of Indian mosses are analyzed in detail. The Indies is an area of rather high species endemism, although a large portion of the species is common throughout much of tropical The relationship between the Greater Antilles and America is much stronger than expected. The relationships of the Indian species of Pilotrichum indicate some of the patterns of migration of mosses to the Indies. Using revisions, most of which have appeared in the last 25 years, I have summarized the distribution of 230 species of mosses which occur in the Indies. The entire Indian moss flora is much larger than this, of course. Crum and Bartram (1958) record 3 16 species from Jamaica. It is hoped that the selection of groups used in this survey reflects in a fairly representative fashion the kinds of patterns which the remaining mosses have. Revisions have been used because it is felt that, generally, the taxonomy is better in these than in floras. A few records for well-known species have been taken from island floras and check lists (e.g., Crum & Bartram, 1958; Crum & Steere, 1957; Bartram, 1955). The sources of data I have relied on are the following treatments of genera and families: Fissidentaceae (Grout, 1943); Dicranaceae (Williams, 191 3a); Leucobryaceae (Williams, 1913b); Calymperes (Reese, 1961); Orthotrichaceae (Grout, 1946); Pterobryaceae (Arzeni, 1954); Neckeraceae (Wagner, 1951); Hookeriaceae (Welch, 1962, 1966, 1969), Daltonia (Bartram, 1931); Pilotrichum (Crosby, 1969). A chart was made for the distribution of each species. The occurrence of each was recorded for all the major Indian islands, Mexico, and the countries of and In some cases it was possible to list only West Indies, Central or South America. Thus the totals for some of the special tables may not agree with the total for the whole Indies. Trinidad and Tobago were treated together and a record kept for them. These were eventually considered part of For purposes of this discussion Mexico is part of Table 1 summarizes the distribution of Indian mosses. A small portion (ca. 1% ) of the species are pan-tropical. Examples include Fissidens asplenioides Hedw. and Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. The species which occur in the Indies and otherwise only in North America (ca. 4% ) are of two kinds-those which have tropical affinities and barely reach North America, e.g., Calymperes nashii Williams and Cyclodictyon varians (Sull.) 0. Kuntze, and those which barely reach the tropics from the north, e.g., Orthotrichum anomolum Hedw. The species which occur in the Indies and North America as well as and America make up 8 % of the total. These are mainly species with tropical affinities which extend their range into the southeastern United States. 1Missouri Botanical Garden, 2315 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. ANN. MISSOURI BOT. GARD. 56: 409-416. 1969. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.78 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 07:26:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

A Small Collection of Mosses from Northwestern Honduras

Nine species of mosses are reported from the Department of Cortes, Honduras, including Fissidens steerei Grout which was not previously known from Honduras. Mr. John F. Coleman, Jr., of San Pedro Sula, Honduras, a student at the University of Southwestern Louisiana, brought to me recently a collection of mosses that he had made near his home. The collection contained nine species including one, Fissidens steerei Grout, not previously reported from Honduras. All the species in the collection are typical of the low, calcareous, circum-Caribbean regions. All, except Fissidens steerei which is a Central American endemic, are common and widespread in tropical America. With the exception of the two species of Philonotis, which were collected right in San Pedro Sula, the specimens were taken at a site about 22 miles south-southwest of San Pedro Sula. All collections were made in the Department of Cortes during August, 1964. The specimens are in the herbarium of the University of Southwestern Louisiana. For two of the mosses, both of which are very common and widespread, Mr. Coleman recorded local names. The two species and their local names are: Octoblepharum albidum, Adorno de corozo, and Stereophyllum radiculosum, Adorno de raiz. Since corozo refers to a palm and raiz to root, it seems that these two mosses are aptly named. Fissidens kegelianus C. Miill. On a tree root in shade; 20 yards from a stream. Fissidens steerei Grout. With Hyophila tortula; on a dry stone in a stream bed. Not previously reported from Honduras; known otherwise from Yucatan and north along the eastern coast of Mexico, and from Guatemala, but not, as mentioned by Bartram (1949) from Puerto Rico. Hyophila tortula (Schwaegr.) Hampe. On a dry stone in a stream bed. Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. On a tree; in the shade. Philonotis glaucescens (Hornsch.) Par. On soil. Philonotis gracillima Angstr. With P. glaucescens; on soil. Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) C. Miill. With Hyophila tortula; on a dry stone in a stream bed. Stereophyllum cultelliforme (Sull.) Mitt. With Hyophila tortula; on a dry stone in a stream bed. Stereophyllum radiculosum (Hook.) Mitt. On a burnt tree stump.