Occurrence Of Turbidity Research Articles

Comparison of the sealing ability amongst orthograde apical plugs of mineral trioxide aggregate plus, mineral trioxide aggregate repair HP, and Biodentine after root resection: a bacterial leakage study.

This study aimed to analyse the effect of root-end resection on the sealing ability of orthograde apical plugs of three root-end filling materials (MTA Repair HP, Biodentine, MTA Plus) using the bacterial leakage method and compare it with the retrograde root-end filling technique. Eighty-four extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single root and single straight canals were selected and randomly divided into two main experimental groups (n = 36) depending on the apical plug placement technique and a control: Group I: orthograde technique, followed by root-end resection; Group II: retrograde root-end filling technique; one control Group III (n = 12): obturation with gutta-percha, followed by root-end resection. Experimental groups were further subdivided into three subgroups A, B, and C (n = 12) depending on the three different root-end filling materials used. An apical plug of 3mm thickness was obtained in both the experimental groups. The apical sealing ability was evaluated with the dual-chamber bacterial leakage method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis test. By the end of 30days, the occurrence of turbidity indicating bacterial leakage was 75% in MTA Repair HP, 83.3% in Biodentine, and 91.7% in MTA Plus samples. This trend of turbidity was similar in both orthograde and retrograde technique. The control group showed turbidity in all the samples (100%). More MTA Repair HP samples (25%) survived the 30days observation period with no bacterial leakage compared to Biodentine (16.7%) and MTA Plus (8.3%). The sealing ability of already set root-end filling materials placed through the orthograde technique did not deteriorate after root-end resection. Also among three root-end filling materials, MTA Repair HP presented the lowest bacterial microleakage followed by Biodentine and MTA Plus, respectively.

Description of Blood Glucose Levels in Catarac Patients

Vision is one of the factors that are very supportive in our daily lives; vision can be achieved well through the eye. It consists of various parts which are support each other if there is a disturbance in one part, the eye function will not work properly. One of the causes of eye disorders is the occurrence of turbidity in the part of the eye lens which is commonly called cataract. Cataracts can occur due to an increase in high blood glucose levels and the accumulation of one component of glucose (sorbitol) in the area of the lens. Research has been carried out on the description of blood glucose levels in cataract patients at the Cicendo Eye Hospital in Bandung on June 5 - June 8, 2017. The purpose of the research is to find out the blood glucose description in cataract patients. The method of the research is a descriptive. The examination performed by using fasting blood glucose parameters on 36 cataract patients as respondents. Based on the results of the research, 2.7% had low blood glucose levels, 47.3% had normal blood glucose, and 50% had high blood glucose levels.

Effect of post space preparation on the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate and Gutta-percha: A bacterial leakage study.

Aim:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of post space preparation on the sealing ability of teeth obturated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Gutta-percha.Materials and Methods:Fifty intact human mandibular premolars, after decoronation and biomechanical preparation, were randomly divided into three experimental groups. In Group A (n = 10), the canals were obturated with Gutta-percha using cold lateral compaction technique, followed by immediate post space preparation. In Group B (n = 10), the canals were obturated with 8 mm of MTA and in Group C (n = 10), sectional obturation with 4 mm of MTA was done, followed by delayed post space preparation. All specimens were subjected to bacterial leakage analysis, and the occurrence of turbidity was checked.Results:All specimens in the lateral compaction group leaked. The mean number of days at which leakage was observed in Groups A, B and C were 18.5 days, 93.6 days and 95.5 days.Conclusions:MTA can be considered as an alternative to Gutta-percha as an apical third restorative material for teeth indicated for post and core, as it demonstrates better-sealing ability compared with Gutta-percha. Further, the removal of set MTA for post space preparation does not disrupt the integrity of the remaining apical MTA.

Intermolecular complexation and phase separation in aqueous solutions of oppositely charged biopolymers

Turbidity measurements performed at 450 nm were used to follow the process of complex formation, and phase separation in gelatin–agar aqueous solutions. Acid (Type-A) and alkali (Type-B) processed gelatin (polyampholyte) and agar (anionic polyelectrolyte) solutions, both having concentration of 0.1% (w/v) were mixed in various proportions, and the mixture was titrated (with 0.01 M HCl or NaOH) to initiate associative complexation that led to coacervation. The titration profiles clearly established observable transitions in terms of the solution pH corresponding to the first occurrence of turbidity (pH C, formation of soluble complexes), and a point of turbidity maximum (pH ϕ, formation of insoluble complexes). Decreasing the pH beyond pH ϕ drove the system towards precipitation. The values of pH C and pH ϕ characterized the initiation of the formation of intermolecular charge neutralized soluble aggregates, and the subsequent formation of microscopic coacervate droplets. These aggregates were characterized by dynamic light scattering. It was found that Type-A and -B gelatin samples formed soluble intermolecular complexes (and coacervates) with agar molecules through electrostatic and patch-binding interactions, respectively.

AFM Study of Morphology of Ethanol Induced Gelatin Coacervation

ABSTRACT AFM studies have been carried out on coacervating 1% (w/v) aqueous alkali processed gelatin (Type-B) solutions titrated with ethanol close to its iso-electric pH = 5.01 (pI = 4.9). Turbidity measurements performed at 450 nm clearly established the transition points in terms of the percentage of volume of alcohol added relative to that of the total volume corresponding to the first occurrence of turbidity (Vt = 47±2%v/v) and a point of turbidity maximum (). Addition of more alcohol drove the system towards precipitation. The values of Vt and Vp characterized the initiation of intramolecular collapse and intermolecular aggregate formation of the charge neutralized gelatin molecules, and the subsequent micro coacervate droplet formation. The gelatin molecules in the solution were observed to undergo a series of micro-structural transformations as seen by AFM until the coacervates phase was reached. At a critical ethanol concentration of fractal clusters of aggregated polypeptide molecules having fractal dimension were observed.

SPECIATION ANALYSIS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF ALUMINUM TURBIDITY

Determinations of particulate Al (pAl), leachable particulate Al (lpAl), and soluble Al (sAl) along the treatment sequence were used to investigate the occurrence of turbidity at drinking-water plants using aluminum coagulation. The behavior of Al species during filtration was normal when sAl remained at a constant level, while pAl was completely eliminated. When sAl was constant while pAl was not completely eliminated, the presence of residual pAl could be attri buted to problems of filtration effectiveness. When sAl decreased during filtration, the residual pAl could also originate from transformations such as precipitation occurring in the filtration media. When sAl increased, the residual pAl could also originate from precipitate detachments. Increases in sAl during filtration or the presence of partially leachable pAl were associated with deteriorations in residual pAl along filtration runs. The presence of nonleachable pAl denoted the existence of different aluminum forms. This was a supplementary indicator of treatment problems and affected the relationship with turbidity. In addition to demonstrating the occurrence of aluminum turbidity, speciation analysis offered a characterization of turbidity and its origin. By contributing to the evidence as well as the understanding of treatment problems, these speciation methodologies can be useful to minimize aluminum turbidity.

MIDDLE MIOCENE DASHAVA FORMATION SANDSTONES, CARPATHIAN FOREDEEP, UKRAINE

Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) sandstones in the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep are important exploration targets for natural gas. In this paper, we report on petrophysical studies on core samples of these sandstones with which we integrate wireline log data from 42 boreholes. Sarmation siltstones and sandstones in the study area are assigned to the lower part of the Dashava Formation. Seventeen units (LD 17 to LD 1:0.05 to 5m thick) are recognized in this formation on the basis of lithostratigraphy and log response. Sandstone content is highest within three lithostratigraphic complexes corresponding to units LD17‐LD14, LD9‐LD8 and LD5‐LD3.During the Sarmatian, the Carpathian Foredeep was characterized by two depositional systems: a basinal turbidite system, and a second, more mixed system. Important controls on sedimentation included basin configuration and water depth, the occurrence of turbidity and other currents, and the location of provenance areas. Clastic material was delivered to the basin by rivers and ephemeral streams mostly from the Carpathian foldbelt. The content of sandy material within the Sarmatian succession increases from NW to SE, and from the central portion of the Krukenychy depression to the margins of the basin.

Turbidity dynamics in karstic systems. Example of Ribaa and Bittit springs in the Middle Atlas (Morocco)

The identification of the turbidity mechanisms in two karstic springs (Ribaa and Bittit) located in the Middle Atlas Plateau in Morocco was performed by means of correlation and spectral analyses applied to time series of rainfall, flow rates, and turbidity. Time series analyses of rainfall and discharges revealed high inertia and storage capacities of the karstic systems. However, the occurrence of turbidity in the springs proved independent of discharges. A causal relationship between rainfall and the occurrence of turbidity in the form of waves was established. Accordingly, turbidity was assumed to be related to the hydrodynamic conditions prevailing in the karst. Turbulent quickflows in the karst transmissive conduits, following heavy rainfall, are thought to provoke the resuspension of solid particles deposited in the conduits, as well as their transport towards outlets. An external origin has also been contemplated, concerning infiltration waters may be loaded with suspended matters washed from the watershed.

Systematic of alcohol-induced simple coacervation in aqueous gelatin solutions.

Turbidity measurements performed at 450 nm were used to follow the process of simple coacervation when 1% (w/v) aqueous alkali processed gelatin (type-B) solutions were titrated with methanol, ethanol, propanol, and tert-butyl alcohol at various pHs of the solution ranging from pH = 5 to 8 and ionic strengths varying from I = 0.01 to 0.1 M NaCl. The titration profiles clearly established the transition points in terms of the percentage of volume of alcohol added relative to that of solvent corresponding to the first occurrence of turbidity (Vt) and a point of turbidity maximum (Vp). Addition of more alcohol drove the system toward precipitation. The values of Vt and Vp characterized the initiation of intramolecular folding and intermolecular aggregate formation of the charge neutralized gelatin molecules and the subsequent micro coacervate droplet formation. The state of intermolecular aggregates and that of folded gelatin molecules could be characterized by dynamic laser light scattering experiments, which implied spontaneous segregation of particle sizes preceding coacervation. The aggregates constitute the coacervate phase while the folded gelatin molecules mostly stay dispersed in the supernatant. The data taken together reveal the role played by solution entropy in addition to that of electrostatic and solute-solvent interactions, which had been overlooked hitherto.

Determination of orthophosphate in highly saline waters

Standard methods for the determination of phosphorus as phosphate ion are now well established for fresh and marine waters. In highly saline waters, however, salt effects due to ionic strength, or to particular ions present, may result in method interferences. Three methods of analysis of phosphate based on the formation of phosphomolybdenum blue complexes have been evaluated here for hypersaline waters. Stannous chloride reduction in aqueous media exhibits a substantial salt effect and its use is not recommended. Stannous chloride reduction following extraction into non aqueous solvents shows a significant salt effect (up to 30 per cent) in solutions of salinity >100 g L−1. Dilution of hypersaline waters to below this salinity may overcome the salt effect but the method suffers from other disadvantages involving resource constraints and health and safety considerations. Ascorbic acid reduction, catalysed by antimony (III) ions, appears to offer the most promise for hypersaline waters. Turbidity in samples having high salinity (> 100 g L−1) and high phosphorus concentrations (> 500 μg P L−1) changes the spectral characteristics of solutions but linear calibration curves still result for concentrations in the range 400 to 1,000 μg P L−1. The occurrence of turbidity is also affected by the ionic composition of hypersaline waters since solutions made from sea salt give different results to those made from sodium chloride. Dilution of samples, to give salinities less than 100 g L−1 prior to reduction is recommended to avoid turbidity. The salt effect in these lower salinity waters is less than 3 per cent up to 100 g L−1.

Pseudohyperphosphataemia in patients with multiple myeloma.

The phosphate concentrations were measured in 41 patients who had multiple myeloma with paraproteinaemia using four different methods to compare the incidence of pseudohyperphosphataemia. The direct acid/molybdate method produced the highest number of anomalous results. The erroneously high phosphate concentration was attributable to the presence of turbidity in the reaction mixture. No association was found between paraprotein type and occurrence of turbidity. The direct acid/molybdate method was unreliable in patients with serum paraproteins and should therefore not be used for the measurement of phosphate concentration in such patients.

Influence of Solvent Vapors on the Occurrence of Turbidity during Color Development with the Nessler Reagent.

Influence of Solvent Vapors on the Occurrence of Turbidity during Color Development with the Nessler Reagent.

THE DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF BENCE-JONES ALBUMOSURIA.

In the middle of the present century, Bence-Jones described a peculiar reaction of the urine, namely, the occurrence of turbidity on heating, or of a precipitate on addition of nitric acid, but clearing up on further heating and recurring on cooling. The substance on which this reaction depends was further found to be precipitable by alcohol, the precipitate being soluble in water. The body was recognized to be an albuminoid substance, but only many years later was it shown by Kühne to be an albumose, differing in its relations, however, from other albumoses. Since then not many cases have been placed on record in which the urine is reported to have this reaction present. The first two were considered to be instances of osteomalacia, and almost all of the others have been attended with disease of the bone-marrow for which the designation "multiple myelomata" has been proposed. The symptoms present