Occurrence Of Self-harm Research Articles

社会工作参与邪教治理的介入路径研究

The illegal activities of cult organizations have brought enormous human, material, and economic losses to the country and people, and have caused irreparable personal harm to innocent people. The repeated occurrence of self harm or violence against others caused by cults that harm society shows that the remnants of cults have not been completely eliminated. Under the joint crackdown of multiple government departments and systematic operation, large-scale cult organizations have collapsed, but sporadic and small-scale cult activities are difficult to completely eradicate. Therefore, eliminating the breeding ground for cults and gradually cleaning up the problem of cult governance in cult organizations should be highly valued by the Party and the government, and preventing sporadic cults from resurgence through various opportunities. In terms of cult governance, the government has invested a large amount of governance resources, severely cracking down on cults and transforming cult followers, while safeguarding the basic rights of individuals involved in cults and guiding them to return to the community. From the professional perspective of social work, using the theoretical perspective of social work to analyze the problems of cults, and proposing the use of the three major professional methods of social work to participate in the governance of cults and the transformation of cult believers, promoting better solutions to cult governance issues.

Fluctuations in anger, depressive symptoms, and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors throughout partial hospitalization treatment

Self-injurious thoughts and behavior (SITB), including passive and active suicidal ideation (SI) and self-harm (SH) urges and behavior, are critical phenomena to predict and target during treatment. Partial hospital programs (PHP) provide unique opportunities to understand how negative affect (e.g., depression and anger) and SITB fluctuate daily. The current study aimed to explore associations between aspects of negative affect (depression and anger) and types of SITB throughout PHP treatment. PHP patients (N = 1625) who attend at least five days of treatment were included in the current sample. Anger-related symptoms, depressive symptoms, SH urges, SH occurrence, passive SI, and active SI were measured daily. A series of generalized linear mixed models were conducted to examine whether depressive and anger-related symptoms predicted SITB across patients (between-person) and throughout PHP treatment (within-person). At the between-person level, higher average depressive symptoms predicted greater severity of all forms of SITB, whereas higher average anger-related symptoms predicted greater severity SH urges and occurrence. At the within-person level, increases in depressive symptoms were associated with increases in all aspects of SITB, whereas increases in anger-related symptoms predicted increases in passive and active SI. The current study suggests that monitoring changes in negative affect throughout treatment can provide possible targets to reduce SITB.

What are the sociodemographic and gender determinants of non-fatal self-harm in older adult users and non-users of antidepressants? A national population-based study

BackgroundLate-life self-harm (SH) is often linked to depression. However, very few studies have explored the role of other factors and their interaction with depression in the occurrence of late-life SH. The objective of this research was to examine sociodemographic and gender factors associated with non-fatal SH, in older adults with and without antidepressant therapy.MethodsWe used national longitudinal register data from a total cohort of all Swedish residents aged ≥75 years between 2006 and 2014 (N = 1,413,806). Using personal identity numbers, we linked individuals’ data from numerous national registers. We identified all those with at least one episode of non-fatal self-harm (regardless of level of intent to die) and matched 50 controls to each case. A nested case–control design was used to investigate sociodemographic factors associated with non-fatal SH in the total cohort and among antidepressant users and non-users. Risk factors were analysed in adjusted conditional logistic regression models for the entire cohort and by gender.ResultsIn all, 2242 individuals had at least one episode of a non-fatal SH (980 men and 1262 women). Being unmarried was a risk factor for non-fatal SH in men but not in women. Among users of antidepressants, higher non-fatal SH risk was observed in those born outside the Nordic countries (IRR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11–1.86), whereas in AD non-users increased risk was seen in those from Nordic countries other than Sweden (IRR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.08–2.29). Antidepressant users with higher education had an increased risk of non-fatal SH (IRR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12–1.61), in both men and women.ConclusionsForeign country of birth was associated with increased risk for non-fatal SH in older adults with and without AD therapies. Being married was a protective factor for non-fatal SH in men. The complex association between sociodemographic factors and use of antidepressants in the occurrence of self-harm in older men and women indicates the need for multifaceted tailored preventive strategies including healthcare and social services alike.

Assessing the predictability of self-harm in a high-risk adult prisoner population: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundPrisoners are at increased risk of self-harm and when either intent is expressed, or an act of self-harm carried out, prisoners in the UK are subject to self-harm/suicide monitoring (referred to as “open ACCT” monitoring). However, there is a paucity of validated instruments to identify risk of self-harm in prisoner populations. In response to the need to support prison staff to determine who is at increased risk of self-harm or repeat self-harm, the aim of this study was to determine whether any pre-existing, standardised instruments could usefully identify future self-harm events in prisoners undergoing ACCT monitoring.MethodsA multi-stage prospective cohort study was conducted, where the Prison Screening Questionnaire (PriSnQuest), a modified Borderline Symptom List-23 (BSL-23), Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) instruments were administered to prisoners aged 18 and above, who were judged to be at an increased risk of self-harm (on open ACCT monitoring) during the recruitment phase. A 6-month follow-up determined self-harm occurrence since baseline, and Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) analysis examined the ability of the instruments to predict future self-harm.ResultsPrison records established that 29.1% self-harmed during the follow up period, involving a total of 423 self-harm events reported from 126 individuals, followed up for 66,789 prisoner days (median 167 days; IQR 71–207.5 days). This translated to an ‘event incidence’ of 6.33 per 1000 prisoner days of those who had been placed upon an ACCT, or ‘prisoner incidence’ of 1.89 per 1000 days, with considerable variation for both gender and participating prisons. None of the summary scores derived from the selected instruments showed a meaningful ability to predict self-harm, however, exploratory logistic regression analysis of individual background and instrument items revealed gender-specific item sets which were statistically significant in predicting future self-harm.ConclusionsProspective self-harm was not predicted by any of the pre-existing instruments that were under consideration. Exploratory logistic regression analysis did reveal gender-specific item sets, producing predictive algorithms which were statistically significant in predicting future self-harm; however, the operational functionality of these item sets may be limited.

Connection between Parenting Styles and Self-harm in Adolescence

The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between parenting styles and the occurrence of self-harm in adolescence, in the context of potential gender differences. In a large-scale survey, we administered a questionnaire asking about basic demographic characteristics, perceived quality of relationships within the respondents’ families, and the occurrence of self-injurious behavior. The questionnaire therefore contained the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire (Gutierrez, 2001) and the Self-Harm Inventory (Sansone, Sansone & Wiedermann, 1995), and the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Parenting Styles in the Family (Čáp, 1994). The research sample consisted of 1,466 respondents aged between 11 and 16 years, of whom almost 20% had at least some experience with self-harm. Adolescents living in two-parent families were less likely to harm themselves: Nearly 60% of all adolescents coming from complete families had no experience with self-harm at all. Adolescents from single-parent families, on the other hand, were most frequently found among experimenters and chronic self-harmers – in both groups they constituted more than 20% of respondents. The study yielded interesting findings regarding the quality of respondents’ relationships with parents as well as perceived parenting styles, with self-harm occurring very frequently with weak and inconsistent parenting styles (around 40% each).

Assessment of self-harm risk using implicit thoughts.

Assessing for the risk of self-harm in acute care is a difficult task, and more information on pertinent risk factors is needed to inform clinical practice. This study examined the relationship of 6 forms of implicit cognition about death, suicide, and self-harm with the occurrence of self-harm in the future. We then attempted to develop a model using these measures of implicit cognition along with other psychometric tests and clinical risk factors. We conducted a prospective cohort of 107 patients (age > 17 years) with a baseline assessment that included 6 implicit association tests that assessed thoughts of death, suicide, and self-harm. Psychometric questionnaires were also completed by the patients, and these included the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974), Barratt impulsiveness scale (Patton, Stanford, & Barratt, 1995), brief symptom inventory (Derogatis & Melisaratos, 1983), CAGE questionnaire for alcoholism (Ewing, 1984), and the drug abuse screening test 10 (Skinner, 1982). Medical and demographic information was also obtained for patients as potential confounders or useful covariables. The outcome measure was the occurrence of self-harm within 3 months. Implicit associations with death versus life as a predictor added significantly (odds ratio = 5.1, 95% confidence interval [1.3, 20.3]) to a multivariable model. The model had 96.6% sensitivity and 53.9% specificity with a high cutoff, or 58.6% sensitivity and 96.2% specificity with a low cutoff. This scale shows promise for screening emergency department patients with mental health presentations who may be at risk for future self-harm or suicide.