Occurrence Of Neoplastic Diseases Research Articles

Colposcopic, Histologic and Immunohistochemical Assessment in Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions

It is widely accepted that HPV infection precedes the occurrence of neoplastic disease in a varying time frame, and HPV testing can detect 30-100% more cervical precancers than conventional cytology and 20-50% more precancers than liquid-based cytology. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions include the categories of mild dysplasia, respectively cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1, and complementary, various descriptors indicating the presence of Human papilloma virus, such as koilocytotic atypia or condilomatous dysplasia. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions cytologically consist of moderate and severe dysplasia, respectively cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, 3 and carcinoma in situ. The purpose of our paper is to analyze the cytological and colposcopic characteristics in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions cervical lesions and to accomplish histological and immunohistochemical correlations in these cervical intraepithelial lesions. Systematic three-step colposcopic evaluation using successively, normal saline with or without green filter, acetic acid and Lugol staining provides enhanced efficiency to the colposcopic examination and allows a more individualized and targeted surgical, medical or expectant management. Special microscopic techniques are very important in diagnosing and grading cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

A two-year dietary carcinogenicity study of (2R,4R)-monatin salt in mice

Groups of Crl:CD-1 (ICR) mice (60/group/sex) were fed 0 (2 control groups), 5000, 20,000, or 40,000 ppm of enzymatically sourced (2R,4R)-monatin salt (“R,R-monatin”) in the diet for up to two years. There were no adverse effects on survival, incidence of palpable masses and tumors, feed consumption, hematology or serum chemistry parameters, organ weights, or ophthalmic, macroscopic, and microscopic examinations. The only notable effect was statistically significantly lower mean body weights and body weight gains in all treated groups, which generally occurred throughout the study and were most likely a result of caloric dilution of the test diets and not considered adverse. There were no test article-related changes in the incidence or occurrence of neoplastic diseases in mice on this study. The no-observed-effect-level (NOEL) for carcinogenicity of R,R-monatin fed to mice for 24 months was 40,000 ppm, the highest dietary concentration tested, which was equivalent to approximately 6502 and 7996 mg/kg bw/day in males and females, respectively.

Favorable Long‐Term Survival in Patients Undergoing Stent PCI of Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Compared to Predicted Short‐Term Prognosis of CABG Estimated by EuroSCORE: Clinical Determinants of Long‐Term Outcome

The long-term outcome of patients (pts) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) is unclear so far. We prospectively investigated the outcome of 102 consecutive patients who underwent stent PCI of unprotected LMCA. Patients were divided according to clinical indication for PCI: stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (N = 60), NSTEMI (N = 18), STEMI (N = 24). Expected in-hospital mortality of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was calculated using the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) and compared to the observed survival rate during long-term follow-up (mean 1.8 +/- 1.2 years). The observed 30-day mortality was 1.7% (1/60 pts) in patients with stable CAD, 11% (2/18 pts) in NSTEMI patients, and 13% (3/24 pts) in STEMI patients. The observed mortality was lower than the predicted mortality of CABG as calculated by the logistic EuroSCORE. Using receiver-operator characteristics curves (ROC), EuroSCORE demonstrated a high predictive value for both 30-day mortality as well as 1-year mortality (AUC > 0.8; P < 0.01). Prognostically relevant patient related factors (P < 0.01) included severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HR 3.24), ACS (HR 3.18), STEMI (HR: 3.01), Killip class IV (HR 7.69), occurrence of neoplastic disease (HR 3.97), and elevated CRP (HR 3.86). LMCA-PCI was associated with lower long-term mortality rates compared to the estimated mortality of CABG. This prospective observational study suggests that DES-PCI of unprotected LMCA in "all-comers" can be carried out with reasonable risk.

Is the extent of paratracheal nodal irradiation in laryngeal cancer with subglottic extension related to outcome?

During a 20-year period, we treated 26 patients with radiation after total laryngectomy because of laryngeal cancer with subglottic extension (LCSE). The paratracheal lymph nodes superior (and inferior in two cases) to the suprasternal notch were irradiated in addition to the primary tumour bed. With a follow-up period ranging from 5 to 185 months, the occurrence of neoplastic disease in the upper mediastinum was not observed in a single case. The rates of recurrent tumour in the neck and distant metastasis were both 8%. The 6-year survival rate was 67%. The observed results lead us to the conclusion that even with non-irradiation of the superior mediastinal paratracheal lymph nodes, postoperative radiotherapy can achieve reasonable long-term disease-free survival in patients with LCSE.

Patterns of cancer in the families of children with soft tissue sarcoma

Childhood soft tissue sarcomas are known to occur in a number of genetic syndromes. This study assesses the proportion of soft tissue sarcoma diagnosed in childhood associated with genetic predisposition to cancer. Information on the occurrence of neoplastic disease was collected for 151 of 179 families of a population-based series of children with soft tissue sarcoma. Considering the index child as the proband, 5 of the 151 families manifested the classic Li-Fraumeni cancer family syndrome according to standard criteria and a further 10 families showed features consistent with the syndrome. One proband had double primary syndrome cancers. One other family had a sibling pair of childhood cancers, seven families had cancer which had occurred in childhood in other relatives, and three families had adult-onset sarcomas in more distant relatives. In another 16 families, one parent or the other had developed a possible syndrome cancer, or had developed cancer when younger than 60 years of age. Two families showed striking clusters of stomach cancer. Five case children were thought to have been affected with neurofibromatosis. Genetic predisposition to cancer was thought to be present in 7% to 33% of families interviewed.

Pleural plaques and risk of cancer in Turin, northwestern Italy. An autopsy study.

The relationship between the occurrence of neoplastic diseases and the presence of pleural plaques was studied in a series of 1097 autopsies performed in Turin from the adult general population. In men, pleural plaques showed an association with the presence of laryngeal, pulmonary, esophageal, and colorectal cancer. Only cancer of the larynx was strongly related to the occurrence of such pleural changes. This autopsy investigation confirms previous observations by others based on x-ray findings, and suggests that pleural plaques may be regarded as risk indicators of possibly asbestos-related tumors in the general population.

Regionalization of Cancer Control Efforts in the U.S.A.

The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, one of the first of the nation's twenty-one Comprehensive Cancer Centers, established a cancer control program to mobilize resources to improve patient care and prevent the occurrence of neoplastic diseases. Initial efforts were based on the results of a series of investigations conducted in four communities. Findings from these studies were then converted into a series of programmatic interventions. The strategy included integrated approaches to creating a community education program within the overall effort.

The Carcinogenic Activity of Methylcholanthrene in Rats

Studies of induced Cysticercus sarcoma in rats have demonstrated (1) a direct relationship between the number of parasites in the host's liver and the duration of the latent period. An increase in the number of cysts decreased directly the average time interval before the onset of malignant disease and increased directly the probability of its occurrence, demonstrating that the extent of the surface area of the host's tissue exposed to the incitant is an important factor in the initiation of the malignant process. Previously demonstrated (2) genetic differences in the occurrence of Cysticercus sarcoma were defined (1) as differences in the host's susceptibility to Cysticercus infestation and in longevity or resistance to common laboratory diseases. Families with a low percentage of bearers of Cysticercus sarcoma among the infested rats were relatively short-lived and resistant to Cysticercus disease, while longevity or increased susceptibility to Cysticercus infestation contributed equally to a higher percentage of bearers of induced Cysticercus tumors. The occurrence of neoplastic disease in the walls of Cysticercus cysts was found (3) to be fortuitously distributed among the several lobes of the liver and the several types of cells which composed the cyst wall. Further, malignant disease in Cysticercus cysts was shown to be independent (4) of the age of the rat when infested, and among equally infested rats to be independent of the genetic susceptibility of the host to Cysticercus infestation.