Occurrence Of Neck Pain Research Articles

Identification of Factors Associated with Nonspecific Neck Pain in Working Women

Abstract Objectives Neck pain is a broad term that encompasses both nonspecific neck pain and neck pain-related disorders. It causes discomfort, impaired quality of life, disability, and affects workability alike in men as well as women. This study was designed to determine prevalence and evaluate the association of different factors with the occurrence of nonspecific neck pain in working women. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on working women (n = 196) age group between 25 and 53 years. A Google Form of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated With Non-Specific Neck Pain scale and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scale was given to individuals and further objective assessment of physical factors was conducted. Statistical Analysis The association between individual, workplace, lifestyle, physical and psychological factors, and NDI levels of disability was also investigated using Pearson's correlation test and the chi-squared test using SPSS version 28.0. Results Frequency of nonspecific neck pain in working women was 47.55%. Marital status was a significant (χ2 = 8.89) factor toward occurrence of neck pain in working women. Number of working hours/week (χ2 = 19.97), number of hours spend for entertainment on the computer (χ2 = 41.84), and height of keyboard & mouse (χ2 = 18.52) were significant factors leading to neck pain at workplace. Lifestyle factors such as mobile phones usage (p-value = 0.02) and posture assumed while using them (χ2 = 19.56) were significantly associated with neck disability. Levels of disability were significantly influenced by physical factors like tragus-to-wall tests (r = 0.33) and cervical flexion and extension ranges (r = 0.41 and r = 0.31). Importantly, psychological factors were strongly associated with neck pain and disability. Conclusion Factors under psychological, workplace, and lifestyle domains were found significantly associated with nonspecific neck pain in working women.

Neck pain among students of the faculty of medicine and pharmacy of Marrakech

Our objective was to investigate neck pain occurrence among students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech (FMPM), pinpoint its associated factors, and propose effective prevention strategies. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate its medical and psychological impact on physical activity and study quality. To achieve our goals, we conducted over three-month period a cross-sectional study among FMPM students from 2nd to 7th year, using a self-questionnaire with both descriptive and analytical purposes, from June 2022 to September 2022.We considered students with neck pain as those who had undergone an episode of neck pain within the previous year. Our research consisted of 206 students, with a gender ratio of 3.4 and an average age of 23 years. The results indicated that the vast majority of students (81.1%) had experienced neck pain within the past year, but for most, the pain lasted less than a week. During the survey, neck pain was reported by 18.4% of students. Our analysis discovered that there was a significant correlation between the occurrence of neck pain within the past year and age, family history of degenerative disc diseases, prior neck pain, amount of sleep, and computer use for studying. Through our research, we have confirmed that neck pain is a significant health issue for FMPM students. In order to address this problem and decrease its occurrence and impact, we have suggested preventative measures. To achieve this, we have put up posters in the faculty hall and shared a link online within student groups, which provides information on exercises and proper posture.

Predictive Factors Associated with Chronic Neck Pain in Patients with Cervical Degenerative Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

To explore the predictive factors of neck pain (NP) in patients with cervical degenerative disease by retrospectively analyzing their occupational and demographic characteristics and to provide a valuable reference for preventing and treating chronic NP. We retrospectively reviewed the occupational and demographic data of patients with cervical degenerative disease who had undergone anterior cervical surgery between June 2021 and December 2022 at our center. The patients were divided into NP and no-NP groups based on whether they had chronic NP before surgery. Relevant occupational and demographic data from all patients were statistically analyzed, and all variables were made categorical. Forward stepwise logistic regression models were constructed for preoperative chronic neck pain to explore the possible risk factors associated with chronic neck pain. The differences in smoking, being an office worker, BMI, and disease types between NP and no-NP groups were statistically significant. In contrast, there were no statistically significant in age, sex, academic level, duration, and degeneration grade between the two groups. Moreover, further logistic regression analysis indicated that smoking, being an office worker, having an abnormal BMI, and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) were related to chronic neck pain. The present study indicated that smoking, being an office worker, having an abnormal BMI, and CSR were predisposing risk factors for NP associated with cervical degenerative disease. Although intervertebral disc degeneration is the pathology basis of NP, the degeneration grade was not related to the occurrence of NP in our current study. Therefore, quitting smoking, avoiding sedentariness, and maintaining a normal BMI may prevent NP to some extent.

Prevalence and risk factors of occupational neck pain in Chinese male fighter pilots: a cross-sectional study based on questionnaire and cervical sagittal alignment.

Neck pain (NP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder among fighter pilots and has become a rising concern due to its detrimental impact on military combat effectiveness. The occurrence of NP is influenced by a variety of factors, but less attention has been paid to the association of NP with demographic, occupational, and cervical sagittal characteristics in this group. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of NP in Chinese male fighter pilots using a questionnaire and cervical sagittal measurements. Demographic and flight-related data, as well as musculoskeletal pain information, were gathered from Chinese male fighter pilots via a self-report questionnaire. Cervical sagittal parameters were measured and subtypes were classified using standardized lateral cervical radiographs. Differences in various factors between the case and control groups were analyzed using t-tests or chi-square tests. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to explore potential risk factors contributing to NP. Predictors were presented as crude odds ratios (CORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs), along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 185 male fighter pilots were included in this cross-sectional study. Among them, 96 (51.9%) reported experiencing NP within the previous 12 months. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that continuous flight training (AOR: 4.695, 95% CI: 2.226-9.901, p < 0.001), shoulder pain (AOR: 11.891, 95% CI: 4.671-30.268, p < 0.001), and low back pain (AOR: 3.452, 95% CI: 1.600-7.446, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with NP. The high 12-month prevalence of NP among Chinese male fighter pilots confirms the existence of this growing problem. Continuous flight training, shoulder pain, and low back pain have significant negative effects on pilots' neck health. Effective strategies are necessary to establish appropriate training schedules to reduce NP, and a more holistic perspective on musculoskeletal protection is needed. Given that spinal integrated balance and compensatory mechanisms may maintain individuals in a subclinical state, predicting the incidence of NP in fighter pilots based solely on sagittal characteristics in the cervical region may be inadequate.

Is cervicodynia associated with head load carrying in construction site workers in Lucknow

Background: Cervicodynia is one of the most common musculoskeletal symptoms reported by construction workers, particularly those involved in head-load carrying jobs. One of the reasons for this could be accelerated degenerative changes in the cervical spine as a result of continuous stress on it owing to head-load carrying. Apart from carrying a heavy load on the head, frequently have to work in an awkward posture involving “repeated movement of the back and limbs and work above the shoulder during loading on the head and unloading as well as stacking bricks.” In response to the continuous stresses on the neck muscles, Cervicodynia is a commonly occurring phenomenon among construction workers, particularly head-load carrying workers. Aims and Objectives: This cross-sectional study aims to determine the association between cervicodynia and head-load carrying in construction site workers in Lucknow. Materials and Methods: A total 68 workers were enrolled in the study and their details were recorded in the questionnaire Pro forma and they were asked to provide their job details. Those workers responding affirmatively to cervicodynia, the intensity, and its distribution along the brachial plexus and vertigo was recorded. Data were recorded on a separate case recording sheet, and statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 21.0 statistical Analysis Software. The values were represented in number (%) and Mean±SD. The Chi-square test and Student’s “t” test was used. The level of significance was P&lt;0.05. Results: Out of 68 workers, 57.4% were male, whereas 42.6% were female with a mean age of 32.15 years. The overall complaints of neck pain were 55.9%. Workers with complaints of neck pain carry significantly higher weight per round, carry weight for significantly longer duration, and cover significantly longer distance with weight. Conclusion: It can be concluded that cervicodynia is a common occurrence among construction workers, particularly, head-load carriers. Although univariate analysis highlighted the role of occupational factors in the occurrence of neck pain, on multivariate assessment, only age emerged as an independent predictor.

Higher Duration of Laptop Usage Associated with the Occurrence of Neck Disability in Undergraduate Physical Therapy Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: To prevent the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic, all students in Indonesia were learning from home using laptops for long durations, that cause neck disabilities. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between laptop use and disability in the neck region.&#x0D; Methods: This study was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis with 106 students in semesters 3rd, 5th, and 7th as participants. Data was taken using a questionnaire on a google form which was distributed in August 2021. Participant data such as age, gender, semester level, height, weight, physical activity per day and per week, use of Kinesio taping, any physiotherapy action taken for neck pain, use of pain medication, use of laptops per day and per week, and ergonomic position were collected as predictors of neck pain which were interpreted if the neck disability index questionnaire (NDI) value was &gt;60%.&#x0D; Results: This study showed the results of 106 participants that have been analyzed, an increase of 1 hour of laptop use in students has a significant relation to an increase in neck pain of 3.1% after adjusting with other variables (p = 0.034). At the same time, other characteristics did not show a significant effect after adjusting with other variables on the occurrence of neck pain.&#x0D; Conclusions: With every increase in the possibility of using a laptop in undergraduate students, there was a significant increase in the risk of developing NDI after adjusting with other variables (gender, use of painkillers, ergonomic position, physical activity, and semester).

The Correlation Between Posture, Duration of Gadget Usage and Physical Activity during COVID-19 Pandemic to The Occurrence of Neck Pain among Medical Students in Udayana University

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Increased duration of gadget usage since COVID-19 pandemics can cause various negative impacts if implemented without considering ergonomic factors, especially body and neck posture. One of those impacts that often found is musculoskeletal disorders like neck pain due to excessive cervical flexion load. However, incidence of neck pain also affected by many other factors, such as physical activity and exercise habit. This study aims to determine the correlation between posture, duration of gadget usage, and physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic to the occurrence of neck pain among Medical Students in Udayana University. An analytical observational study was conducted with cross-sectional approach using questionnaire adapted from Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to measure quantity and quality of neck pain of 106 medical students in Udayana University. The correlation between variables was then analyzed by Chi-square test. Results of this study showed that 77.4% of medical students in Udayana University usually use gadget ?56 hours a week and 61.3% of medical students have experienced neck pain in last 12 months during COVID-19 pandemic. Analytical study showed that correlation between posture and neck pain has p-value = 0.016 (&lt;0.05), physical activity and neck pain has p-value = 0.012 (&lt;0.05), while duration of gadget usage and neck pain has p-value = 0.733 (&gt;0.05). It can be concluded that there are significant correlations between posture while using gadget and physical activity to neck pain, but there is no significant correlation between duration of gadget usage and neck pain during COVID-19 pandemic among medical students in Udayana University.&#x0D; Keywords : posture; duration; gadget; physical activity; neck pain; medical students

Mengenal Lebih Dekat Dampak Aktivitas Work from Home (WFH) dan Neck Pain di Masa Pandemi

Since the pandemic, all countries have implemented Work From Home (WFH) policies, which are new policies that utilize the virtual world. As for the negative effects that can be given from WFH, such as the occurrence of Neck Pain. Neck Pain is pain in the cervical spine from the superior line of the first thoracic spinous nuchal process. Reported cases of neck pain in office workers as much as 15% to 34.4%. Source searches were carried out on the online portal of journal publications as many as 27 sources from Medscape, Google Scholar, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with the keywords WFH and Neck Pain. Sitting in a chair or bed without a table while working on a computer or laptop can cause neck pain and the upper or lower back area. When fatigue occurs in the neck muscles, it can cause static muscle contractions that last a long time, if this condition occurs continuously there will be pain and discomfort in the neck muscle area which can eventually lead to disability. In this study, the author uses a qualitative method with a literature review research paradigm. Qualitative research methods are carried out in natural conditions and carried out on direct data sources. The purpose of the qualitative method is to gain an understanding of the meaning of the problem to be studied.

Hubungan Durasi dan Postur Duduk terhadap Terjadinya Nyeri Leher Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana

Neck pain is felt in the posterior cervical region. Neck pain is placed fourth on the global burden of musculoskeletal at the World Health Organization and impacts a person’s productivity. The cause of neck pain itself cannot be clearly identified, but several risk factors are associated with neck pain. For example, age, occupation, sitting posture, duration of sitting, stress, body mass index, smoking history and gender. This study aims to determine the relationship between duration and sitting posture on the occurrence of neck pain in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. This study is a cross-sectional analytic study that uses the NDI (Neck Disability Index) questionnaire. Neck pain intensity poin used to assess the occurrence of neck pain. This study had 206 research subjects. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistic version 20. The chi-square test results showed that a significance value of 0.338 for the relation between sitting duration and the occurrence of neck pain, and a value of 0.949 for the relation between sitting posture and the occurrence of neck pain. From the analysis, it was found that there were no correlation between sitting duration and sitting posture on the occurrence of neck pain in students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana. It is necessary to do further research on other factors that can cause neck pain in students.&#x0D; Keywords : neck pain, sitting duration, sitting posture, Neck Disability Index

Use of mobile phones by youth regarding the potential health consequences – a survey study

Introduction and purpose of work: The widespread availability and multi-functionality of mobile phones among young people cause that these devices are used not only for communication, but also for entertainment, learning, and remote work. However, excessive and unconscious use of mobile phones can adversely affect health through addiction and the FOMO – fear of missing out syndrome, resulting in lower self-esteem, depression, learning difficulties, and sleep problems.Material and method: The material was collected using the diagnostic survey method. The study involved 451 people aged 10-25, divided into three age groups: 10-15, 16-19, and 20-25. The results were compared with the literature from the last 5 years available on the PubMed database.Results: Mobile phones are mainly used for communicating on social networks, listening to music, taking photos, education, and organizational matters. The majority (70.0%) of respondents admit using the telephone while eating alone, more than half (54.0%) at school or during university activities, and about one fifth (21.3%) of people while driving, cycling, riding scooter, or skateboarding. More than half of the users use the telephone in the toilet, 52.1% of which disinfect the telephone. The average time of using a mobile phone is 2-4 hours a day, but among people aged 16-19 and in the female group it is higher, over 4 hours a day. Since the beginning of the pandemic, almost three-quarters (73.3%) of respondents have been using phones more frequently. In addition, there is a significant relationship between longer telephone use and the occurrence of neck pain and problems with falling asleep.Conclusions: Nowadays, mobile phones are a helpful and convenient tool for study, work, organization, or entertainment, especially among young people during COVID-19 pandemic. However, its excessive use may have a detrimental effect on sleep, while in situations requiring concentration such as learning or driving, it can result in distraction. Careful use of the mobile phone including limiting the time spent on phone applications is essential to prevent inappropriate habits and adolescents’ addiction to phones.

Hubungan Masa Kerja Dan Lama Kerja Dengan Nyeri Leher Pada Pembatik Di Sentra Batik Giriloyo

Pembatik bekerja dengan sikap kerja duduk statis dan tidak ergonomis dalam waktu 8 jam. Apabila sikap kerja duduk statis dan tidak ergonomis berlangsung dalam jangka panjang, maka akan menimbulkan keluhan muskuloskeletal terutama pada bagian leher. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan masa dan lama kerja dengan nyeri leher pada pembatik di sentra batik Giriloyo. Metode penelitian adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel. Teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian adalah pembatik di sentra batik Giriloyo yang berjumlah 89 pembatik. Hasil uji statistik korelasi Rank Spearman diperoleh adanya hubungan antara masa kerja dengan nyeri leher dengan nilai r=0,313 (p&lt;0,05). Hubungan lama kerja dengan nyeri leher diperoleh nilai r=0,299 (p&lt;0,005). Pengaruh lama kerja (exp. B=1,906) lebih dominan dibandingkan masa kerja terhadap nyeri leher. Disimpulkan ada hubungan masa kerja dan lama kerja dengan nyeri leher pada pembatik di sentra batik Giriloyo. Pengaruh lama kerja lebih dominan dibandingkan masa kerja terhadap terjadinya nyeri leher pada pembatik di sentra batik Giriloyo.

The Prevalence, Risk Factors and Consequences of Neck Pain in Office Employees

Background: Office workers, especially computer users are at risk of developing neck pain (NP), while limited studies have been conducted on this issue. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of NP in office employees, and its effect on their quality of life and work. Methods: This research was a cross sectional study conducted during years 2014 and 2015. Among all employees, 220 people were randomly selected from 10 welfare organization offices of Semnan city of Iran. Data regarding the individual characteristics, occurrence of NP and its intensity, health status, risk factors and consequences of NP including functional disability and quality of life and work, as well as work-related factors were collected. Results: Immediate, last month, last six months, last year, and lifetime prevalence of NP were 38.1%, 39.7%, 41.1%, 45.8% and, 62.1%, respectively. The point prevalence of NP was significantly related to age, gender, health status, job satisfaction, and length of employment (P < 0.05). Elongated working hours on the computer, taking a prolonged sitting position, and static postures were the most irritating factors, respectively (P < 0.001). Taking medications and physiotherapy were the most effective intervention strategies that participants chose for the treatment of NP (60.2%). Conclusions: The findings provide evidence that the prevalence of NP in office employees was high. The modifiable individual and work-related factors were as follows, improving health status, job satisfaction, reduction of working hours on the computer, avoiding prolonged sitting and static postures, having a rest time during working hours, and performing regular daily exercises.

The Prevalence, Risk Factors and Consequences of Neck Pain in Office Employees

Background: Office workers, especially computer users are at risk of developing neck pain (NP), while limited studies have been conducted on this issue. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of NP in office employees, and its effect on their quality of life and work. Methods: This research was a cross sectional study conducted during years 2014 and 2015. Among all employees, 220 people were randomly selected from 10 welfare organization offices of Semnan city of Iran. Data regarding the individual characteristics, occurrence of NP and its intensity, health status, risk factors and consequences of NP including functional disability and quality of life and work, as well as work-related factors were collected. Results: Immediate, last month, last six months, last year, and lifetime prevalence of NP were 38.1%, 39.7%, 41.1%, 45.8% and, 62.1%, respectively. The point prevalence of NP was significantly related to age, gender, health status, job satisfaction, and length of employment (P < 0.05). Elongated working hours on the computer, taking a prolonged sitting position, and static postures were the most irritating factors, respectively (P < 0.001). Taking medications and physiotherapy were the most effective intervention strategies that participants chose for the treatment of NP (60.2%). Conclusions: The findings provide evidence that the prevalence of NP in office employees was high. The modifiable individual and work-related factors were as follows, improving health status, job satisfaction, reduction of working hours on the computer, avoiding prolonged sitting and static postures, having a rest time during working hours, and performing regular daily exercises.

Arm and neck pain in ultrasonographers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of upper-body-quadrant pain among ultrasonographers and to evaluate the association between individual ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders, and occurrence of neck pain. A hundred and ten (N = 110) Belgian and Dutch male and female hospital ultrasonographers were consecutively enrolled in the study. Data on work-related ergonomic and musculoskeletal disorders were collected with an electronic inquiry, including questions regarding ergonomics (position of the screen, high-low table, and ergonomic chair), symptoms (neck pain, upper-limb pain), and work-related factors (consecutive working hours a day, average working hours a week). Subjects with the screen on their left had significantly more neck pain (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6, p = .0286). Depending on the workspace, high-low tables increased the chance of developing neck pain (OR = 12.9, p = .0246). A screen at eye level caused less neck pain (OR = .22, p = .0610). Employees with a fixed working space were less susceptible to arm pain (OR = 0.13, p = .0058). The prevalence of arm pain was significantly higher for the vascular department compared to radiology, urology, and gynecology departments (OR = 9.2, p = .0278). Regarding prevention of upper-limb pain in ultrasonograph, more attention should be paid to the work environment and more specialty to the ultrasound workstation layout. Primary ergonomic prevention could provide a painless work situation for the ultrasonographer. Further research on the ergonomic conditions of ultrasonography is necessary to develop ergonomic solutions in the work environment that will help to alleviate neck and arm pain.

Effect evaluation of health education on neck pain for Junior high school teachers in Xuhui district of shanhai city

Objective To describe junior high school teachers' neck pain in Xuhui District,Shanghai,and to evaluate the results of health education.Methods Convenient and abstract methods were employed to investigate junior high school teachers' KBP (knowledge,belief and practice) of neck-pain,occurrence of neck pain,degree of neck pain,neck disability index.Meanwhile,health education was conducted in 113 teachers from three middle schools in Xuhui district,and its effects were evaluated by their self-comparison half of year later.Results One-way ANOVA test showed that gender and desk time were the influence factors of neck pain (F =6.140,12.274,P ＜0.05).After and after intervention,knowledge questionnaires score (15.49 ± 6.15)vs (21.54 ± 4.21),attitude questionnaires score (30.06 ± 3.69) vs (32.76 ± 6.22),Behavior questionnaires score (41.78 ± 5.72) vs (46.51 ± 7.58) were significantly improved (t =-9.157,-2.637,5.610,respectively;P ＜ 0.05).After intervention the incidence of neck pain in half a year was significantly decreased (x2 =7.304,P ＜ 0.05).Barrier index of neck function before and after intervention respectively were (14.53 ± 12.42) and (12.54 ± 11.08),and no significance difference was found(t =-1.135,P ＞0.05).After intervention,the VAS(visual assessment Score) was significantly decreased from (36.12 ± 21.37) to (23.42 ± 14.84) (t =-3.735,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Health education can improve health knowledge of neck pain of junior high school teachers,promote their health awareness and make better their health behaviors.It decreases the occurrence and degree of neck pain but influences little neck disability index. Key words: Neck pain; Health education; KBP; Junior high school teachers

Correlação entre postura da cabeça, intensidade da dor e índice de incapacidade cervical em mulheres com queixa de dor cervical

A dor cervical é o sintoma mais comum das disfunções cervicais, frequentemente relacionado à manutenção de posturas inadequadas. As alterações posturais da cabeça estão associadas à ocorrência de dor cervical, sendo a anteriorização a alteração mais comum. O objetivo foi investigar a correlação entre postura da cabeça, intensidade da dor e índice de incapacidade cervical - neck disability index (NDI). O grupo estudo (GE) foi composto por mulheres na faixa entre 20 e 50 anos com queixas de dor cervical por mais de três meses, e o grupo controle (GC), por mulheres assintomáticas. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela escala visual analógica (EVA), a incapacidade pelo NDI e a postura da cabeça pelo ângulo craniovertebral (CV). A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Lilliefors, e a comparação entre os grupos pelo teste t de Student para amostras independentes e a associação entre as variáveis pela correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância foi de 5%. O GE apresentou médias menores para o ângulo CV (p=0,02). O ângulo CV demonstrou correlação negativa com a EVA (r=-0,48) e o NDI (r=-0,15), sugerindo que quanto menor o ângulo, maior a intensidade da dor e a incapacidade cervical. O NDI e a EVA apresentaram correlação positiva (r=0,59). O ângulo CV em indivíduos com dor cervical foi significativamente menor que em assintomáticos, apresentando correlação moderada com o NDI e a dor.

Risk of Developing Seizure After Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy

A retrospective analysis in patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and developed seizures during the procedure; and to identify the risk of developing seizure during PELD by measuring cervical epidural pressure. To evaluate clinical significance, characteristics, and risk factors for developing seizure and neck pain in patients undergoing PELD. Increased epidural pressure during PELD has been reported earlier. Risk of developing intraoperative seizure has not been investigated till date. We experienced some unexpected complication such as, seizures during PELD, and, therefore, we correlated it with the prodromal symptom and the strategies to avoid such complications during PELD. Four of the total 16,725 patients who underwent PELD between 2000 and 2008 developed intraoperative seizures. A review of their medical records and radiologic files were correlated with the complication. Factors evaluated were the type of seizures, prodromal symptoms, comorbidities and clinical outcome. To postulate a pathophysiologic cause of seizure, we designed a study to monitor the intraoperative cervical epidural pressure in 33 patients undergoing PELD. A striking feature of the 4 patients in this series was that they all complained of neck pain before the seizure event. There was no identifiable pattern of seizure observed. The duration of the procedure in these patients was longer than uninvolved cases. None of the patients developed any type of sequel subsequent to seizure. The outcome of surgery has been similar with the patients that did not have any type of complications after PELD. In the subsequent study of cervical epidural pressure, no patients developed seizure. However, there was occurrence of neck pain in the group with increased cervical epidural pressure. Although rare (0.02%), seizure can occur in patients undergoing PELD, occurrence of neck pain is correlated with increase in cervical epidural pressure, which should be considered as prodromal sign and alert the surgeon. Duration of procedure and speed of infusion are associated risk factor.

Upper Body Quadrant Pain in Bus Drivers

ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of upper body quadrant pain among Israeli professional urban bus drivers and to evaluate the association between individual, ergonomic, and psychosocial risk factors and occurrence of neck pain. Three hundred and eighty-four male urban bus drivers were consecutively enrolled in the study. Data pertaining to work-related ergonomic and psychosocial stress factors were collected. The 12-month prevalence of neck pain was 21.2%, followed by shoulder: 14.7%, upper back: 8.3%, elbow: 3.0%, and wrist: 3.0% pain. Prevalence of neck pain was associated with uncomfortable seats (odds ratio; OR [95% confidence interval; CI]: 2.2 [1.2–4.3], back support (2.3 [1.2–4.2]), and steering wheel (2.2 [1.1–4.5]). Drivers with neck pain reported significantly higher prevalence of pain in the upper back (OR [95% CI]: 5.9 [2.7–12.9]), shoulders (8.1 [4.3–15.3]), and wrists (7.0 [2.0–21.8]) compared to drivers without neck pain. Work-related organizational stress factors were not associated with neck pain prevalence.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Neck Pain in Military Office Workers

An extensive cross-sectional questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence of neck pain and to identify risk factors (short term to long term) in the occurrence of neck pain in military office workers. Two standardized scales (Neck Disability Index and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia) allowed assessment of the impact of neck pain on the person's life and the pain-related fear avoidance. A total of 629 completed questionnaires were evaluated which revealed the following: lifetime prevalence (78%), week prevalence (53%), point prevalence (59%), year prevalence (65%) (once-only, 19%; regular, 51%; long term, 15%; never, 7%). The results of this study provided support for the role of physical and psychosocial job characteristics in the etiology of neck pain in military office workers.

High quantitative job demands and low coworker support as risk factors for neck pain: results of a prospective cohort study.

A 3-year prospective cohort study among 1334 workers was conducted. To determine whether the work-related psychosocial factors of quantitative job demands, conflicting job demands, skill discretion, decision authority, supervisor support, coworker support, and job security are risk factors for neck pain. Among the various risk factors for neck pain, work-related psychosocial factors play a major role. Previous studies on risk factors for neck pain often had a cross-sectional design, and did not take both physical and psychosocial factors into account. At baseline, data on work-related psychosocial factors were collected by means of a questionnaire. During the 3-year follow-up period, data on the occurrence of neck pain were collected by means of postal questionnaires. Individuals without neck pain at baseline were selected for the analyses. Cox regression analysis was applied to examine the relation between the work-related psychosocial factors and the cumulative incidence of neck pain. Adjustments were made for various physical factors and individual characteristics. The analysis included 977 patients. Altogether, 141 workers (14.4%) reported that they had experienced neck pain at least once during the 3-year follow-up period. The relation of neck pain to high quantitative job demands (relative risk [RR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-3.58) and low coworker support (RR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.11-5.29) was statistically significant. An increased risk was found for low decision authority in relation to neck pain (RR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.74-3.45), but this relation was not statistically significant. High quantitative job demands and low coworker support are independent risk factors for neck pain. There are indications that another risk factor for neck pain is low decision authority.