Occurrence Of Mood Disorders Research Articles

Association between Regular Use of Analgesics before Cancer Diagnosis and Occurrence of Mood Disorders.

We aimed to determine the relationship between the use of analgesics prescribed for pain management and the onset and progression of mood disorders using a large-scale cohort database. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for patient risk of developing mood disorders based on age, income, health-related variables, disease history, Charlson comorbidity index, and analgesics prescription behavior (Models 1-3). Additionally, we determined the risk of mood disorder occurrence by age group (Model 4) using a proportional hazards regression model. The age- and income-adjusted HR (Model 1) was 1.8275. The age-, income-, BMI-, and physical-activity-adjusted HR (Model 2) was 1.882. The fully adjusted HR (Model 3) was 1.698. Compared with no analgesic use, nonregular use (HR = 1.386) and regular use (HR = 1.698) was associated with a higher risk of mood disorders. Among patients older than 50 years, those who participated in physical activity (less than five days) had a lower risk of mood disorders than those who did not. This suggests that it may be useful for preventing mood disorders in older cancer survivors. A high risk of comorbidities and regular use of analgesics are risk factors for developing mood disorders. Therefore, our results suggest that cancer survivors with a high risk of comorbidities and a history of regular analgesic use should undergo careful psychiatric consultation.

Frequency of depression amongst patients with Parkinson disease at tertiary care hospital of Quetta

Background: Depression and anxiety are frequent mood problems associated with Parkinson disease (PD). The occurrence of mood disorders has, however, only been the subject of a small number of investigations. Objective: To assess the frequency of Depression amongst patients with Parkinson disease at tertiary care hospital of Quetta. Methodology: The current cross sectional study was carried out Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta from December 2019 to December 2020. All those individuals were selected for study which has confirmed PD diagnosed by one or more than single Neurophysicians. A standard and well-defined questionnaire was used and then score was assigned using Beck Depression inventory- II (BDI-II) to depression evidences. The SPSS version 24.0 was used to input and analyze the data. Results: In our study, totally 40 patients were enrolled. The male patients were 36 (90%) while female patients were 4 (10%). The mean age (SD) in our study was 52 (11.6) years.

Microbiota and Metabolite Profiling as Markers of Mood Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study in Obese Patients.

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several neurological and psychiatric diseases, but few studies report the contribution of biological features in the occurrence of mood disorders in obese patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the potential links between serum metabolomics and gut microbiome, and mood disturbances in a cohort of obese patients. Psychological, biological characteristics and nutritional habits were evaluated in 94 obese subjects from the Food4Gut study stratified according to their mood score assessed by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The fecal gut microbiota and plasma non-targeted metabolomics were analysed. Obese subjects with increased negative mood display elevated levels of Coprococcus as well as decreased levels of Sutterella and Lactobacillus. Serum metabolite profile analysis reveals in these subjects altered levels of several amino acid-derived metabolites, such as an increased level of L-histidine and a decreased in phenylacetylglutamine, linked to altered gut microbiota composition and function rather than to differences in dietary amino acid intake. Regarding clinical profile, we did not observe any differences between both groups. Our results reveal new microbiota-derived metabolites that characterize the alterations of mood in obese subjects, thereby allowing to propose new targets to tackle mood disturbances in this context. Food4gut, clinicaltrial.gov: NCT03852069.

Influence of selected drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases on depressive disorders in elderly patients

Objectives. In geriatric patients, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes are considered the most common chronic health problems. Moreover, increasing the pre­valence of depression, which significantly reduces the quality of life and increases disability in this group, has also been observed. This paper aims to review the literature on the relationship between drugs from selected pharmacological groups used in the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and depression, both with respect to their depressive and antidepressant effects. Literature review. The increased risk of the prevalence and the severity of depression is associated with strongly lipophilic beta-blockers and insulin therapy. In contrast, drugs that block the RAA system reduce the risk of developing and worsening symptoms of depression and improve cognitive function in elderly patients. Literature reports indicate the antidepressant effect of commonly used antidiabetic drugs such as metformin and incretin drugs (GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4 inhibitors). The potential anti-depressive effect of intranasal insulin administration requires further research. Conclusions. Based on the review, it should be stated that due to the frequent occurrence of mood disorders in elderly patients, the selection of drugs used in the therapy of somatic diseases should allow for the risk of causing or worsening symptoms of depression. However, the possibility of their beneficial effect on mood disorders should also be considered.

Occurrence of mood disorders among educationally active older adults in Bialystok, Poland: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMood disorders in older people are an increasingly serious health and social problem, and their prevalence increases with age. The most common mood disorders are bipolar disorder, which is the occurrence of mania and hypomania, and depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mood disorders in a group of educationally active elderly people living in Bialystok, Poland.MethodsThe study included a total of 162 people—residents of Bialystok—aged 60 or older; 135 women (83.33%) and 27 men (16.67%). The study used five standardized psychometric scales: The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), Hypomania Check List (HCL-32), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS).ResultsNearly 90.00% of the respondents obtained GDS scores indicating the presence of mild depressive symptoms; however, on the Zung SDS, which also evaluates depression symptom levels, the result obtained in almost the same number of respondents showed an absence of these symptoms. A similar percentage of respondents also obtained values on the MDQ that allow to determine a lack of bipolar disorder characteristics in the studied population. Over half of the respondents (58.02%) did not show symptoms of hypomania using the HCL-32. There was a significant correlation between the results of the GDS and Zung SDS, the HCL-32 and MDQ, as well as the HCL-32 and Zung SDS in the total studied group.ConclusionsMood disorders, particularly depression, constitute a significant social and health problem in the group of educationally active older adults living in Bialystok. In light of the obtained research results, it is recommended to conduct and improve already realized health education programs for the elderly on the subject of mood disorder prevention and their impact on quality of life. There is a need for further research on mood disorders in the elderly to determine their prevalence on a national scale.

Alterations of neural network organization during REM sleep in women: implication for sex differences in vulnerability to mood disorders

BackgroundSleep plays an important role in vulnerability to mood disorders. However, despite the existence of sex differences in vulnerability to mood disorders, no study has yet investigated the sex effect on sleep network organization and its potential involvement in vulnerability to mood disorders. The aim of our study was to empirically investigate the sex effect on network organization during REM and slow-wave sleep using the effective connectivity measured by Granger causality.MethodsPolysomnographic data from 44 healthy individuals (28 men and 16 women) recruited prospectively were analysed. To obtain the 19 × 19 connectivity matrix of all possible pairwise combinations of electrodes by Granger causality method from our EEG data, we used the Toolbox MVGC multivariate Granger causality. The computation of the network measures was realized by importing these connectivity matrices into EEGNET Toolbox.ResultsIn men and women, all small-world coefficients obtained are compatible with a small-world network organization during REM and slow-wave sleep. However, compared to men, women present greater small-world coefficients during REM sleep as well as for all EEG bands during this sleep stage, which indicates the presence of a small-world network organization less marked during REM sleep as well as for all EEG bands during this sleep stage in women. In addition, in women, these small-world coefficients during REM sleep as well as for all EEG bands during this sleep stage are positively correlated with the presence of subclinical symptoms of depression.ConclusionsThus, the highlighting of these sex differences in network organization during REM sleep indicates the presence of differences in the global and local processing of information during sleep between women and men. In addition, this small-world network organization less marked during REM sleep appears to be a marker of vulnerability to mood disorders specific to women, which opens up new perspectives in understanding sex differences in the occurrence of mood disorders.

Problematic Internet use and the risk of suicide ideation in Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis

To evaluate the relationships between problematic Internet use (PIU) and suicidal ideation (SI) among adolescents, we encompassed 12,507 participants (16.6 ± 0.8 years). The occurrence of mood disorders, quality of life (QOL), personality traits and SI were compared in adolescents with and without PIU. Multilevel logistic regression models, trend analysis and interaction analysis were employed. A total of 2,809 (22.46%) adolescents reported SI. PIU was assessed using Internet Addiction Test score (IATs), and 3,442 (27.52%) participants met the criteria for PIU (IATs ≥ 40). PIU was significantly and independently associated with SI [AOR for suicidal ideation (vs. IATs < 40): 1.00 for 40–59 points; 1.3 (CI, 1.2–1.5): 60–79 points; 1.7 (CI, 1.4–2.1): 80–100 points; and 2.2 (CI, 1.2–3.9)]. Trend analysis demonstrated that PIU increased the risk of SI in each of the subgroups (p for trend ≤ 0.001 for each). Interaction analysis showed an association of PIU and SI that were dependent on mood disorders, QOL, impulsivity and aggression (p-value for interaction < 0.05). These findings highlight the need for a range of cross disciplinary health interventions to afflicted families, students, and clinicians, to increase the awareness of adverse PIU effects.

F50CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM TO INVESTIGATE GENETIC FINDINGS IN SEVERE DEPRESSION AND RESPONSE TO ECT (GENECT-IC)

The most frequent mood disorder to appear after childbirth is baby blues syndrome.The assessment of mood disorder intensification in women, one week after childbirth, as well as determining whether or not there is a connection between chosen sociodemographic variables and occurrence of postpartum blues.285 women took part in the study. The study was conducted, on average, on the third day after childbirth. The research was conducted with the use of a diagnostic survey, and the main research tool was the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale which was used to assess the occurrence of the risk of mood disorders after childbirth. A score of 12 or more on a 30-point scale was an indicator of mood disorders.23.2% of women obtained a score of 12 or more points on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The average level of mood disorders was significantly higher in single women. A correlation between an unfavourable financial situation and the occurrence of postpartum blues in women was found. No significant difference was found in the occurrence of mood disorders in respect of age, education, professional activity, and place of residence.In first week after childbirth, every fourth woman was at risk for the occurrence of postpartum blues. Single women and those in an unfavourable financial situation experienced postpartum blues more frequently.

Mood disorders after childbirth

The most frequent mood disorder to appear after childbirth is baby blues syndrome. The assessment of mood disorder intensification in women, one week after childbirth, as well as determining whether or not there is a connection between chosen sociodemographic variables and occurrence of postpartum blues. 285 women took part in the study. The study was conducted, on average, on the third day after childbirth. The research was conducted with the use of a diagnostic survey, and the main research tool was the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale which was used to assess the occurrence of the risk of mood disorders after childbirth. A score of 12 or more on a 30-point scale was an indicator of mood disorders. 23.2% of women obtained a score of 12 or more points on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The average level of mood disorders was significantly higher in single women. A correlation between an unfavourable financial situation and the occurrence of postpartum blues in women was found. No significant difference was found in the occurrence of mood disorders in respect of age, education, professional activity, and place of residence. In first week after childbirth, every fourth woman was at risk for the occurrence of postpartum blues. Single women and those in an unfavourable financial situation experienced postpartum blues more frequently.

Stressful life events and mood disorders: a community sample

Mood disorders are a consequence of the interaction between environmental and biological factors. The objective of this study was to identify associations between stressful life events (LEs) and mood disorders in a community sample of young people in southern Brazil. It is a cross-sectional population-based study on young people between 18 and 24 years of age. The selection of the sample was conducted via conglomerates. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interviews were used to evaluate mood disorders, and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale to assess stressful life events. The sample included 1172 young people. Of the total sample, the proportion of stressful life events in the last year in each category was: 53.8% work, 42.4% loss of social support, 63.8% family, 50.9% environmental changes, 61.1% personal difficulties, and 38.7% finances. A significant relationship was found between categories of stressful life events and mood disorder episodes. A higher incidence of stressful life events was found among young people in a mixed episode compared to young people in a depressive, (hypo)maniac episode with controls. This finding suggests a psychosocial interaction between stressful life events and the occurrence of mood disorders.

Orbitofrontal Cortex and Neuromaturation: A Gateway to Risk?

Orbitofrontal Cortex and Neuromaturation: A Gateway to Risk?

Impact of BDNF Val66Met and 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism variants on neural substrates related to sadness and executive function

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val(66) Met allelic variation is linked to both the occurrence of mood disorders and antidepressant response. These findings are not universally observed, and the mechanism by which this variation results in increased risk for mood disorders is unclear. One possible explanation is an epistatic relationship with other neurotransmitter genes associated with depression risk, such as the serotonin-transporter-linked promotor region (5-HTTLPR). Further, it is unclear how the coexistence of the BDNF Met and 5-HTTLPR S variants affects the function of the affective and cognitive control systems. To address this question, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in 38 older adults (20 healthy and 18 remitted from major depressive disorder). Subjects performed an emotional oddball task during the fMRI scan and provided blood samples for genotyping. Our analyses examined the relationship between genotypes and brain activation to sad distractors and attentional targets. We found that 5-HTTLPR S allele carriers exhibited stronger activation in the amygdala in response to sad distractors, whereas BDNF Met carriers exhibited increased activation to sad stimuli but decreased activation to attentional targets in the dorsolateral prefrontal and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices. In addition, subjects with both the S allele and Met allele genes exhibited increased activation to sad stimuli in the subgenual cingulate and posterior cingulate. Our results indicate that the Met allele alone or in combination with 5-HTTLPR S allele may increase reactivity to sad stimuli, which might represent a neural mechanism underlying increased depression vulnerability.

Prevention of depression among Icelandic adolescents

Major depression and dysthymia are frequent, debilitating, and chronic disorders, whose highest rate of initial onset is during the late adolescent years. The effectiveness of a program designed to prevent an initial episode of major depression or dysthymia among adolescents was investigated. Participants were 171 fourteen-year-old “at risk” Icelandic adolescents who were randomly assigned to a prevention program or a treatment-as-usual assessment only control group. They were identified as “at risk” by reporting the presence of depressive symptoms or a negative attributional style. The program was based on a developmental psychosocial model of enhancement of resilience to factors associated with the occurrence of mood disorders. The results indicated that the prevention program resulted in a significantly lower rate of major depression and dysthymia than did the control group. The study demonstrated that school personnel in the school setting can implement such prevention programs.

Relationship between parental bonding and mood disorder in six European countries

The linkage between adverse parental child-rearing styles and the occurrence of mood disorders in adulthood has been investigated in a number of studies from different countries and cultural backgrounds. However, as direct cross-cultural comparisons hardly exist, little is known about cultural variations of this relationship. The European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) is a cross-sectional study in a stratified multi-stage random sample of 21,425 adults (18 years or older) from the general population of six European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain). Parental child-rearing styles were measured by means of a short form of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in 8,232 of the respondents. Based on the extraction and confirmation of a three-factor model of the PBI in a previous study, the association between parental bonding and mood disorders was studied by computing hierarchical nested multiple logistic regression models. The relationship between parental child-rearing styles and mood disorders was mostly homogeneous across the six countries. The PBI dimensions maternal and paternal care had the strongest associations with mood disorders. A significant association of overprotection was observable only for the mother. There was no significant relationship between authoritarianism and the occurrence of mood disorders. In the European countries studied, the association between parental child-rearing styles and the occurrence of mood disorders appears not to be culture-dependent. It would be of interest to assess whether this also holds for the rest of Europe and non-European countries.

Hépatite C, Interféron α et dépression : principales hypothèses physiopathologiques

Hépatite C, Interféron α et dépression : principales hypothèses physiopathologiques

Trace lithium in mood disorders

Background: Variations in trace (endogenous) lithium exchanges have been postulated to play a role in the pathophysiology of affective diseases. This prospective study aimed to check whether plasma, erythrocytes and urine trace lithium levels were altered in mood disorders. Methods: Trace lithium was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in patients without mood stabilizing drugs or somatic diseases, hospitalized for bipolar affective disorders, major depressive episodes, and other psychiatric disorders with depressive features. Patients admitted for psychotic disorders without mood alterations and healthy volunteers served as controls. Results: There were no differences in trace lithium status between the groups. Erythrocytes/plasma ratios appeared higher than described on therapeutic lithium (1.6±0.7, N=199). Limitations: The study had sufficient power to detect clinically significant differences in whole body lithium handling between the groups. However, it did not address alterations of lithium exchanges across neuronal membranes or the blood–brain barrier. Conclusions: Alterations of membrane exchanges hypothetically associated with mood disorders are not reflected in plasma or erythrocytes trace lithium levels. The occurrence of mood disorders seems not to be related to abnormalities in endogenous lithium.