Occurrence In Identical Twins Research Articles

Accessory pathways in monozygotic twins with different clinical phenotypes: a case report

BackgroundThe atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) is the most common tachycardia associated with accessory pathways (APs). Although sporadic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome has been well-described, AP occurrence in identical twins with WPW syndrome remains rarely reported.Case presentationWe report a case of 14-year-old monozygotic twin brothers referred for an electrophysiology (EP) study. Twin A presented with recurrent symptomatic narrow complex tachycardia after exercise, noted for 3 years. His 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) did not show ventricular pre-excitation. However, an orthodromic AVRT utilizing a concealed right posteroseptal AP was found and successfully ablated. AVRT did not recur 12 months after the procedure. Twin B was asymptomatic. During his medical examination for firefighter volunteerism, his 12-lead ECG showed a spontaneous ventricular pre-excitation. EP study revealed a short anterograde right midseptal AP, which was then successfully eliminated by catheter ablation. His 12-lead ECG showed no ventricular pre-excitation recurrence 12 months after the procedure.ConclusionsThese identical twin brothers had a right-side AP in almost the same place but showed completely different phenotypes. This case clearly illustrates the difficulty in understanding genetic contribution in the origin of atrioventricular APs. Environmental exposure could play a role in their clinical presentations and AP electrophysiological properties.

Differential Presentation of Congenital Cholesteatoma in Twins with Atypical Location

Abstract Objective We present an extremely rare report of congenital cholesteatoma (CC) in identical twins with atypical location. Methods Two consecutive cases of CC in identical twins from diagnosis to treatment and a literature review are presented. Results The twin children presented to our otology and lateral skull base clinic with different clinical picture. Both underwent thorough audiological workup and imaging and early surgical intervention. The 6-year follow-up of these two children has been uneventful with no recurrence of disease and hearing restoration. Conclusion Multiple theories exist to explain this rare pathology. Modified Levenson’s criteria define it as white mass behind intact tympanic membrane. Atypical location of CC with recurrent otitis media is not uncommon; hence, further study is required. To our best knowledge, this is the second reported occurrence in identical twins but first report with differential presentation and atypical location in both cases.

ほぼ同時に発症した「軽症下痢に伴うけいれん」の一卵性双生児例

ほぼ同時に発症した「軽症下痢に伴うけいれん」の一卵性双生児例

Epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis remains the most important form of arthritis seen in rheumatological practice in the developed world. It presents some tantalizing epidemiological features. It is a relatively rare disease particularly in young life. It has a marked female excess in all populations studied. There are suggestions that it might be declining in incidence, though the reasons for this are unexplained. The geographical distribution of the disease is remarkably homogeneous. There is evidence of a genetic factor as witnessed by familial aggregation particularly by increased disease occurrence in identical twins; though the large majority of such twins remain disease discordant throughout life. Whilst undoubtedly one of the most important genetic factors in explaining disease occurrence is located in HLA class II, genes encoded in this region are neither necessary nor sufficient on their own for disease development. The female excess remains unexplained but it suggests a hormonal basis for disease development. Factors supporting this hypothesis include the observed protective effect of the oral contraceptive pill, the increased risk in women who are nulliparous and the increased susceptibility to disease during the first three months postpartum. This latter finding may be linked with breast feeding: women who have breast fed, particularly after their first pregnancy, have an increased risk for disease development. It is possible that this is explained by a massive increase in circulating prolactin levels.

Familial intracranial aneurysms. A review.

A familial occurrence of intracranial aneurysms is defined by the presence of such aneurysms in two or more first to third-degree family members. Families with two affected members may represent accidental aggregation. Other families show a frequency compatible with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. A genetic basis is also suggested by the younger average age of familial cases with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm (42.3 years versus an age range of 50-54 years for nonfamilial cases), occurrence at the same site or a mirror site in sibling pairs, occurrence in identical twins, and the association of intracranial aneurysms with genetically transmitted disorders. No reliable data are available about the occurrence of familial intracranial aneurysms among all patients with ruptured aneurysms; a frequency of 6.7% has been reported from a retrospective study, but a large part of the "familial" occurrence can be explained by fortuitous aggregation. The pathogenesis of familial intracranial aneurysms is not fully explained; a (partial) deficiency of type III collagen has been reported in sporadic, but not in familial, cases. Clinical decision analysis shows how the risk of harboring an intracranial aneurysm and the age of the patient are the main determinants for elective screening; lifetime risk of rupture (and therefore age) and surgical risks are the determinants for neurosurgical treatment. Surgical treatment is recommended for patients aged less than 70 years with a moderate or low surgical risk, and screening (preferably by intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography) is recommended only for relatives aged 35-65 years. Magnetic resonance angiography may develop into a useful alternative for screening, but the risks of diagnostic procedures play only a minor role in the decision analysis.

Susceptibility to Subacute Thyroiditis Is Genetically Influenced: Familial Occurrence in Identical Twins

Subacute thyroiditis is thought to be virally induced in genetically predisposed individuals because a strong association has been suggested recently between HLA-B35 and patients in whom subacute thyroiditis has developed. Two identical twin brothers were seen at our clinic with the same symptoms and date of onset of hyperthyroidism and enlargement and tenderness of the thyroid, which gave us a unique opportunity to study the genetic predisposition and treatment of this thyroid disease. Diagnostic criteria for subacute thyroiditis were met in both twins, including hyperthyroxinemia, suppression of thyroidal 123I uptake, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, transient painful goiter, and absence of antimicrosomal antibodies. Twin B was treated with corticosteroids, and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent was prescribed for Twin A. The mode of treatment used did not make a difference in affecting the course of the disease. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal after 2 months from onset of symptoms. Results of viral studies were inconclusive. The same HLA typing was found in each twin: A3, B18, B35, Cw4, DR2, DRw10, DQw1. Thus, each was heterozygous for HLA-B35. We reviewed the literature and found a strong association between HLA-B35 and subacute thyroiditis in various ethnic groups tested. Our experience with these identical twins provides additional evidence to suggest that HLA-35 and perhaps Cw4 confer genetic susceptibility in acquiring subacute painful thyroiditis in a possible dominant mode of inheritance.

Chronic segmental spinal muscular atrophy of upper extremities in identical twins

We present the 1st report of chronic segmental spinal muscular atrophy confined to the upper extremities in identical male twins. This occurrence in identical twins, together with reports of siblings and parent-child pairs of a disorder phenotypically similar to the more common sporadic form in the literature, suggests a genetic etiology in some cases.

Posterior urethral valves in siblings

The etiology and incidence of posterior urethral valves is unknown. We report on a pair of non-twin siblings with identical pathology stemming from type I posterior urethral valves as well as discordance in a pair of monozygotic twins. Familial posterior urethral valves have been reported before in both twin and non-twin siblings. The occurrence of identical pathology in nontwin siblings suggests the possibility of an inherited trait as does its occurrence in identical twins. However, non-identical clinical manifestation is as common as is identical presentation in both groups. There are also instances of discordance in monozygotic twins suggesting the possibility of a random mutation. As such, we recommend urologic evaluation of the male siblings of affected patients with posterior urethral valves. Further prospective and retrospective analyses are needed to define the genetic etiology of valves.

Acute Urticarial Reactions to Cow's Milk in Infants Previously Fed Breast Milk or Soy Milk

Twenty-nine breastfed or soy formula-fed infants with IgE-mediated sensitization to cow's milk (CM) were identified because they had acute urticarial reactions while being fed CM for the first time. One of these infants had a reaction to CM in the newborn nursery, suggesting in-utero sensitization. Sixteen other infants inadvertently had been fed CM in the newborn nursery without reaction, suggesting that this was their initial sensitizing event. The remaining 12 may have been sensitized by small amounts of CM antigens either in utero or via breast milk. The clinical condition is characterized by elevated serum IgE levels; positive RASTs to alpha-lactalbumin (AL), beta-lactoglobulin (BL) and casein (C) and a high frequency (16/29, or 55%) of recurrent wheezing. The important role of heredity in the development of this entity is demonstrated by its occurrence in identical twins and in HLA-identical siblings, and by the high frequency of allergy in 28 parent pairs (89%) and in 56 parents (70%). Although the...

Urticarial dermographism. Report of occurrence in identical twins: a method for quantitating urticarial skin sensitivity.

The simultaneous occurrence of urticarial dermographism in monozygotic twins is reported. Studies suggested successful passive tranfer with sera. A simple device for estimating the pressures necessary to induce whealing is described. Preliminary results indicate that persons who urticate at a pressure of 32 gm/sq mm or less are clinically symptomatic. Hydroxyzine treatment was effective.

Disseminated lupus erythematosus in identical twins.

IT HAS BECOME APPARENT in the past few years that lupus erythematosus may be a disease in which hereditary factors are concerned. A review of the literature reveals reports of the occurrence in identical twins of well-documented systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by Davis and Gutridge,¹in 1951, and again by Wagenhals and Burgeson,²in 1958. In addition, discoid lupus erythematosus in identical twins has been reported by Von Gruenhagen³and again by Steagall and associates.⁴The patients in the latter report had some clinical and laboratory features of the disseminated form. There have also been numerous reports of the increased incidence of SLE and the other diffuse connective tissue diseases in the relatives of affected patients.^5-7The association of hypergammaglobulinemia, positive reactions for syphilis, abnormalities in liver function tests, and the presence of antinuclear factors have also been demonstrated in a significant number of asymptomatic

ÎNSAN VE HAYVANLARDA ÎKÎZ TEŞEKKÜLÜ VE DASYPUSLER

In this study, types of twins in humans and animal species are described. It is also explained that the occurrence of identical twins in animals is very common.

Early infantile autism in identical twins; report of a case.

Early infantile autism, a form of schizophrenia first appearing in infancy, was described by Kanner in 1944. 1 In the hope that a study of this condition might shed clearer light on the etiology of schizophrenia, much interest has since then been shown in early infantile autism. 2-5 Two cases have been reported in which this condition occurred in identical twins, 6,7 and a third such instance is here reported. This illness characteristically appears in only one child of any family, and its occurrence in identical twins is hence of particular interest. A striking withdrawal from interpersonal activity is the prime feature of early infantile autism. As early as the fourth month of life the child may show apathy to the attention of those caring for him. As he becomes older, this withdrawal from emotional contact with people becomes more obvious. The autistic child has a marked interest in things

Possible Occurrence of Identical Twins in the Whitetail Deer

A possible occurrence of identical twins in the whitetail deer was observed while the writer was employed by the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. Uteri with attached ovaries were collected at various checking stations during the hunting season and were preserved in weak formalin solution. One such set of reproductive organs was taken from a 4½-year-old doe killed 30 December 1951 in the town of Deerfield in southern New Hampshire. This doe dressed out to 94 pounds and was rated in good condition. The ovaries were hand-sliced in the manner described by Cheatum (Cornell Veterinarian, 39: 282–291, 1949) and each …

Carcinoma of the Prostate: Simultaneous Occurrence in Identical Twins

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1947Carcinoma of the Prostate: Simultaneous Occurrence in Identical Twins1 George M. Fister George M. FisterGeorge M. Fister More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)69661-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1947 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByBurkland C and Juzek R (2018) Familial Occurrence of Carcinoma of the UreterJournal of Urology, VOL. 96, NO. 5, (697-701), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1966.Burkland C (2018) The Significance of Genetic and Environmental Factors in Urogenital DiseaseJournal of Urology, VOL. 79, NO. 3, (532-548), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1958.Gaulin E (2018) Simultaneous Wilms Tumors in Identical TwinsJournal of Urology, VOL. 66, NO. 4, (547-550), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1951. Volume 57Issue 3March 1947Page: 488-494 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1947 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information George M. Fister More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...