Occurrence Of Gallstone Disease Research Articles

STUDY OF OCCURANCE OF GALL BLADDER STONES AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN A TERITIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Diabetes could form cholesterol gallstones more frequently because of a reduced gallbladder contraction and increased biliary cholesterol secretion. A meta -analysis study suggested that there is a strong association between diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of gallstone disease. The incidence of gallstones is higher in Type 2 Diabetes both in males and females than the non-diabetics. To study the frequency of gallbladder stones among patients with Objective: Method: type 2 Diabetes mellitus. After institutional ethical committee approval and obtaining written informed consent from the patients, an observational cross-sectional study was conducted on patients admitted in Raja Rajeswari medical college and hospital over a period of one and half year on 100 known case of type II diabetes mellites for more than or equal to 5 years. In the present study, the Results: occurrence of gallbladder stones was 21% among Type 2 diabetes mellitus participants. Even though statistical association could not be proven, a higher HbA1c level was found to be among the study participants with gall stones when compared with the study participants without gall stones. 21% of the study participants were Conclusion: diagnosed with Gall stones. 79% of the study participants were not diagnosed with gall stones

Incidence of Various Types of Gallstones in Association with Age

Aim: Gallstones are responsible for many hospitalizations and surgical interventions in our local population. Our main goal was to evaluate the relationship between age and gallstones as a risk factor in our local population. Methods: Cross-sectional study of all cholecystectomy patients with prior informed consent was conducted in the department of Surgery at Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zaid Hospital (PGMI), Quetta and Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi for the duration of 06 months from 15th March 2021 to 15th August 2021. The stones are divided into 3 groups according to their colour: light yellow and whitish like a cholesterol stone, black and black-brown like a pigment stone, and laminated brownish or greenish yellow as mixed stones. The collected data was statistically processed using SPSS version 21. The types of stones were correlated with the age groups of the patients using the student’s test and / or the Chi-square test as appropriate. The confidence level was defined as 95% CI and p values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 100 patients 14(14%) men and 86 (86% women) with a female to male ratio of 13.2: 1, chi-square = 1190.70, p < 0.0001 and their mean age was 46.2 years (SD ± 9.4) (Range, 30 to 75 years). The most common pigment stones were found in 44 (44%). The highest incidence of gallstones was found in the age groups 41-50 and 31-40, 44% and 26%, respectively (p <0.05). Conclusion: From the study it can be concluded that age has an influence on the occurrence of gallstone disease. Keywords: Gallstone (GS); Pigment stones (PS); Mixed stones (MS); Cholesterol stones (CS);

Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Risk of Gall Stone: A Case-Control Study.

Since the relation between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and the occurrence of gallstone disease (GSD) remains unclear, we conducted, for the first time, a case-control study to clarify this association in the Iranian population. In the present case-control study, convenience Sampling was performed. A total of 600 participants (300 case and 300 control) were included. Anthropometric, demographic, physical activity, and nutrient intakes data were obtained from each subject. DTAC was calculated using the US Department of Agriculture's database. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were assessed using unconditional logistic regression. The participants in the highest quartile of DTAC had a significantly lower OR for gallstone than the lowest quartile, which remained significant after further adjustment for age, sex, and education (model 2: OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16-0.71). In addition, after adjustment for age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, and energy, the results revealed that participants with the highest quartile of DTAC had 71% lower odds of gallstone than those with the lowest quartile (model 3: OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.78). The results of the present study demonstrated that the DTAC had an inverse association with GSD incident. However, interventional approaches are needed to confirm the relation between DTAC and GSD prevention.

The association between gallstone disease and metabolic syndrome related abnormalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundBile excretion is one of the important metabolite excretion pathways of the human body. In recent years, it has been reported that metabolic diseases are associated with the occurrence of gallstone disease. The main purpose of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cholelithiasis, including components of the metabolic syndrome such as abnormal blood glucose regulation, hyperlipidemia, and obesity.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched for all English language articles for the following relevant keywords: Metabolic Syndrome, Reaven Syndrome X, Biliary Calculi, Cholelithiasis Gallstones. Case-control study, cross-sectional study, and cohort study were included. Pooled relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The pooled mean differences of the outcome measures were compared between patients with and without metabolic syndrome.ResultsAfter screening, a total of 5 cross-sectional studies and 1 cohort study were included in the meta-analysis. The 6 studies evaluated a total of 49,101 people, of whom 9055 had metabolic syndrome and 2308 had gallstone disease. There is a significant correlation between metabolic syndrome and gallstone disease (z = 6.65, p = 0.000), and it’s more significant in female. All studies displayed increasing odds of gallstone disease with increasing number of metabolic syndrome traits, where patients with three or more metabolic syndrome traits tended to have a higher prevalence of nephrolithiasis.ConclusionsOur review shows a definite association of metabolic syndrome with gallstone disease, and the more the components of metabolic syndrome, the higher the prevalence of gallstone disease. Although not as obvious as women, men also support this conclusion.

Promotional effect of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on Gallstone disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Growing evidence indicates that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gallstone disease (GD) share the same risk factors, and that NAFLD may be associated with the occurrence of GD. However, overall results remain controversial. The aim of this study is to perform a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between GD and NAFLD. Five databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were queried, and observational studies that assessed the association between GD and NAFLD were selected. We pooled the prevalence of GD in participants with NAFLD, and compared the prevalence of GD in NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups in four trials. Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of GD in cases with NAFLD was 17% (95% CI: 0.12-0.23). Compared with the non-NAFLD group, NAFLD was significantly correlated with GD (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.23-1.59). Additional analyses reveal that participants in the GD group included more females (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.36-2.79), were older (WMD: 6.61, 95% CI: 3.80-9.42), and had higher BMIs (WMD: 1.63, 95% CI: 0.62-2.65) in the population with NAFLD, compared to the non-GD group. GD prevalence in NAFLD patients is higher than that in the general population. Furthermore, the occurrence of GD is significantly associated with the female sex, age and BMI in NAFLD patients.

Risk factors of cholelithiasis in China: a Meta-analysis

Objective To investigate the risk factors of Gallstone Disease (GD) by a meta-analysis, which hopefully will help to develop a strategy for its prevention. Methods Thirty case-control studies on risk factors of GD in Chinese patients reported from 1987 to 2014 were included. A quantitative comprehensive analysis and a heterogeneity test were conducted and the OR value and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by using Stata 12.0. Results A family history of GD [OR(95%CI): 2.73(2.22~3.35)], alcohol drinking [OR(95%CI): 1.53(1.20~1.97)], a history of biliary tract roundworm [OR(95%CI): 5.28(3.10~9.00)], a history of biliary tract infection [OR(95%CI): 28.50(19.22~42.26)], a BMI≥25 kg/m2 [OR(95%CI): 1.70(1.51~1.92)], greasy food intake [OR(95%CI): 3.27(1.76~6.07)], a non-vegetarian diet [OR(95%CI): 2.03(1.48~2.77)], hyperlipidemia [OR(95%CI): 2.26(1.88~2.71)], menopause [OR(95%CI): 3.25(2.49~4.24)] and multiple pregnancies [OR(95%CI): 1.56(1.29~1.88)] were risk factors of GD in China. Besides, milk drinking [OR(95%CI): 0.43(0.34~0.55)] and regular breakfast [OR(95%CI): 0.19(0.06~0.64)] were protective factors of GD. Tea drinking [OR(95%CI): 0.43(0.34~0.55)], smoking [OR(95%CI): 0.86(0.51~1.45)], and a vegetarian diet [OR(95%CI): 0.24(0.05~1.13)] were possible GD’s protective factors as they were not statistically significant. Conclusion Having breakfast, drinking milk, keeping fit, less alcohol and avoiding Ascaris infection prevent the occurrence of GD in China. Key words: Cholelithiasis; Risk Factors; Meta-analysis; China

Long-term Statin Use and the Risk of Gallstone Disease: A Population-based Case-Control Study

Most gallstones originate from cholesterol-supersaturated bile. Statins inhibit hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and therefore may reduce the risk of gallstone disease. Population-based evidence, however, is sparse. Thus, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study using medical databases from northern Denmark (1.7 million inhabitants) to identify 32,494 cases of gallstones occurring between 1996 and 2008 and to identify age-, sex-, and county-matched population controls for each case. Cases and their matched controls who were exposed to lipid-lowering drugs were categorized as current users if their last prescription was redeemed ≤90 days before the case's diagnosis date; otherwise, they were categorized as former users. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for gallstone disease in patients treated with lipid-lowering drugs. In current users, the adjusted odds ratios associating statin use with the occurrence of gallstone disease were 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.30) for those who had 1-4 prescriptions, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.97) for those who had 5-19 prescriptions, and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.84) for those who had ≥20 total prescriptions. In former users, the corresponding adjusted odds ratios were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.39), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.10), and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.97), respectively. The use of other lipid-lowering drugs showed no similar association.

Hyperleptinaemia and hypoadiponectinaemia are associated with gallstone disease

Gallstone disease has been regarded as an obesity-related disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that leptin and adiponectin, mainly produced by adipose tissue, may play roles in gallstone disease. The RIA method was used to analyze serum leptin and adiponectin levels of 90 gallstone patients and 91 healthy subjects. Our results showed that BMI, fasting glucose, serum AST and ALT, and leptin were significantly increased in the gallstone patients as compared with the healthy subjects (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.013, respectively). Intriguingly, serum adiponectin was the only variable to be significantly decreased in the gallstone patients (P = 0.002). Furthermore, serum AST, leptin, and adiponectin were significantly associated with gallstone disease (P < 0.001, P = 0.021, and P = 0.006, respectively). Overweight (BMI >or= 25 kg m(-2)), but not normal-weight, gallstone patients had an increased serum leptin and a decreased serum adiponectin level as compared with matched healthy subjects (P < 0.001 and P = 0.024, respectively). In addition, serum leptin was positively correlated with BMI and serum cholesterol, while serum adiponectin was inversely correlated with serum triglyceride in the gallstone patients. Our study indicated that hyperleptinaemia and hypoadiponectinaemia might be involved in the occurrence of gallstone disease. However, the causal relationship of hyperleptinaemia and hypoadiponectinaemia with gallstone disease might require further investigation.

Familial prevalence of gallstone in first-degree relatives of patients with gallstones

HepatologyVolume 23, Issue 6 p. 1708-1708 Book ReviewFree Access Familial prevalence of gallstone in first-degree relatives of patients with gallstones S K Sarin, S K SarinSearch for more papers by this author S K Sarin, S K SarinSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1996 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510230659AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Romero Y, Phillips SF. Familial prevalence of gallstones in first-degree relatives of patients with gallstones (Letter). Hepatology 1996; 23: 1285. 2 Sarin SK, Negi VS, Dewan R, Sasan S, Saraya A. High familial prevalence of gallstones in the first degree relatives of gallstone patients. Hepatology 1995; 22: 138– 141. 3 Jackson CE, Gay BC. Inheritance of gall bladder disease. Surgery 1959; 46: 853– 857. 4 Van der Linden W, Lindenof G. The familial occurrence of gall stone disease. Acta Genet Stat Med 1965; 15: 159– 164. 5 Van der Linden W, Simonson N. Familial occurrence of gall stone disease. Incidence in parents of young patients. Hum Hered 1973; 23: 123– 127. 6 Gilat T, Feldman C, Halpern Z, Dan M, Bar-Meir S. An increased familial frequency of gall stones. Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 242– 246. 7 Van der Linden W, Westlin N. The familial occurrence of gall stone disease II. Occurrence in husbands and wives. Acta Genet Basel 1966; 16: 377– 382. 8 Danzinger RG, Gorden H, Schoenfield LJ, Thistle JL. Lithogenic bile in the siblings of young women with cholelithiasis. Mayo Clin Proc 1972; 47: 762– 766. Volume23, Issue6June 1996Pages 1708-1708 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Oral Contraceptive Use and the Occurrence of Gallstone Disease - A Case-Control Study

Background. We evaluated the hypothesized transient effect of oral contraceptive use on the occurrence of gallstone disease in a case–control study. Methods. The study comprised 82 acute cases, and 249 general population controls, 28 elective cases, and 106 radiodiagnosis controls. Risk-period-specific rate ratios were estimated by logistic regression analysis. Results. During the first 5 years after any year of oral contraceptive use (0- to 5-year risk period) the rate ratio was 1.6 (90% confidence interval, 0.83–2.95), and for the 6-to 10- and 11- to 20-year risk periods, 1.2 (0.67–2.13) and 1.1 (0.69–1.65), respectively. Further evaluation showed substantial confounding by other risk factors. After these were controlled for, the rate ratios were 1.1, 1.8, and 1.0 for the respective risk periods. When oral contraceptive use had been started recently (within 5 years before diagnosis) the rate ratio was 4.8 (0.79–29.7); recent oral contraceptive use was not associated with gallstone disease if preceded by 6 or more years of oral contraceptive use (rate ratio 0.8 (0.15–4.55)). Conclusions. The results are consistent with a transient effect of oral contraceptive use that does not accumulate beyond 10 years of use. However, the substantial confounding effect in our study raises the question whether the present and previously reported estimates of the effect may be biased by confounding.

Pregnancy and Gallstone Disease: An Empiric Demonstration of the Importance of Specification of Risk Periods

This paper discusses the importance of specification of risk periods in research of the effect of pregnancy on the occurrence of gallstone disease. The authors present data from a case-control study, started in 1983 in Maastricht, The Netherlands. The study comprised 100 acute gallstone cases and 305 general population controls and 41 elective cases and 122 elective radiodiagnosis controls. In a conventional analysis, the rate ratio for one or more pregnancies ever (vs. never) was 1.2 (90% confidence interval 1.02-1.36). In an analysis that discerned several subsequent risk periods, an effect was found only for the risk period up to 5 years after pregnancy (rate ratio, 2.4; 90% confidence interval 1.12-4.96). Beyond this risk period no effect was noted. The results suggest that pregnancy increases the rate of gallstone formation only transiently. Six reasons for specifying risk periods in nonexperimental etiologic studies are discussed. The authors contend that ignoring of risk periods explains part of the variation in the findings of earlier studies on pregnancy and the risk of gallstone disease.

Thiazide use and the risk of cholecystectomy in women.

As part of a case-control study of gallstone disease conducted among the female members of Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, the authors investigated the possible etiologic role of prior use of thiazide diuretics. One hundred fifty-three women who underwent gallstone surgery between January 1979 and September 1980, and 156 controls selected from membership files, were interviewed about their past use of certain medications, their reproductive history, and physical and demographic characteristics. The risk of gallstone disease which required surgery among women who had used thiazides relative to those who had not used this drug, after controlling for age, race, pregnancy, and body mass index, was 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-3.7). However, this association was present only among women who were not overweight, i.e., those with body mass index less than or equal to 36, for whom the relative risk was 5.0 (95% CI = 1.8-13.5). Among overweight women, the relative risk was 1.0 (95% CI = 0.5-2.2). Among women who were not overweight, there was no further increase in risk with increasing duration or recency of thiazide use. These data fail to agree with data from earlier studies which show a possible thiazide-gallstone disease association. The results of the present study suggest that if thiazide use has any influence on the occurrence of gallstone disease in women, that influence exists primarily in those who are not overweight.

The familial occurrence of gallstone disease. II. Occurrence in husbands and wives.

The familial occurrence of gallstone disease. II. Occurrence in husbands and wives.

The Familial Occurrence of Gallstone Disease

The Familial Occurrence of Gallstone Disease