Occurrence Of Endocrine Disruptors Research Articles

Chemometric Interpretation on the Occurrence of Endocrine Disruptors in Source Water from Malaysia

Multivariate statistical techniques comprising of hierarchical cluster analysis (HACA), discriminant analysis (DA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate and interpret a large dataset for the rivers in Selangor, Malaysia. The dataset consists of analytical results for three physical parameters and nine endocrine disrupting compounds from 25 sampling sites representing source water in the state. HACA successfully grouped the sampling sites to three major clusters (low, moderate, and high pollution) while DA identified eight of the most significant variables that contributed to the high spatial variation to afford 94% correct assignations. Moreover, the application of DA to confirm the seasonal classification to dry and rainy season afforded 88% correct assignations using three variables. In addition, DA offers insight on the inadequacies of the current classification of river water by the Department of Environment based on physical variables. Meanwhile, PCA identified eleven variables to point out 67% of spatial variability. While significant data reduction was not achieved using PCA, it allowed grouping of the variables according to common features which was useful in identifying sources of contamination. This study highlights the usefulness of chemometric techniques for the effective management of source water and identifying appropriate pollution control strategies.

Analysis and Occurrence of Endocrine Disruptors in Brazilian Water by HPLC-Fluorescence Detection

A method for simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in water supply was developed using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The linearity was evaluated between 2.5 and 200 μg L−1 (r> for the analytes. The limits of quantification were 1.5 and 2.1 ng L−1 for BPA and EE2, respectively. The extraction was made with C18 cartridges, and recoveries obtained varied between 70 and 102 % for the strengthening of 5 μg L−1. After the validation, the method was applied in the determination of pollutants in surface water and water supply of Sao Luis, Brazil, where BPA was found in two of the eight samples analyzed, with concentrations of 1.11 and 3.61 μg L−1.