Occurrence Of Enamel Hypoplasia Research Articles

The role of developmental factors in hypoplasia of deciduous teeth and treatment specifics in pediatric dental practice

Relevance. Congenital and systemic diseases can lead to developmental errors in the enamel organ, resulting in anomalies such as enamel hypoplasia. The high prevalence of these defects illustrates the vulnerability of teeth to changes in the intrauterine and postnatal environments. Enamel hypoplasia contributes to the development of caries and tooth wear by making enamel thinner, more retentive to dental plaque, and less resistant to acid degradation compared to normal enamel. Surfaces of the affected hard tissues are smooth and exhibit a symmetric distribution pattern. The occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in children is a significant factor in the development of caries; thus, they require comprehensive treatment and ongoing preventive care by a pediatric dentist.Purpose. To analyze the impact of factors contributing to the development of deciduous teeth hypoplasia in children, on the frequency of this condition and the specifics of its treatment by a pediatric dentist.Materials and Methods. The study involved the examination and treatment of children aged 4-12 at the Dental and Implantology Department of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University over a 12-month period. Out of 972 children, 67 were diagnosed with systemic enamel hypoplasia. A questionnaire was developed for statistical research, and data were processed using Statistica 7.0 software Statistica 7.0 (StatSoft, США).Results. The survey revealed chronic diseases in 16.42% of mothers. During pregnancy, 68.6% of the mothers visited a dentist once, and 31.3% visited two to three times. Most mothers experienced early pregnancy toxemia—67% in the first half and 58.2% in the second half of the pregnancy. Additionally, 50.7% suffered from acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, and 25.4% had gastrointestinal diseases. Feeding practices involved breastfeeding in 68.7% of cases and artificial feeding in 31.3% (up to 3 months – 16.4%, up to 1 year – 64.1%, up to 2 years – 19.4%). Examination of the oral cavity in 67 children with systemic hypoplasia revealed a spotted form in 79.1% of cases and a purely destructive form in 20.9% of cases. Contemporary conservative dentistry emphasizes minimally invasive approaches to the treatment of such dental defects.Conclusion. The study of deciduous tooth hypoplasia in children highlighted the importance of the health status of the expectant mother and timely sanitation of the oral cavity. Particular attention should be paid to maternal infectious diseases, specifically influenza and ARVI. The findings underscore the need for preventive measures against temporary tooth hypoplasia from the onset of pregnancy planning to enhance the dental well-being of children.

The effect of Vitamin D deficiency on the occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in babies: A review article

Background: Vitamin D is a steroid prohormone that can be obtained primarily from exposure to sunlight and can also be obtained from food or supplements. Vitamin D has an important role in various metabolisms and developments in the human body, including in the process of odontogenesis or tooth development. Vitamin D deficiency can be associated with various problems in the oral cavity, in this case it has the potential to trigger enamel hypoplasia. Enamel hypoplasia is a quantitative defect in enamel, which appears as pits, grooves, missing enamel or smaller teeth. This literature study will discuss the relationship between Vitamin D concentration and dental development in early childhood. Method: The method used is an article review that was conducted by analyzing various articles on related themes on virtual platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Science Direct. Results: Vitamin D significantly affects the development of teeth in fetuses to babies. Conclusion: Vitamin D plays an important role in various metabolisms and development of the human body. Vitamin D deficiency can cause developmental disorders and various diseases of the oral cavity such as enamel hypoplasia.

Relationship between preterm, low birth weight, and development defects of enamel in the primary dentition: A meta-analysis.

This study aimed to systematically analyze the relationship between preterm (PT), low birth weight (LBW), and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary dentition. Following the retrieval of the databases, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and cohort studies on the relationship between PT, LBW and DDE, which had been published in English or Chinese up to January 2022 were included. The data about odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were extracted and calculated using STATA 12.0 Software. Case-control studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), while cross-sectional studies and cohort studies were evaluated using the JBI scale. The heterogeneity of each study was evaluated using the Q test. A total of 15 studies were included, of which 8 studied the relationship between PT and DDE, and 13 explored the relationship between LBW and DDE including three about the relationship between very low birth weight (VLBW) and DDE. Seven studies explored the relationship between PT, LBW, and DDE. The results of this meta-analysis showed that both PT and LBW especially VLBW (OR = 7.19, 95% CI: 4.98-10.38) were risk factors for DDE in the primary dentition (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.55-3.51) (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.08-2.59). The subgroup results showed that PT and LBW were both associated with the occurrence of enamel hypoplasia (EHP) (OR = 6.89, 95% CI: 3.33-14.34; OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 2.10-3.68) rather than enamel opacity (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.55-1.61; OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.66-1.61). There was no publication bias about the included studies (P = 0.75 > 0.05; P = 0.47 > 0.05). This meta-analysis demonstrated that both PT and LBW especially VLBW are associated with a higher risk of DDE in the primary dentition. PT and LBW are both related to the occurrence of EHP. However, the relationship between PT, LBW, and enamel opacity has not been verified. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?, identifier: CRD42021262761.

Dental enamel hypoplasia as indicators of seasonal environmental and physiological impacts in modern sheep populations: a model for interpreting the zooarchaeological record

AbstractDental enamel hypoplasia is a developmental defect in enamel caused by physiological stress during dental development. Previous analysis of enamel hypoplasia in sheep has demonstrated that variation in its frequency can be linked to nutrition levels, with animals suffering from malnutrition more susceptible to enamel hypoplasia formation. Variation in enamel hypoplasia frequency has also been linked to climatic and ecological factors, leading to variation in the availability of fodder supplies and, consequently, variation in nutritional intake. In this paper, the occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in two modern sheep populations is, for the first time, correlated with known seasonal physiological and nutritional stress events. Using known age‐at‐death data, the dental development rates for sheep are reconstructed, allowing the position of enamel hypoplasia on the tooth crown to be linked to known periods of malnutrition and physiological stress. Both populations live under identical climatic conditions but with very different diets. Clear differences are observed between the two populations, with peaks of enamel hypoplasia correlating with different seasonal periods of malnutrition as well as common physiological stressors linked to birth and weaning. This is the first time that a clear correlation has been made between seasonal variation in nutrition and the occurrence of hypoplastic enamel defects in caprine populations. As such, this study provides a baseline from which the nutritional impact of caprine foddering and husbandry practices can be determined in future archaeological studies.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) introduction during growth and development period of rat’s tooth toward the occurrence of enamel hypoplasia

The aim of this study is to know the effect of lipopoly saccharide (LPS) induction during growth and development period specifically the occurrence of hypoplasia on tooth enamel. 5 day old male wistar rats divided into two groups. Group 1 (control) under went no treatment. Group 2 (treatment) under went LPS induction every 24 hour for 8 days on buccal fold right maxillary first molar. After 21 days old the rats were sacrificed and the tooth was resected. Hypoplasia Hypo calcification Index (HHI) was used to determine the degree of hypoplasia by clinical examination. Radiograph of maxilla was also taken to analyze the apacities of enamel by using COREL DRAW version 11. The result showed that group under went LPS induction hypoplasia occurred on its molar tooth and more radiolucent than control groups. The conclusion is LPS induction during growth and development period of rats tooth causing enamel hypoplasia.

Linear enamel hypoplasias as indicators of systemic physiological stress: Evidence from two known age‐at‐death and sex populations from postmedieval London

Enamel hypoplasias are useful indicators of systemic growth disturbances during childhood, and are routinely used to investigate patterns of morbidity and mortality in past populations. This study examined the pattern of linear enamel hypoplasias in two different burial populations from 18th and 19th Century church crypts in London. Linear enamel hypoplasias on the permanent dentitions of individuals from the crypt of Christ Church, Spitalfields, were compared to enamel defects on the teeth of individuals from St. Bride's. The method used involves the identification of enamel defects at a microscopic level, and systemic perturbations are detected by matching hypoplasias among different tooth classes within each individual. The pattern of linear enamel hypoplasias was contrasted between individuals from the burial sites of Spitalfields and St. Bride's, between males and females, and between those aged less than 20 years of age and those aged over 20 years at death. Six different parameters were examined: frequency of linear enamel hypoplasias, interval between defects, duration of hypoplasias, age at first occurrence of hypoplasia, age at last occurrence of hypoplasia, and the percentage of enamel formation time taken up by growth disturbances. All individuals in the study displayed linear enamel hypoplasias, with up to 33% of total visible enamel formation time affected by growth disruptions. Multiple regression analysis indicated a number of significant differences in the pattern of enamel hypoplasias. Individuals from Spitalfields had shorter intervals between defects and greater percentages of enamel formation time affected by growth disturbances than did individuals from St. Bride's. Females had greater numbers of linear enamel hypoplasias, shorter intervals between defects, and greater percentages of enamel formation time affected by growth disturbances than males. There were also differences in the pattern of enamel hypoplasias and age at death in this study. Individuals who died younger in life had an earlier age at first occurrence of enamel hypoplasia than those who survived to an older age. The pattern of enamel hypoplasias detected in this study was influenced by tooth crown geometry and tooth wear such that most defects were found in the midcrown and cervical regions of the teeth, and greater numbers of defects were identified on the anterior teeth. Differences in sensitivity of the parameters used for the detection of enamel hypoplasias were found in this study. The percentage of visible enamel formation time affected by growth disturbances was the parameter that identified the greatest number of significant differences among the subgroups examined.

Oral health in liver transplant children administered cyclosporin A or tacrolimus.

Immunosuppression by cyclosporin A (CsA) is associated with adverse side-effects, including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gingival overgrowth. Tacrolimus (TAC/FK506) is a new immunosuppressive agent, recently approved for use in solid-organ transplants. The mode of action of TAC is similar to that of CsA and the toxicity profile of CsA is duplicated by TAC. The effect of TAC on the gingival tissue is not yet conclusive. Gingival overgrowth was assessed in 30 liver transplant children, 20 boys and 10 girls, aged 2-19 years. Seventeen children (10 boys, seven girls) were on a CsA-based immunosuppressive regimen whereas 13 children (10 boys, three girls) were on TAC for at least 1 year (mean 4.3 +/- 2.7). In the CsA group, 35% of children exhibited gingival overgrowth characterized by one or more units with increased sulcus probing depth (> or = 4 mm), i.e. pseudopockets. In contrast to the CsA group, none of the children in the TAC group exhibited gingival overgrowth. The occurrence of enamel hypoplasia was observed in 11 children (36%) and enamel opacities were found in 23 children (76%). Six of the 12 children (50%) with hyperbilirubinaemia biliary atresia exhibited a marked greenish discoloration of the teeth. Caries experience (dmft/DMFT) among these children was 2.0 +/- 2.8. No difference in caries experience or enamel defect was observed between the CsA and TAC group.

Dental size and shape in the Roman imperial age: two examples from the area of Rome.

Different socioeconomic strata of Roman imperial age are represented by two large dental samples recovered from archaeological excavations near Rome, Italy. Teeth are investigated for crown dimensions and morphological variants. One sample, comprising 1,465 permanent teeth, represents the rural town of Lucus Feroniae (LFR) and is mainly composed of slaves and war veterans. The other, comprising 734 teeth from the Isola Sacra necropolis at Portus Romae (NIS), represents the "middle class" segment of an urban population. Both series show small dental dimensions and fit at the lower end of the trend toward dental reduction in Europe from the Upper Paleolithic to the historical times. The urban sample is less variable metrically and less sexually dimorphic than the rural one. The analysis of discrete crown traits shows absence of rare phenotypic variants in both series. The urban sample is also less variable in this last respect, suggesting that the gene pool of this particular "stratum" of the NIS population was more homogeneous than that of LFR. The occurrence of enamel hypoplasia indicates that metabolic stress during growth and development was similar in LFR and NIS. The overall set of available data is evaluated in the light of the history of the two Roman sites and the composition of each population.

Occurrence of Enamel Hypoplasia in the Dentitions of Simian Primates

Occurrence of Enamel Hypoplasia in the Dentitions of Simian Primates

Oral findings in the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidosis syndrome (APECS) and other forms of hypoparathyroidism

Of twenty-eight patients aged 4 to 28 years with the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidosis syndrome (APECS), twenty-seven had chronic oral candidosis, twenty-five had HPT, twenty-three had enamel hypoplasia, and nineteen had hypoadrenocorticism. Of three patients with other forms of hypoparathyroidism, none had any associated disease or oral abnormality. In nineteen cases candidosis was the first manifestation of APECS. Its occurrence was independent of the other components of the syndrome. The occurrence of enamel hypoplasia also was independent of HPT. Possibly, the enamel organ was affected by an autoimmune episode. No delayed maturation, resorption, or root hypoplasia was observed. Tooth impaction occurred in three patients.

Occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in children with congenital allergies.

Occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in children with congenital allergies.