Occurrence Of Damage Research Articles

Kounis syndrome in the era of COVID-19: pathophysiology, clinical challenges, and therapeutic approaches

Kounis syndrome, first described in 1991, refers to allergic or hypersensitive reactions that result in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In addition to SARS-CoV-2, this disease has enhanced our comprehension of viral infections, inflammatory reactions, and cardiovascular repercussions. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the occurrence of cardiac damage, arrhythmias, and thrombotic events that are associated to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby making the understanding of their development more complex. This research explores the complex correlation between Kounis syndrome and COVID-19, encompassing the phenomena of cytokine storms and endothelial dysfunction. Diagnosing Kounis syndrome in the context of COVID-19 presents challenges, nevertheless, it is imperative to distinguish it from other cardiovascular disorders. The identification of risk factors and predisposing situations that can exacerbate Kounis syndrome in COVID-19 patients is highlighted, with a particular focus on patient assessment. The care of Kounis syndrome in COVID-19 necessitates a multidisciplinary strategy that involves collaboration among cardiologists, allergists, and other specialists. Possible therapies encompass epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids, cardiovascular interventions, as well as long-term surveillance and measures to reduce risk. Additional investigation should include epidemiological enquiries, experimental frameworks, and advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Comprehending the connection between viral infections and coronary syndromes caused by allergies is crucial for clinical practice and the well-being of patients. This review explores the neurobiological similarities and clinical implications of Kounis syndrome and COVID-19, aiming to enhance comprehension and treatment of this intricate clinical scenario.

Imaging of Gut Bacterial Macroscopic Changes in Simulated Microgravity-Exposed Rats via In Vivo Metabolic Labeling.

The impact of the microgravity environment on gut bacteria has been widely recognized to induce notable gastrointestinal pathology during extended spaceflight. However, most current studies for gut microbiome homeostasis profiling are based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples; this technology faces challenges in analyzing gut bacterial alterations in situ, dynamically, and with high spatiotemporal resolution. Herein, we present the utilization of bioorthogonal metabolic labeling for noninvasive imaging of gut bacterial macroscopic changes in simulated microgravity (SMG) rats. After being subsequently labeled with the metabolic reporters d-Ala-N3 and ICG-DBCO through click chemistry, it was shown that SMG can trigger obvious perturbation of gut bacteria, evidenced by the significant increase in the total bacterial content and spatial distribution variations. Such a difference was accompanied by the occurrence of intestinal inflammation and tissue damage. Compared with 16S rRNA genome analysis focusing on composition and diversity, the metabolic labeling strategy provides unprecedented insights into the macroscopic changes of the gut bacterial content and distribution under SMG. Our study will be helpful for investigating the biological implication of SMG-induced imbalance in gut bacteria, potentially promoting the deep investigation of the complex gastrointestinal pathology in space biomedicine.

Investigation of the effects of a new transdermal formulation of systemic diclofenac on the upper gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with low back pain: A comparative study with oral diclofenac.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with gastrointestinal mucosal damage attributed to a topical effect of NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal mucosa after oral administration and cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition. Diclofenac sodium systemic patch (DSSP), a transdermal patch from which diclofenac sodium is absorbed through the skin to exert its effects through the circulating blood, is considered to reduce the occurrence of gastrointestinal mucosal damage compared with oral diclofenac. This study aimed to compare the effect of DSSP on the upper gastrointestinal mucosa with that of an orally administered diclofenac sodium tablet (DST). This randomized, evaluator-blinded study included Japanese patients with low back pain (LBP). The patients were administered with either DSSP (150mg/day) or DST (75mg/day) for 2weeks. The primary endpoint was the incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers and/or erosions on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after the study treatment. Thirty patients each were randomly assigned to the DSSP and DST groups. The incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers and/or erosions was 26.7% and 86.2% in the DSSP and DST groups, respectively. The difference in the incidence was -59.5% (95% confidence interval: -77.0 to -34.6). No adverse events (AEs) were observed in the DSSP group, and 20.0% (6/30 patients) reported mild AEs in the DST group (excluding ulcers and erosions). DSSP is associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal mucosal damage than DST, which has the same active ingredient but uses a different route of administration, in patients with LBP.

Coupled Elastic–Plastic Damage Modeling of Rock Based on Irreversible Thermodynamics

Shale is a common rock in oil and gas extraction, and the study of its nonlinear mechanical behavior is crucial for the development of engineering techniques such as hydraulic fracturing. This paper establishes a new coupled elastic–plastic damage model based on the second law of thermodynamics, the strain equivalence principle, the non-associated flow rule, and the Drucker–Prager yield criterion. This model is used to describe the mechanical behavior of shale before and after peak strength and has been implemented in ABAQUS via UMAT for numerical computation. The model comprehensively considers the quasi-brittle and anisotropic characteristics of shale, as well as the strength degradation caused by damage during both the elastic and plastic phases. A damage yield function has been established as a criterion for damage occurrence, and the constitutive integration algorithm has been derived using a regression mapping algorithm. Compared with experimental data from La Biche shale in Canada, the theoretical model accurately simulated the stress–strain curves and volumetric–axial strain curves of shale under confining pressures of 5 MPa, 25 MPa, and 50 MPa. When compared with experimental data from shale in Western Hubei and Eastern Chongqing, China, the model precisely fitted the stress–strain curves of shale at pressures of 30 MPa, 50 MPa, and 70 MPa, and at bedding angles of 0°, 22.5°, 45°, and 90°. This proves that the model can effectively predict the failure behavior of shale under different confining pressures and bedding angles. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis has been performed on parameters such as the plastic hardening rate b, damage evolution rate Bω, weighting factor r, and damage softening parameter a. This research is expected to provide theoretical support for the efficient extraction technologies of shale oil and gas.

Thermal damage diagnosis in micro grinding processes based on raw acoustic emission signals and convolution neural networks

A micro-grinding process is usually the last machining operation among the various processes employed in the manufacturing of metallic components. It is generally the first option when the manufactured products require a combination of low surface roughness values and narrow dimensional tolerances. However, one of the main challenges of a micro-grinding process is avoiding high specific energy and the corresponding intense heat generation, as this can damage the workpiece. The energy consumed during micro-grinding is almost entirely converted into heat, making the component susceptible to thermal damage. As the occurrence of this damage compromises the service life of manufactured components, the implementation of monitoring systems is essential to guarantee the quality of the manufactured products improving process efficiency. In this study, a new approach based on convolution neural networks (CNNs) is proposed to predict the occurrence of thermal damage in the micro-grinding process. This approach uses raw acoustic emission (AE) signals as inputs into CNN, which is a more technically feasible approach to performing real-time monitoring. To obtain the AE data, micro-grinding experiments were conducted on N2711 grade steel (which is susceptible to thermal damage) under different cutting conditions (ae = 5–50 µm). The obtained AE signals were labeled based on the offline analyses performed on the workpieces, which identified the occurrence of thermal damage through visual inspections, microhardness, and microstructural analysis. For the conditions employed in this work, thermal damage was obtained after grinding with depth of cut values > 10 µm. Total 3960 AE signals were obtained of which 2200 of them were associated with thermal damage. The results depict that the proposed CNN model was able to successfully classify normal and thermal damage AE signals reaching an accuracy of 98.6% over the dataset (0.4% false positives and 1.0% false negatives).

Seismic Vulnerability Index Mapping Based on PGA, GSS, and MMI Values in Pasar Ujung Kepahiang Village

Pasar Ujung Village is located in Kepahiang District, which has the highest growth rate and population compared to other sub-districts in Kepahiang Regency, with a growth rate of 1.63% and a population of 53,066 thousand people. As one of the efforts to minimize the occurrence of damage due to earthquake disasters in Pasar Ujung Village, Kepahiang, it is necessary to map the seismic vulnerability index using the microtremor method. The research was conducted in Pasar Ujung Village, Kepahiang. Measurement points were placed at 28 points with a distance of approximately 200 m between points. Primary data used in this study came from microtremor surveys with A0 and f0 values. The results of the study are also included in the high-risk category for the social impact of earthquake disasters with an MMI value of more than 7. Based on the PGA map, it shows that the research location is quite prone to damage due to earthquakes, with a PGA value of > 564gal. Based on the PGA value obtained, the value is classified as instrumental intensity scale VI-VIII with shaking strength in the strong to very strong category. The magnitude of the earthquake, the depth of the source, and the distance of the earthquake source from the research location also contribute. The thickness of the surface sediment layer can be a consideration for people who will carry out development.

Detecting Damage to Cultural Heritage during Armed Conflict Using the Case of Ukraine

Armed conflict not only causes civilian casualties, but also damages or destroys civilian infrastructure, including cultural heritage sites. Despite the common occurrence of damage to heritage sites during conflict, monitoring is usually done on a case-by-case basis once conflict ends, which leads to delayed and incomplete coverage. The lack of systematic, large-scale, and near real-time monitoring limits research and response efforts intended to help communities recover from conflict. To address this gap, we advance a methodology to systematically identify potential damage to heritage sites during active armed conflict. We use NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) data and information on the location of heritage sites obtained from OpenStreetMap to determine which heritage sites likely suffered damage and when. We describe our methodology and showcase its accuracy in detecting damage to cultural heritage sites. We compare FIRMS predictions to “ground truth” estimates generated from AI-processed moderate resolution satellite imagery of building damage in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. We conclude with a discussion of the uses of this methodology to monitor damage to civilian spaces during armed conflict.

Fireproof Cavity Structure with Enhanced Impact Resistance and Thermal Insulation toward Safeguarding.

Developing devices emphasizing safety protection is becoming increasingly important due to the widespread occurrence of impact damage and thermal hazards. Herein, the F-SSG/TPU-based circular cavity structure (FC) is developed through a convenient and efficient template method, which can effectively achieve anti-impact and thermal insulation for protection. The flame-retardant shear stiffening gel/thermoplastic urethane (F-SSG/TPU) is synthesized through the dynamic interaction between the SSG, TPU, and modified ammonium polyphosphate (APP@UiO-66-NH2) by thermo-solvent reactions. The developed FC can dissipate the impact force from 4.19 to 0.99 kN at 45 cm impacting heights, indicating good anti-impact performance. Moreover, the thermal insulation test demonstrates that the FC achieves a temperature drop of 76 °C at 160 °C attributed to the unique cavity structure design. Under the continuous shock of high-temperature flame, FC remains intact, and its performance is almost undamaged. These results elaborate that the designed FC can effectively resist various damage, such as high-temperature shock and collision. Then, a wearable wristband integrated with FC is developed which exhibits superior impact resistance and heat insulation properties compared with commercial wristbands. In short, this cavity structure based on high-performance F-SSG/TPU material shows promising potential applications in the protection field.

Peat-based amendment of soils reduces the complexity of the volatile profile in cultivated black truffles.

Truffle cultivation is evolving rapidly and new agronomic practices such as 'truffle nests' (localized peat amendments of the orchard soil) are being developed. Truffle nests improve the shape of truffles and their depth in the soil and reduce the occurrence of insect damage but have also raised concerns about their impact on the ripeness and maturity of the harvested truffles. In this study, the effect of the nests on the volatile organic compounds profile and the aromatic profile of black truffles was evaluated, as well as the existence of perceptible sensorial differences in truffles. For this, truffles growing in nests were compared with truffles growing in the bulk soil of the same host tree. Gas chromatography showed that nest truffles had a less complex volatile organic compound profile than bulk-soil truffles. Olfactometry indicated that nest truffles were associated with higher modified frequency values of odorants corresponding to sulfur-containing compounds. Despite this, sensory evaluation with consumers could not clearly show that nest truffles can be distinguished sensorially from bulk-soil truffles. The results prove that soil conditions can influence the aromatic profile of truffles and thus suggest the possibility of managing truffle aroma using agronomic practices. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Real-time identification of foundation damage in high-Pile Wharves: Nonlinear feature change point analysis in dynamic characteristics under wave excitation

Waves are a common excitation form for wharves. The responses of pile foundation in high-pile wharves under such excitation exhibit pronounced nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics, compromising the robustness of damage detection methods. To address this challenge, this paper first introduces a method using Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) and spectral feature analysis, aimed at extracting the overall characteristic sub-signals to resolve multi-type signal aliasing. Secondly, the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is employed to isolate the nonlinear dynamic features of the response under wave excitation. Thirdly, the Weighted Residual Cumulative Sum (WRCUSUM) method is developed to monitor changes in response characteristics online, thereby enabling the identification of damage occurrence and its timing. Further, the efficacy of the proposed method has been validated through high-pile wharf experiments conducted at various damage levels. This approach not only offers a novel solution for online damage detection under wave excitation but also introduces a new strategy for non-destructive testing across offshore engineering applications.

Occurrence of Cold Damage in Several Olive Cultivars in Coastal Area of Gyeongsangnam-do and at Different Low Temperatures

Occurrence of Cold Damage in Several Olive Cultivars in Coastal Area of Gyeongsangnam-do and at Different Low Temperatures

Effect of Natural Ionizing Radiation on Health Indicators in Region with Monazite Sand in Brazil

Abstract Objective This article compares the occurrence of cancer and germinal damage in the city of Guarapari-Espírito Santo (ES), an area with high natural ionizing radiation, with other coastal cities. Material and Methods The evaluated cities were: Guarapari (ES), Campos (Rio de Janeiro), Rio Grande (Rio Grande do Sul), and Ilhéus (Bahia); the following factors were considered: mortality rate % from tumors (2007–2017), mortality rate % from tumors up to 15 years of age (2007–2017), hospital morbidity rate % from tumors up to 15 years of age (2008–2018), and hospital morbidity rate % from congenital malformation and chromosomal anomalies (2008–2018). Radiometric surveys were conducted by the Applied Physics Group at Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Results The natural radiation levels recorded in Guarapari resulted in accumulated dose between 3.65 and 10.95 mSv/year, and 1 mSv in the other cities. The highest average cancer mortality rates were: Rio Grande = 22.4%; Guarapari = 17.6%; Campos = 16.7%; and Ilhéus = 11.8%. The proportional hospital mortality and morbidity rates for cancer up to 15 years of age are as follows: Ilhéus = 3.36 and 5.87%; Rio Grande = 0.79 and 7.38%; Guarapari = 0.64 and 7.25%; and Campos = 0.39 and 9.13%. The hospital morbidity rate due to congenital malformations and chromosomal anomalies was 0.72% for Campos, 0.63% for Rio Grande, 0.62% for Guarapari, and 0.43% for Ilhéus. Conclusion There was no increase in cases of cancer or germ damage in Guarapari. These results indicated a dose threshold in the induction of these damages, contradicting the current linear no-threshold theory.

Detection and Prediction of Probe Mark Damage in Wafer Testing

In wafer testing, the test probe needs to contact the surface of the semiconductor wafer to measure electrical parameters such as resistance, capacitance, and current. The probe mark damage frequently occurs on the machine during wafer testing. This phenomenon causes inaccuracies in electrical parameter testing, significantly reducing the yield in IC packaging processes and resulting in substantial manufacturing cost losses. Therefore, this study proposed an effective probe mark damage detection and prediction method to prevent significant yield reduction due to inaccurate testing. This study uses importance analysis from random forests and correlation analysis to identify the critical parameters influencing probe mark damage. Introducing these parameters into a Sparse Transformer with hybrid normalization can successfully train an intelligent model for predicting the occurrence of probe mark damage. The model accurately predicts the probability of probe mark damage and promptly adjusts machine parameters to avoid inaccuracies in electrical parameter settings. The proposed approach can outperform other methods, achieving two very high accuracies of 95.1% (at room temperature) and 93.5% (at high temperature) and significantly reducing the occurrence of large-area probe mark damage.

Nrf-2/HO-1 activation protects against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by metal welding fume UFPs in 16HBE cells

As one of the main occupational hazards, welding fumes can cause oxidative damage and induce series of diseases, such as COPD or asthma. To clarify the effects of the metal fume ultrafine particulates (MF-UFPs) of welding fumes on oxidative damage, UFPs were collected by melt inert gas (MIG) and manual metal arc (MMA) welding, and the composition was confirmed. Human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells were treated with 0–1000 µg/cm2 MF-UFPs to analyse the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and cytokines. The protein and mRNA expression of Keap1-Nrf-2/antioxidant response elements (AREs) signalling pathway components were also analysed. After 4 h of treatment, the cell viability decreased 25% after 33.85 and 32.81 µg/cm2 MIG/MMA-UFPs treated. The intracellular ATP concentrations were also decreased significantly, while LDH leakage was increased. The decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS suggested the occurrence of oxidative damage, and the results of proteome profiling arrays also showed a significant increase in IL-6 and IL-8. The expression of AREs which related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory were also increased. These results indicate that the MF-UFPs can cause oxidative stress in 16HBE cells and activate the Nrf-2/ARE signalling pathway to against oxidative damage.

СИСТЕМА "АЛЬТРА" ДІАГНОСТУВАННЯ СТАНУ ІЗОЛЯЦІЇ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ ТА ЗАХИС-ТУ ЇЇ ВІД ОДНОФАЗНИХ ЗАМИКАНЬ

One of the problems in an electrical network with an isolated (compensated) neutral is the selective determina-tion of a damaged element during a single-phase earth fault. Taking into account the negative impact of single-phase earth faults on the equipment of electrical networks with an isolated or compensated neutral, as well as improving the electrical safety conditions of people and animals, it is necessary to install selective protections with the of turning off of damaged element. Selective operation of protections against such damage can be en-sured on the basis of the analysis of zero-sequence currents, phase voltages and zero-sequence voltage of the bus section from which these feeders are powered. As operational experience has shown, selective operation of pro-tection against single-phase earth faults in such networks can be ensured only with the use of digital devices. The work considers the "Altra" system, designed for diagnosing the state of insulation, protecting feeders of 6-35 kV from single-phase earth fault, recording analog and binary signals of electrical installations. Altra digital protec-tion simultaneously covers up to 28 feeders, which provides comprehensive protection against single-phase earth faults of all substation feeders. The working algorithm of the developed protection against single-phase earth faults is based on the analysis of the transient process immediately after the occurrence of damage, which provides selective identification of the damaged feeder both in networks with an isolated neutral and in networks with a compensated. The system organizes the recording of oscillograms of emergency processes and infor-mation about damage by "Altra" devices, followed by their transfer to the dispatcher's automated workplace. This makes it possible to carry out a detailed analysis of accidents and diagnose the insulation of the electrical net-work.

Damage characterization and modelling of FRP laminated composites subjected to external edge-on impact

This paper presents both experimental and numerical investigations into the edge-on impact behavior of T700/YPH307 composite laminates with varying lay-up designs and impact energy levels. Various non-destructive testing techniques, including visual inspection, ultrasonic C-scanning and X-ray computed tomography (CT), were used to detect the post-impact damage status and further reveal its 3D spatial distribution. A continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model, incorporating in-plane shear nonlinearity, fracture plane angle within anisotropic materials, as well as fiber kinking failure in longitudinal compression, was established using an explicit solver. Detailed comparison of the experimental and numerical results was conducted in mechanical response curves and failure mechanisms, where a good agreement was observed. Parameter analyses on the in-situ strengths and the friction coefficient were also performed, offering guidelines for the edge-on impact modelling. Failure mechanisms induced by edge-on impact typically exhibit two distinct features: a highly localized debris wedge, which can be regarded as a trigger in the subsequent occurrence of damage, and the bending fracture of the outer plies resulting from the wedge effect during the oscillating stage of an impact force plateau. Besides, higher impact energy exacerbated internal damage, while the influence of the lay-ups was relatively limited.

Composite delamination damage location based on non-orthogonal air-coupled ultrasonic guided waves and Artifact-Reduction damage index

This study focuses on the localization of delamination damage in composite materials. Due to the attenuation of the air-coupled ultrasound at the gas–solid coupling interface, the signal-to-noise ratio of the air-coupled ultrasonic signal is low, which results in low accuracy of damage detection. This paper proposes a method to locate delamination damage in composite materials. This method uses non-orthogonal Air-coupled Ultrasonic Guided Waves for B-scan; an artifact-reduction damage index (ARDI) is designed with the proportion of the scan paths containing damage information to the entire scan paths. These two exquisite designs improve detection accuracy. Finally, the probability of damage occurrence is calculated, and the detection of the damage location is achieved, with the positioning error of the damage being less than 1.5%.

Predictive Factors of Renal Insufficiency Among Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension in Northeastern Communities of Thailand

The purpose of this study was to study the predictive factors of chronic renal insufficiency in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and diabetes and hypertension in Tajong Subdistrict, Lahan Sai District, Buriram Province. This study, a retrospective case-control study, analyzed data from a 2023 database of patients with chronic diseases in Northeastern Thailand. A study of 4 3 5 community diabetes and hypertension patients analyzed predictive factors of renal insufficiency using SPSS, utilizing descriptive statistics, chi-square, and binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the subjects had an average glomerular filtration rate of 73.90 ml/min/1.73m2 (S.D. = 24.02), which was classified as the most abnormal filtration rate of 67.80%. CKD stage 2 (eGFR 60-89 ml/min/1.73m2) is the most. Among patients with diabetics, the predictive equation for renal insufficiency is -2.82+2.808 Age + 4.675BUN. In patients with hypertension, there is a prediction equation for the occurrence of renal insufficiency: -3.391 + 2.246Sex + 2.246Age + 2.637BUN, and in patients with hypertension and diabetics is an equation for predicting the occurrence of renal insufficiency: -4.021 + 1.554sex + 2.023Age + 3.332BUN. It is proposed that gender, age, and BUN all influence the occurrence of renal damage in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and diabetes plus hypertension. As a result, the healthcare team should have standards for assessing risk and preventing renal insufficiency in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Additional research should be conducted to examine the factors associated with kidney deterioration in patients who are unable to control their blood sugar levels.

Molecular epidemiology and vaccine compatibility analysis of seasonal influenza A viruses in the context of COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the global influenza vaccination and the epidemics of seasonal influenza. To further explore the molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses and assess vaccine effectiveness, we collected influenza cases in Wuhan during the 2022-2023 influenza season. Among 1312 clinical samples, 312 samples tested positive for influenza viruses using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These positive samples included 146A/H1N1 subtypes (46.8%), 164A/H3N2 subtypes (52.6%) and 2 influenza B virus types (0.6%). Based on the whole genome sequence information of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) from 27A/H1N1 influenza virus strains and 26A/H3N2 influenza virus strains obtained in this study, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted. The analysis revealed that all A/H1N1 strains belonged to the evolutionary branch 6B.1A.5a.2a, and they exhibited specific substitutions at positions K71Q, Q206E, E241A, and R276K. Similarly, all A/H3N2 strains were classified into the 3C.2a1b.2a.1a subclade and displayed amino acid substitutions at positions S172H, N175Y, I176T, K187N, and S214P. Notably, the A/H3N2 strains also acquired a new potential glycosylation site at position N174. Using an epitope model, the predicted vaccine effectiveness was assessed for the A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 strains. The predicted vaccine effectiveness against the Wuhan influenza epidemic strain was over 85% for the A/H1N1 vaccine strain. However, the effectiveness against the A/H3N2 vaccine strain was only 48.7%. To further verify the protection of influenza vaccine against circulating influenza viruses in the region, we conducted in vivo and in vitro animal studies. The results of in vitro neutralization experiment showed that rabbit serum antibodies inoculated with quadrivalent isolated influenza vaccine had neutralization ability against all 24 isolated influenza viruses. In vivo experiments showed that vaccinated mice had fewer lung lesions when infected with the influenza strain circulating in Wuhan, suggesting that vaccination can effectively reduce the occurrence of severe lung damage. These findings emphasize the importance of accurately predicting seasonal influenza strains for effective influenza prevention and control, especially during the co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. This study provides valuable information on the seasonal influenza virus in Wuhan during the COVID-19 pandemic and serves as a basis for vaccine prediction and updates.

AKR7A5 knockout promote acute liver injury by inducing inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice.

Alcohol liver disease has become a worldwide critical health problem. The ingested alcohol could be converted into acetaldehyde or combined with free fatty acids to induce the endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress in the liver. Coincidentally, AKR7A5 has both aldehyde detoxification and antioxidant effects. Therefore, we discuss the possible role and mechanism of AKR7A5 in the acute alcohol injury of mice liver. There were four experiment groups, the C57BL/6 mice of wild-type mice (WT) or AKR7A5-/- mice (KO) were intragastrically administrated with saline or 50% ethanol at 14 mL/kg, respectively. Compared to the WT + alcohol group, abnormal liver function, disordered hepatic cord, severe congestion in the hepatic sinus and the space of the hepatic cord, occurrence of oxidative stress, DNA damage and different expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected in the KO + alcohol group. Meanwhile, the biological process enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated proteins were related to the metabolism of fatty acid, the up-regulated proteins positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process, negative regulation of coagulation and haemostasis. In conclusion, single ethanol binge combined with the absence of AKR7A5 caused more severe inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis of endogenous pathways, abnormal lipids metabolism and disordered coagulation in mice liver.