Occurrence Of Cysts Research Articles

Dentigerous cysts in horses: A retrospective study

SummaryBackgroundDentigerous cysts are well‐known congenital defects in horses, and the literature on this condition is extensive. Recently, a third type of dentigerous cyst, associated with an exostosis arising from the temporal bone, has been described. Today, computed tomography (CT) is often available and provides detailed information about the exact location and extent of dentigerous cysts, allowing for the description of new findings.Study designThis is a case series outlining the clinical, radiographic and computed tomographic features of dentigerous cysts in seven horses presented to the Equine Clinic at the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.ObjectivesThe aim of this case series was to describe the radiographic and computed tomographic findings, and the occurrence of exostoses arising from the temporal bone, in horses with dentigerous cysts.MethodsThe medical records of the Equine Hospital at the University of Zurich were reviewed for horses admitted with dentigerous cysts between 2007 and 2023. Data collected and analysed included patient signalment, clinical history, clinical signs and their duration prior to referral, diagnostic imaging results, treatment and outcomes.ResultsThe most common location for the cysts was the base of the ear, although in one case, the maxillary sinus was involved. Of the seven cases, four were Icelandic horses. CT proved superior to standard radiography for determining the extent and precise location of the cysts, as well as for identifying dental material and exostoses in the temporal region. CT also facilitated detailed surgical planning. All cysts were surgically removed with good long‐term outcomes.Main limitationsOverall, the incidence of dentigerous cysts in horses was low. The relatively high occurrence of dentigerous cysts in Icelandic horses in this study is an interesting finding, though the small sample size calls for further research.ConclusionsTwo of the cases in this series were similar to a recently described variant of a ‘temporal dentigerous cyst associated with an exostosis in the temporal region’ and were closely connected to the bony structure and draining tract.

Proximity predicament: a rare case of hydatid cyst in the porta hepatis region

Hydatid cysts near the porta hepatis present notable medical challenges due to their intricate positioning and potential influence on crucial structures within the liver and its vicinity. While relatively rare, their presence can lead to intricate medical scenarios because of their proximity to vital liver and bile duct structures, but their occurrence can present complex medical situations due to their proximity to critical structures in the liver and bile ducts. We present an unusual case of a 33-year-old male with no known comorbidities presented to the outpatient department of general surgery with pain, insidious in onset and gradually progressive, in the right hypochondrial region for the past 3 months, along with mild fever, reduced appetite, and weight loss of 3 kg. Managing hepatic cysts, especially when near the porta hepatis, poses significant diagnostic challenges. Imaging scans revealed multiple hypodense lesions suggestive of hepatic cysts, with the largest one measuring 5 cm × 8 cm in segment VI. Native post-contrast lesions were also observed in the right lower lobe. Although hepatic duct dilation was not observed, the presence of a cyst near the porta hepatis an atypical site for hydatid cyst, complicated potential PAIR procedures (puncture, aspirate, injection, re-aspirate), raising concerns about the risk of damaging vital structures like the hepatic artery or major bile duct. A multidisciplinary approach engaged interventional radiology to evaluate PAIRS feasibility. PAIRS was performed successfully, except for the cyst near the porta hepatis to avoid complications. Despite this, the patient continued to experience abdominal discomfort post-operation, although liver function tests improved in the postop period. This case underscores the uncommon occurrence of hydatid cysts near the porta hepatis and highlights the need for additional research to comprehend its prevalence and causes. Further investigation is crucial to enhance our understanding of the epidemiology and optimal management strategies involving PAIRS in such challenging cases.

Neogene–Quaternary paleoenvironments and kerogen assessment of the NDO B-1 well, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt, Eastern Mediterranean: palynological evidence

Palynofacies and palynological investigations conducted on the Neogene–Quaternary succession from the NDO B-1 well, located in the offshore Nile Delta, Egypt, in the Eastern Mediterranean, suggest generally shallow marine (neritic) conditions. These environments are manifested by the overall palynofacies composition and the occurrence of dinoflagellate cysts (e.g., Spiniferites spp., Lingulodinium spp., Hystrichokolpoma spp., Homotryblium spp. and Selenopemphix spp.). Neritic environments are suggested for the lower and middle Miocene Sidi Salim, and the Pliocene to Pleistocene upper Kafr El Sheikh, El Wastani and Mit Ghamr formations, while shallower, coastal to inner neritic settings were interpreted for the late Miocene (Qawasim and Rosetta formations) and early Pliocene (Abu Madi and lower Kafr El Sheikh formations). Anoxic conditions existed during the deposition of the studied well succession, which can be seen from the occurrence of imprints of pyrite crystals and some types of oxygen-sensitive dinoflagellate cysts. The palynofacies fluctuated repeatedly between Amorphous Organic Matter (AOM)-dominated and phytoclast-dominated intervals, of kerogen types II and III, respectively. The spore coloration index (SCI) of indigenous thin-walled palynomorphs confirms thermally mature sediments, generative of dry gas and wet gas/condensates. Reworking during the deposition of the upper Sidi Salim, Qawasim and Rosetta formations is inferred from the occurrence of Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts and pollen.

A Case of a Primary Giant Adrenal Gland Hydatid Cyst—An Exceptional Location: A Case Report

Background and clinical presentation: The adrenal hydatidosis is an exceptional site location for the occurrence of hydatid cyst with an incidence of being 0.073%. We hereby report this rare case of adrenal hydatid cyst in a 38-year-old male who presented with a history of right flank pain and no other associated complaints. On non-contrast computed tomography/high-resolution computed tomography, the whole abdomen revealed the finding of an adrenal hydatid cyst. He underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, which was further confirmed with the pathological examination. In an adjunct to this, he was put on anti-helminthic drug Albendazole. On one year of follow-up, there was no recurrence. Conclusion: The hydatid cyst rarely occurs in the adrenal glands and is an uncommon pathology. It should always be suspected in the case of any cystic tumour of the adrenal gland, especially in endemic countries. The clinical features are variable and non-specific in the majority of the cases. Ultrasonography and CT abdomen hold a significant sensitivity in the diagnosis of the hydatid cyst. Surgical excision is the main choice of treatment. Adjunctive medical treatment improves the outcome and decreases the recurrence rate.

SDS-protein and 18S rRNA gene, and phylogeny-based identification of hydatid cysts in human and animal samples

Hydatid disease is a significant and widespread infectious disease prevalent in many countries where there is inadequate control of the adult tapeworm; Echinococcus spp, in dogs, which are the definite hosts. The disease is caused by the presence of hydatid cysts in intermediate hosts, such as humans and some farm animals. In Iraq, infected dogs are highly likely to transmit the infection to humans and some farm animals. The study aimed to identify the presence of hydatid cysts in human and animal samples. The research involved collecting thirty hydatid cysts from human livers and ovaries, as well as from animal livers and lungs. The samples were subjected to SDS-based protein detection, PCR, and gene sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. The SDS-Coomassie-blue findings demonstrated a 100% (15/15) positive identification of the cystic protein of all specimens. The PCR results confirmed the identity of the parasite with 100% accuracy. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 10 PCR products from both human and animal samples revealed close nucleotide identity to global isolates previously deposited in GeneBank. These findings indicate a high occurrence of hydatid cysts in the examined humans and animals, which have evolved or exhibit close genetic similarity to global strains.

Retrospective analysis on the occurrence of kidney cysts in mice in a central animal facility in the years 2009-2019.

Kidney cysts in humans are mainly caused by inheritable polycystic kidney disease. Although they are a regular finding in laboratory mice, their occurrence upon dissection has not been systematically investigated, yet. Therefore, the aim of this report was to investigate on prevalence, phenotype and aetiology of spontaneously occurring kidney cysts in mice by retrospectively analysing the laboratory-receipt tables of the in-house laboratory of a central animal facility in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, years 2009-2019. A percentage of 0.4% of dissected mice displayed kidney cysts, with more male than female animals affected and average age equal to that of all dissected animals. Preliminary report in half of the cases was distended abdomen, and a few individuals displayed additional pathologic alterations of kidneys, most commonly dilated renal pelvis, or extrarenal comorbidities. Kidney cysts occurred independently of a renal phenotype of the transgenic strain or presence of infectious agents in health monitoring. To conclude, kidney cysts were characterized as harmless for affected mice but, as inheritability is suggested according with the literature, affected animals should be excluded from breeding.

Combination of pericardial celomic cyst and thymus cyst

The combination of the pericardial celomic cyst and the thymus cyst represent a rare group of diseases. Clinical diagnosis of the pericardial and thymus gland formations is complex, as the patient’s symptoms may be non-specific, associated with concomitant pathology. Although a diagnostic examination often begins with chest X-rays, it may not be informative and requires CT and MRI of the thorax to visualize the entire pericardium and thymus. Brief information on the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases is given; clinical statistics on the frequency of occurrence of thymus cysts and pericardial cysts in different age groups are used as an example. The results of observation and analysis of literary sources have established that thoracoscopic removal of the thymus cyst and tumors is a priority in terms of effective diagnosis and is justified as minimally invasive and efficient surgical treatment in this combination of pathologies.

Palynostratigraphy and Paleoenvironment of Afikpo Well_3, Afikpo Syncline, Nigeria

The Afikpo Syncline constitutes the western segment of the southern part of the Benue Trough. The syncline orients in the northeast-southwest direction and unconformably overlies the pre-Santonian strata of the Benue Trough. This study investigates the sediments of Afikpo Well_3, drilled within the syncline, identifies its different palynozones, and interprets their paleoenvironments of deposition. Forty-two ditch-cutting samples recovered from the well at a 150 ft interval consist of mudstones, calcareous mudstones, carbonaceous shales, and calcareous shales. These samples were subjected to palynological analysis following the conventional acid maceration technique. A total of 637 palynomorph counts were recovered. These comprise 316 pollen grains, which make up 49.61%; 129 spores, which make up 20.25%; 9 fungi spores, which make up 1.41%; 17 microforaminifera wall linings, which make up 2.67%; and 166 dinoflagellate cysts, which make up 26.06%. Two palynozones were identified within the well. These include zone AF-01 (Monocolpites marginatus assemblage zone), which ranges from depths of 1500–1320 ft and is Campanian in age; and zone AF-2 (Dinogymnium sp. assemblage zone), which extends from depths of 50 ft–1320 ft and dates back to the Maastrichtian period. Based on the predominance of palmae pollen, together with the subordinate occurrence of dinoflagellate cysts, and the fair representations of spores (Cyathidite minor), the environment of deposition of the sediments ranges from a nearshore brackish water to a shallow marine environment. The shallow environment is further confirmed by the frequent occurrence of microforaminifera wall lining and the dominance of the peridinoid dinoflagellate cysts over the gonyaulacinoids.

Ovarian cyst mimicking acute appendicitis in children: a case report

Pediatric acute appendicitis is common; however, it is different from torsion ovarian cysts. The estimated incidence of ovarian torsion in children is 5 per 100,000 girls. Herein, we report two cases of ovarian torsion mimicking pediatric acute appendicitis mimicking ovarian cyst. In the first case, a girl who was being assessed for acute appendicitis was identified to have torsion of the ovarian cyst during the surgery. In the second case, a girl experienced a ruptured ovarian cyst but then got severe appendicitis following the surgical procedure. The simultaneous occurrence of appendicitis and ovarian cysts is rare. These two patients' acute gastrointestinal complaints and symptoms exhibit similarities and may coincide. Both patients underwent salpingo-oopherectomy and appendectomy. Both patients were healthy on hospital discharge in a healthy condition. Female patients with severe abdominal pain and amenorrhea should be evaluated for ovarian torsion. Diagnosing the condition may be challenging due to non-specific clinical signs.

Bone cysts at the meniscal attachment are associated with a longer symptom duration among patients with arthroscopically treated medial meniscus posterior root tear.

To elucidate the features of bone cysts at attachment sites of medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs). Knees treated using arthroscopic surgery for MMPRT between 2015 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without a memory of onset (painful popping), prior knee surgeries, concomitant ligament or meniscus injuriesor fractures were excluded. Duration from onset to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and type of tear were evaluated during arthroscopy. On radiography, meniscus signs (cleft/ghost/giraffe neck), bone cysts at the attachment site of the MMPRTand posterior shiny-corner lesions (PSCLs; bone marrow lesions on the meniscal-covered portion of the posterior tibial plateau) were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the bone cysts were assessed by comparison with matched patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for medial meniscus posterior horn tear. In addition, subgroups (cyst-positive/cyst-negative) among patients with MMPRT were created to assess the features of bone cysts. A total of 275 patients with MMPRT and 275 matched patients with posterior horn tears were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of bone cysts for MMPRT in this study were 22.2% and 98.6%, respectively. Among the 275 knees with MMPRT, compared with the cyst-negative group, the cyst-positive group had a longer duration from onset to MRI (12.9 ± 13.1 vs. 8.3 ± 10.9 weeks, respectively, p = 0.025) and reduced occurrence of PSCLs (18.0% vs. 42.0%, respectively, p = 0.031). The occurrence of bone cysts at the attachment site was helpful for the accurate diagnosis of MMPRT and related to longer duration from onset to MRI and reduced PSCLs. Level III, cross-sectional study.

Spatial distribution models and biodiversity of phytoplankton cysts in the Black Sea

The current study employed diverse statistical and machine learning techniques to investigate the biodiversity and spatial distribution of phytoplankton cysts in the Black Sea. The MaxEnt distribution modeling technique was used to forecast the habitat suitability for the cysts of three potentially toxic microalgal taxa (Lingulodinium polyedra, Polykrikos hartmannii, and Alexandrium spp.). The key variables controlling the habitat suitability of Alexandrium spp. and L. polyedra were nitrates and temperature, while for the P. hartmannii cysts, nitrates and salinity. The region with the highest likelihood of L. polyedra cyst occurrence appears to be in the western coastal and shelf waters, which coincides with the areas where L. polyedra red tides have been documented. The projected habitat suitability of the examined species partially overlapped, perhaps as a result of their cohabitation within the phytoplankton community and shared preferences for specific environmental conditions, demonstrating similar survival strategies. The north-western region of the Black Sea was found to be the most suitable environment for the studied potentially toxic species, presumably posing a greater risk for the onset of blooming events. Two distinct aspects of cysts’ ecology and settlement were observed: the dispersal of cysts concerns their movement within the water column from one place to another prior to settling, while habitat suitability pertains to the particular environment required for their survival, growth, and germination. Therefore, it is crucial to validate the model in order to accurately determine a suitable habitat as well as understand the transportation patterns linked to the particular hydrodynamic properties of the water column and the distinct features of the local environment.

Classification of the relationship between suprasellar arachnoid cyst and hydrocephalus based on treatment modalities: shunting versus neuroendoscopic approaches.

Children diagnosed with suprasellar arachnoid cysts often concurrently have hydrocephalus. This study aims to classify the relationship between suprasellar arachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus, discussing surgical strategies-shunting or neuroendoscopic approaches-and their sequence, based on this classification. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 patients diagnosed with suprasellar arachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus, treated surgically by the first author between January 2016 and December 2020. Clinical features, radiological findings, surgical strategies, and outcomes were reviewed. The classification of the relationship between the suprasellar arachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus was developed and illustrated with specific cases. Recommendations for future surgical management based on this classification are provided. We classified the relationship between suprasellar arachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus into three categories. SACH-R1, the direct type, represents cases where the cysts cause obstructive hydrocephalus. Here, neuroendoscopic ventriculocystocisternostomy (VCC) effectively treats both conditions. SACH-R2, the juxtaposed type, involves concurrent occurrences of cysts and hydrocephalus without a causative link. This is further subdivided into SACH-R2a, where acute progressive communicating hydrocephalus coexists with the cyst, initially managed with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, followed by VCC upon stabilization of hydrocephalus; and SACH-R2b, where the cyst coexists with chronic stable communicating hydrocephalus, first addressed with VCC, followed by monitoring and potential secondary shunting if needed. Key factors differentiating SACH-R2a from SACH-R2b include the patient's age, imaging signs of fourth ventricle and cisterna magna enlargement, and the rapid progression or chronic stability and severity of hydrocephalus symptoms. SACH-R3, the reverse type, describes scenarios where shunting for hydrocephalus leads to the development or enlargement of the cyst, managed via neuroendoscopic VCC with precautions to prevent infections in existing shunt systems. The simultaneous presence of suprasellar arachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus requires a nuanced understanding of their complex relationship for optimal surgical intervention. The analysis and classification of their relationship are crucial for determining appropriate surgical approaches, including the choice and sequence of shunting and neuroendoscopic techniques. Treatment should be tailored to the specific type identified, rather than blindly opting for neuroendoscopy. Particularly for SACH-R2a cases, we recommend initial ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

Source rock assessment and organic matter characterization of the Oligocene upper Shahejie and Dongying formations in the Nanpu depression of the saline lacustrine Bohai Bay basin, China: Geochemical, palynological, and mineralogical perspectives

The Bohai Bay Basin, located in eastern China, is a significant petroliferous, non-marine rift basin, underwent intricate tectonic activities throughout the Cenozoic. The Nanpu Depression in the Huanghua sub-basin in the northern part of the basin was controlled by Paleogene rifting and increased subsidence. These geological processes resulted in the deposition of the Shahejie and Dongying formations, which exhibited varying quantities and qualities of organic matter. Eighty drill cuttings samples of the Paleogene First Member (Es1) and the overlying Third (Ed3) and Second (Ed2) members of the Shahejie and Dongying formations, respectively, were investigated. An integrated approach including organic and inorganic geochemistry, palynology, and mineralogy was employed to assess the paleoredox and marine incursion conditions, source rock quality and levels of thermal maturity, and factors that governed organic matter accumulation. Results indicated that the Es1 Member was deposited under anoxic conditions, resulting in the accumulation of organic matter-rich mudstones in the Nanpu Depression. Abundant pollen grains and acritarchs were found in the Es1 Member yielded along with minor occurrences of dinoflagellate cysts, freshwater algae, and spores. Terrestrial palynomorph composition provided evidence of increased terrestrial runoff, while the high abundance of acritarchs, accompanied by some dinoflagellate cysts, confirmed episodes of marine incursion and deposition under hypersaline conditions in the lacustrine Bohai Bay Basin. The Ed2 Member exhibited poor to fair amounts of organic matter and a limited potential of hydrocarbon generation with a variety of kerogen Types, including IV, III, II/III, and II. The Ed3 Member shows fair to good organic matter richness and hydrocarbon potential of kerogen Types III, II/III, and II. The Es1 Member emerged as the most promising source rock within the studied interval, boasting good to excellent organic matter richness, and fair to good hydrocarbon generation potential of kerogen Types III and II/III. Evaluating the thermal maturity of organic matter, based on Tmax and VRo-Eq% and related cross-plots, revealed that the Shahejie and Dongying formations are still in the immature to the early stage of the oil window. The mineralogical composition of the Es1 Member primarily consists of clay and quartz with some carbonate and accessory minerals, such as epigenetic halite, dolomite, and plagioclase. Weak correlations observed between the total organic carbon (TOC) and mineral components indicated that the availability of organic matter was primarily controlled by enhanced production and preservation rather than limited dilution under saline lacustrine, oxygen-deprived, and well-stratified water column conditions. Regional investigations of the Es1 Member confirmed the widespread anoxia and deposition of organic-rich source rocks in the Bohai Bay Basin during the Oligocene.

Investigating Characteristics of Hydatid Cyst Patients Referred to Health Centers in Kerman City, Iran

Objectives: Hydatid cysts are one of the most critical parasitic infections common to humans and animals and affect the health of communities. This study investigates the frequency distribution of hydatid cysts based on clinical and individual characteristics of patients referred to health centers in Kerman City, Iran, from 2011 to 2020. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, information was obtained from the medical records of 115 patients with hydatid cysts who were referred to hospitals and health centers during the years 2011-2020. Public and private clinics in Kerman City, Iran, were selected, and information on demography, and clinical and diagnostic approaches of patients were collected. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 22. Results: A total of 115 with a mean age of 20.31±0.89 years were included in the study. The highest number of patients was identified in 2013. More than half of the patients (53%) were female and the rest were male (47%). The age group of 20 to 40 years showed the highest rate of involvement (45.2%) while the age group of 60 to 80 years showed the lowest rate of involvement (1.3%). The majority of patients (76.5%) lived in the city and more than a quarter of patients had a history of contact with dogs (26.1%). Nausea (91.3%), chest pain and cough (46.1%), abdominal pain, and an enlarged liver (29.6%), were the most common clinical symptoms, and lungs (56.5%) and liver (31.3%) were the most involved organs in individuals. The disease was diagnosed by radiology and surgery in less than half of the patients (46.9%). Most patients (80%) received surgical and drug treatment together and the duration of treatment in less than half of them (45.2%) was two months. Discussion: The occurrence of hydatid cysts in Kerman City, Iran, especially in young people, is significant and the mean age of patients in Kerman City, similar to studies in some parts of the country, is very low, emphasizing the crucialness of being attentive to the disease and highlights the need for further research. Also, educating and informing families about the disease and its means of transmission along with controlling stray dogs can be beneficial in breaking the transmission chain.

LncRNA S100PBP promotes proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of granulosa cells by sponging MiR-2285bc-BMPR2 in bovine†.

In bovine follicular development, the proliferation of bovine granulosa cells affects follicular selection, atresia, and cystic follicle formation. When cystic follicles appear on the ovaries, granulosa cells stop proliferating, resulting in the reduction of granulosa cells layer. In our previous study, the whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) was differentially expressed between cystic and normal follicular granulosa cells. We speculated that long noncoding RNA may act as competing endogenous RNA targeting microRNAs and then regulating the expression of BMPR2 and the function of granulosa cells, thereby affecting follicular development and cyst formation. In this study, the results elucidated that long noncoding RNA S100PBP (NONBTAT011846.2) directly bound miR-2285bc, which targeted in the BMPR2 3'-UTR. miR-2285bc suppresses granulosa cells proliferation by downregulating BMPR2 expression. Furthermore, long noncoding RNA S100PBP was silenced by small interfering RNA, and long noncoding RNA S100PBP regulated BMPR2 expression by sponging miR-2285bc investigated through cross-verification. When small interfering RNA of long noncoding RNA S100PBP was transfected into granulosa cells, the results revealed similar molecular changes as those transfected with miR-2285bc mimics. Silencing long noncoding RNA S100PBP or overexpressing miR-2285bc altered the expressions of some follicular development-related genes, which could be related to follicular cyst occurrence. In conclusion, our findings support that long noncoding RNA S100PBP regulates the expression of BMPR2 through sponge miR-2285bc, promotes the proliferation of granulosa cells, inhibits their apoptosis, and increases the synthesis and secretion of follicular steroid hormones, thus promoting the development of bovine follicles.

Exploring the role of autoantibodies in Iraqi females with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinopathy that affects 5-10% of women during their reproductive years. Clinicians characterize it by the occurrence of ovarian cysts, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and either clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism. Recent research suggests a potential link between autoantibodies and PCOS development. Aim of study: This study investigated the relationship between autoantibodies and Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and methods: The study involved a total of 150 female participants diagnosed with PCOS, aged between 20 to 35, and a control group of 150 individuals. We utilized chemiluminescent immunoassays to measure Anti-thyroid antibodies thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). We conducted IgM and IgG for anti-cardiolipin (ACL) and β-2 glycoprotein I (B2GPI) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To measure lupus (La), we employed coagulation time. To assess the serum levels of total antibodies Ig (M, G, A), Serum amyloid A (SAA), High-Sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Procalcitonin (PCT), we used nephelometry methods. Results: In our findings, patients showed a significantly higher level of TPO autoantibodies (91.9±14.7) compared to the control group (12.4±5.1). This difference was highly significant (<0.001). Similarly, we observed high levels of anti-TG antibodies in patients (50.4±10.3) compared to the control group (30.6±7.2). This points out the important role of both TPO and TG antibodies in this context. Moreover, the level of IgM for ACL was significantly higher in patients (19.2±4.2 AU/dl) than in controls (3.3±1.0 AU/dl). The level of IgG for ACL was also higher in patients (22.5±2.3 AU/dl) compared to controls (3.3±1.0 AU/dl). These increases in ACL antibodies in patients suggested a risk factor for the disease. Additionally, Serum amyloid A (SAA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were significantly higher in patients, with measurements of 66±10.4 (AU/ml) and 55±12.5 (AU/ml) respectively, compared to controls who had measurements of 3.6±1.9 (AU/ml) and 2.3±0.98 (AU/ml) respectively, which was highly significant (<0.001). Procalcitonin (PCT) was also highly significant in patients (40±6.3 AU/ml) compared to the control group (6.4±2.6 AU/ml). Lastly, the concentration of total IgG antibodies was significantly higher in patients (25.3±2.6 AU/dl) than in controls (4.3±1.0 AU/dl), with a significant difference (P=0.006). Conclusion: High concentrations of autoantibodies in patients suggest a risk factor and positive associations with the disease.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОСТНОЙ БИОДИНАМИКИ У ДЕТЕЙ С КОСТНЫМИ КИСТАМИ

Background. Taking into account the peculiarities of bone biodynamics, and the fact that in the period from 5 to 16 years bone mineral density increases by 3 times, which coincides with the age period for the detection of bone cysts in children, the study of bone mineral density indicators, the level of vitamin D, which mainly regulates bone formation, in patients with bone cysts is relevant today. The purpose of the study. To study the indicators of bone mineral density and total vitamin D in children with bone cysts, to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of bone cysts and osteogenesis disorders. Material and methods. The indicators of the condition of bone tissue in children diagnosed with a bone cyst were studied: bone mineral density and vitamin D levels in the blood were determined in 25 children. In total 83 patients with other orthopedic and traumatological pathology were examined as comparison groups: in 42 patients the index of bone mineral density was determined, in 41 patients the amount of vitamin D was assessed. Bone mineral density was determined by double X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. The method for determining total vitamin D is based on a solid-phase sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay. Results. In the examined patients diagnosed with a bone cyst, 36% had their bone mineral density index within the age norm, 36% had osteopenia and 28% of children had osteoporosis. In the comparison group, 21.5% of children showed changes in bone mineral density, 78.5% had bone mineral density within the age norm. When studying the level of total vitamin D in the blood serum of patients with bone cysts, the following results were obtained: in 24% of patients, the level of vitamin D was within the age norm, in 72% vitamin D insufficiency and in 4% - vitamin D deficiency were detected. The study of the level of total vitamin D in the blood serum of patients in the control group showed the following results: 68% of patients had vitamin D levels within the age norm, 29% had insufficiency and 3% had deficiency of vitamin D. Conclusions. The analysis of the results of densitometry and the level of total vitamin D in the blood of patients with bone cysts showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in their bone mineral density and total vitamin D compared to children from the comparison group. Thus, children with bone cysts have a higher risk of a decrease in bone mineral density and the level of total vitamin D in the blood; therefore, in addition to appropriate surgery, it is also necessary to determine the level of bone mineral density and total vitamin D for the purpose of their correction.

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in public water supplies in Vitória, ES, Brazil

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in public water supplies in Vitória, ES, Brazil

Record of Early Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts from well JM-A, Dhansiri Valley of Upper Assam Shelf, India

A palynological study on subsurface Early Cretaceous sediments (1550–1860 m) in well JM-A located in Dhansiri Valley, Upper Assam Shelf has been carried out for determination of age and depositional environment. The palynological investigations resulted into the identification of the characteristic and diversified occurrence of Early Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts comprising Batioladinium micropodum, Achomosphaera? neptuni, Batiacasphaera asperata, Lagenorhytis sp. cf. L. delicatula, Mendicodinium caperatum and Canningia sp. along with associated dinoflagellate cysts. The significant assemblage of spore-pollen assemblage represented by Cicatricosisporites australiensis, Ceratosporites equalis, Gleicheniidites circinidites, Contignisporites cooksonii, Microcachryidites antarcticus, Podosporites tripakshii and Callialasporites trilobatus has also been recorded. The Early Cretaceous sediments are regarded as Bamangaon Formation in Dhansiri Valley. The occurrence of dinoflagellate cysts suggests marginal marine environment for Bamangaon Formation deposited during the Early Cretaceous period corresponding to the Rift Phase. The Formation overlies the Metamorphic Basement Complex, and it is unconformably overlain by the sediments of Tura Formation of Ypresian (Early Eocene) age, deposited under subtidal to inner shelf environment during the Passive Margin Tectonic Phase.

Novel Pathogenic Variant of Fabry Disease in a Family with Parapelvic Cysts

Background: Fabry's Disease (FD) is a rare, multi-organ lysosomal disease, caused by the deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A. This leads to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, particularly globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3), in visceral tissues and vascular endothelium throughout the body, with renal, cardiac, and central nervous system damage such that quality and expectancy of life are impaired. Progressive accumulation of Gb3 in podocytes, epithelial cells and the tubular cells of the distal tubule and loop of Henle contribute to the renal symptoms of Fabry disease, which manifest as proteinuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate leading to chronic kidney disease and progression to end-stage renal disease. We report the case of a patient with hypertension and proteinuria whose diagnosis of Fabry's disease was suspected due to the ultrasound finding of parapelvic cysts. Case presentation: A 41-year-old man with proteinuria and hypertension presented to our outpatient Department. The patient underwent a genetic investigation for Fabry due to the ultrasound finding of parapelvic cysts. We found a novel mutation c.160del in exon 1 of GLA gene with aminoacidic change in p. (Asp55ThrfsTer66). The new mutation was also found in the mother and his brother. In males, the elevated accumulation of LysoGB3 was associated with the presence of renal parapelvic cysts. Conclusion: This mutation is not reported in Fabry disease-associated mutation databases and has not been previously described in the literature but, the absent enzyme activity found in our patient, the significant blood accumulation of LysoGb3, as well as the type of mutation suggest its pathogenetic role. In addition, the novel mutation would appear to correlate with the occurrence of pelvic cysts in male subjects. Therefore Fabry’s disease should be suspected in male patients with hypertension, proteinuria and ultrasonographic finding of parapelvic cysts, especially in patients with otherwise unexplained cardiac, neurologic and/or ocular abnormalities. Further studies are needed to corroborate the finding.