Occurrence Of Environmental Changes Research Articles

A decision variable classification strategy based on the degree of environmental change for dynamic multiobjective optimization

Dynamic multiobjective optimization problems (DMOPs) are constantly changing over time, which requires algorithms to keep track of the location of the Pareto optimal front (POF) at different moments in time. In this work, a decision variable classification strategy based on the degree of environmental change (DVCEC) is proposed. To accurately capture the occurrence of environmental changes, DVCEC designs an adaptive change detection method based on multiple regions. Since environmental changes affect each decision variable to different degrees, DVCEC classifies decision variables into several types and applies an appropriate prediction method to each type. In addition, an adjustment strategy is developed to minimize the impact of inaccurate predictions. The proposed DVCEC is evaluated on 22 benchmark problems and compared with four algorithms. Statistical results show that DVCEC can quickly approach POF and uniformly distribute it in most problems.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Architecture to Identify Traditional Javanese Buildings

Traditional buildings have a cultural philosophy and characterize the culture of an area. The occurrence of environmental changes, population growth, and the growth of modern buildings impact traditional buildings. Therefore, preserving those traditional buildings is needed to avoid extinction and make as cultural assets. The research aims to develop an application to help architects quantitatively measure the content of traditional architectural styles in their designs. This study uses the Artificial Intelligence (AI) method to identify buildings' similarities, acquiring traditional building data in roofs and ornaments images as a dataset totaling 650 images of roofs and 7,180 ornaments. Data processing was carried out by making architectural models, training, testing accuracy, and creating application interfaces. The algorithm used to identify similarities between building types was the Convolutional Naural Network (CNN) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results of the accuracy-test using the Confusion matrix method reached an accuracy value of 99.5% in identifying building similarities and 85% in classifying building types.

Piacenzian Environmental Change and the Onset of Cool and Dry Conditions in Tropical South America

AbstractThe Piacenzian (3.60–2.58 Ma) covers the last stage of the Neogene just before the Earth's climate turned from relatively stable warm conditions to the cooler climate with high amplitude glacial‐interglacial oscillations of the Pleistocene. Even during this period early fluctuations towards cooler conditions occurred, and sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions show stepwise increasing gradients. The zonal Pacific SST gradient which indicates the strength of the Walker circulation appears to have increased in two steps starting in the Piacenzian. We investigated vegetation and climate change in western equatorial South America under the influence of the Walker circulation and to detect signs for the onset of cooling in the tropics. We studied vegetation changes in western Ecuador using palynological analysis of 88 sediment samples from marine Ocean Drilling Program Site 1239 dated between 3.9 and 2.7 Ma. A general trend towards more open vegetation is observed. The climate changes towards cooler conditions, which is manifested by a lowering of the forest line from 3.3 Ma on. The increase of Amaranthaceae pollen after 3.1 Ma suggests drier conditions along the coast. A comparison with mid‐Piacenzian warm period (mPWP) modeling shows that data and models agree regarding a drier coastal climate during the mPWP. The isochronous occurrence of environmental changes in the presented record, that is, cooling and coastal drying, with the first major pulse of ice‐rafted debris and cooling temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere (between 3.28 and 3.31 Ma) suggests that these changes might have been a precursor of the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation.

LEAN MANUFACTURING IMPLEMENTATION FOR NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS: CASE STUDY ON THE INDUSTRY OF WIRE STEEL AND DERIVATIVES

Manufacturing organizations faces many changes along with the occurrence of environmental changes, it comes from internal and external sources. Innovation become one of the keywords to help the organizations be more competitive, such as doing product development. First, digging through from the survey, the customer’s needs as the initial planning phase, concept development, system level design, detail design, test and reparation details among the beginning of production. During the product development process, the Organization has not identified the potential waste in detail yet at each stage of product development. Moreover, the repair process becomes less effective. By using this concept, it will help in potential waste identify. The results showed that the stage of concept development had the highest frequency, for instance the common of lacking information related to the customers need products information which will be developed. Then, frequency is happened on the stage of the testing, and refinement, detail design, system level design and planning. Through the concept of lean VSM can be known by using a value of VA 53%, NVA 29% and 18% Waste, time to market can be shortened 18% or 47 days from early 262 days be 215 days.

Adaptation of Coastal Fishermen to Changes of Coastal Environment Case Study : Sungai Samak Village, Badau District, Belitung Regency

The occurrence of environmental changes on the coast of the Sungai Samak River Village gives influence to the life of coastal fishermen. This study aims to determine the adaptation of coastal fishermen in the face of coastal environment changes. This research uses mix method sequential exploratory to explore adaptation doing by coastal fishermen. In the qualitative phase, the data obtained by doing observation, interview and tracing documents / internet to then be analysed using interactive model analysis techniques. Analysis results on qualitative phase are then used as a reference for conducting a survey using questionnaires on quantitative phase which are then analysed using descriptive statistical techniques. The results showed that adaptation by coastal fishermen in Sungai Samak village was divided into 3 (three) aspects i.e. fishing techniques (use of technology (boat motorization) and moving / extending fishing ground), social aspect (established of social network, mobilization the role of family members and changes of fishermen status), and economic aspects (patron-client, job diversification, diversification of fishing gear, intensification of fishing gear and management of fishing capital). And through such adaptation, basically coastal fishermen can still fulfil their daily needs (subsistence), the confidence of the coastal fishermen to the existence of fishery resources in the ocean that will still exist even if they continue to be exploited making them no longer selective in fishing the change (decrease) of fishery resources has occurred significantly compared to 15 years ago, besides that as long as the waters in the Samak River Village are still open access make low trust of coastal fisherman to the success of protection and management of environment and coastal resources.

Human-induced changes in sedimentary facies and depositional environments, Sarum area, Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia

This paper aims to study the environmental impact of the human inference on the coastal zone of Sarum area, Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia. In the past, the study area was occupied by coastal lagoons that were connected with the sea with several inlets. Change detection technique based on multi-date satellite images in the last 44 years indicated the occurrence of environmental changes accompanied the construction of the main asphaltic road of the Red Sea that separated some coastal lagoons at the studied area from the Red Sea. Field investigation and litho- and bio-facies distribution indicated the existence of six lateral facies types: gypsum, microbial mats, halite, Quaternary coral reef terrace, bioclasts, and siliciclastic sand sheets. The lateral distribution of these facies is related to the following changes: (1) disconnection between the coastal lagoons and the sea, (2) extensive contraction of the coastal lagoons and formation of saline ponds, (3) exposure of the submerged Quaternary coral reef terrace, (4) increasing of the salinity of the ponds up to 270‰, and (5) deposition of the evaporitic facies types (gypsum and halite) over intertidal and subtidal marine carbonates. Based on the above-mentioned criteria, the human activity leads to environmental changes in the Sarum area from coastal lagoons dominated with carbonate deposits into hypersaline ponds dominated with evaporitic deposits.

Paleoenvironment and Paleoecology Based on Recent Benthic Foraminifera in Cikadal Beach, Ciletuh Geopark, West Java, Indonesia

Three recent sediment cores (P2S2, P1S1, and P3S1) about 38.5 cm – 47.5 cm length collected from mangrove and coastal area in Cikadal Beach, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Cikadal Beach is in the same area of Ciletuh Geopark, commonly be the main geological object study in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine paleoenvironment and paleoecology based on recent benthic foraminifers. The methodology is using cluster analysis; the results are two dendrograms that explain sample association and species association. Sample association divided into 5 biofacies, which are the depositional environment of Biofacies A Transitional – Middle Shelf, Biofacies B Transitional – Middle Shelf, Biofacies C Transitional – Middle Shelf, Biofacies D Transitional – Inner Shelf, and Biofacies E Transitional – Middle Shelf. Whereas, species association divided into 2 dominant species, which are Ammonia spp and Operculina ammonoides from 17 determined recent benthic foraminifers. From this result, the conclusions are the occurrence of environmental changes during the deposition process takes place based on the results of the correlation of the three cores. Based on low index diversity of research area, the existence of ecological changes simultaneously with environmental changes.

"The role of managers’ education inpromoting social responsibility level in Saipa Diesel Company in Iran"

Generally, the organizations establishing primary approach was aimed to earn profit for their shareholders. This approach gradually is faced with many challenges with the passage of time and the occurrence of environmental changes. Moreover, the needs and desires of humans today has changed because of the changes which has occurred in the environment around the organizations, and gradually, considering the different concepts such as environment and conserving natural resources for future generations, the development of social welfare, attention to social responsibility and such issues has become a concern to community and organizations. Today, organizations cannot no longer be indifferent towards social responsibilities alike the past, and perhaps dare to say that in the not too distant future, the basis for selecting an organization to receive goods or services from a customer perspective, will be the level of respect to organizational commitment to observe social responsibilities. Also this issue is one of the important issues in recent years that has been investigated by the researchers. In this context, the main aim of this study is to investigate the role of managers’ education in promoting social responsibility level in Saipa Diesel Company, which is done in descriptive-survey method. Statistical population of Saipa Diesel includes managers and employees numbering 998 people, of whom 280 people were selected as sample according to the Kokaran formula. Sampling method of the study is the simple random one. The scholar’s questionnaire was used to collect the data containing 27 questions. Its validity has been confirmed by several experts and its reliability has been confirmed using Cronbach's alpha for the 25 persons pretested 0.91. The collected data of the statistical tests (t-dependent) were analyzed. The results showed that managers’ education is effective on promoting the level of social responsibility in Saipa Diesel Company. Also the other assumptions showed that managers’ education has been influential to formulate the system of social responsibility, awareness of managers about promoting social responsibility and growing social responsibility in organization level, and only the effect of education for justifying the managers towards improving the social responsibility was not confirmed.

Nucleosome fragility reveals novel functional states of chromatin and poises genes for activation

The structural complexity of nucleosomes underlies their functional versatility. Here we report a new type of complexity-nucleosome fragility, manifested as high sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease, in contrast to the common presumption that nucleosomes are similar in resistance to MNase digestion. Using differential MNase digestion of chromatin and high-throughput sequencing, we have identified a special group of nucleosomes termed "fragile nucleosomes" throughout the yeast genome, nearly 1000 of which were at previously determined "nucleosome-free" loci. Nucleosome fragility is broadly implicated in multiple chromatin processes, including transcription, translocation, and replication, in correspondence to specific physiological states of cells. In the environmental-stress-response genes, the presence of fragile nucleosomes prior to the occurrence of environmental changes suggests that nucleosome fragility poises genes for swift up-regulation in response to the environmental changes. We propose that nucleosome fragility underscores distinct functional statuses of the chromatin and provides a new dimension for portraying the landscape of genome organization.

Human activity and the environment during the Late Iron Age and Middle Ages at the Impiltis archaeological site, NW Lithuania

Research carried out at the Impiltis hill fort and settlement area in NW Lithuania indicates the occurrence of environmental changes caused by climatic alterations and human impact during the Late Iron Age and the Middle Ages. Both the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data confirm that intensive human activity began in the area shortly before 900 AD, generally coinciding with the onset of the “Medieval Warm Period”. The first appearance of rye ( Secale cereale) and flax ( Linum usitatissimum) pollen grains is the earliest in the region, which indicates the development of permanent agriculture using some field rotation system. Increasing pressure on the environment is seen in the reconstruction of the hill fort, the development of an agricultural system, and the introduction of new cultivated plants. According to the palaeoenvironmental data, farming persisted as the main activity of the Impiltis population during the period of prosperity dated back to about 1050–1260 AD. Afterwards, Impiltis existed as a typical agrarian settlement which may have been positively influenced by the mild climatic conditions of the “Medieval Warm Period”. A clearly marked regression of human activity coincides with the destruction of the Impiltis castle and settlement during the German Order conquest in 1263 AD. The subsequent resurgence of human activity in the area was influenced by the ensuing climatic deterioration known as the “Little Ice Age”.

Mathematical classification of regulatory logics for compound environmental changes

This paper is concerned with biological regulatory mechanisms in response to the simultaneous occurrence of a huge number of environmental changes. The restricted resources of cells strictly limit the number of their regulatory methods; hence, cells must adopt, as compensation, special mechanisms to deal with the simultaneous occurrence of environmental changes. We hypothesize that cells use various control logics to integrate information about independent environmental changes related to a cell task and represent the resulting effects of the different ways of integration by logical functions. Using the notion of equivalence classes in set theory, we describe the mathematical classification of the effects into biologically unequivalent ones realized by different control logics. Our purely mathematical and systematic classification of logical functions reveals three elementary control logics with different biological relevance. To better understand their biological significance, we consider examples of biological systems that use these elementary control logics.

Preparation and Studies of 19F-Labeled and Enriched 13C-Labeled Semisynthetic Ribonuclease-s' Analogues

Abstract Isotopically normal and both 19F- and enriched 13C-containing analogue forms of semisynthetic ribonuclease-S' (SRNase-S') have been prepared. This noncovalent complex contains the polypeptide fragments synthetic-(1–15) (the solid phase synthesized peptide corresponding to residues 1 through 15 of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase-A)) and RNase-S-(21–124) (the native fragment of RNase A containing residues 21 through 124). The normal SRNase-S' complex, obtained after mixing crude synthetic-(1–15) with the corresponding native fragment and subsequently fractionating on Sulfoethyl-Sephadex, was equally as active as native ribonuclease-S' (RNase-S') (which contains the NH2-terminal eicosapeptide fragment of RNase A instead of the pentadecapeptide). The analogues, containing either carbon 13-enriched phenylalanine or p-fluorophenylalanine (fluorine as naturally occurring 19F) at position 8 (the [Phe8-13C] and [pFPhe8] analogues, respectively), were purified by similar procedures to a state about equally as active enzymically as the normal complex. The normal and analogue complexes, as well as the component synthetic-(1–15) peptides and native RNase-S', were characterized, where appropriate, by either 13C or 19F proton noise-decoupled Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. There are several significant changes in the 13C NMR chemical shift values of the enriched carbon atoms between [Phe8-13C] synthetic-(1–15) and [Phe8-13C]SRNase-S', indicating the occurrence of changes in environment at specific phenylalanine 8 loci when SRNase-S' complex is formed from isolated fragments. Chemical shift changes for some of the enriched carbon atoms are also observed when 2'-cytidine monophosphate (2'-CMP) is added to [Phe8-13C]SRNase-S'. Additionally, the spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) for some of the en riched ring carbons have been monitored and found to decrease progressively in going through the transition of (1–15) peptide to SRNase-S' complex to complex plus 2'-CMP. The above changes in chemical shift and T1 values have been interpreted in terms of (a) formation of the phenylalanine 8-containing NH2-terminal α-helix, and concomitant introduction of the phenylalanine 8 side chain into a nonpolar, sterically rigid environment, which occur when SRNase-S' folds, and (b) localized structural changes around the phenylalanine side chain when 2'-CMP binds to the folded complex. The transitions of (1–15) peptide to SRNase-S' complex and of this complex upon addition of 2'-CMP were also observed by 19F NMR using [pFPhe8]synthetic-(1–15) and [pFPhe8]SRNase-S'.