Occurrence Of Adenovirus Research Articles

Occurrence of Adenovirus in Fecal Samples of Wild Felids (Panthera onca and Leopardus pardalis) from Brazil: Predators as Dispersing Agents?

Occurrence of Adenovirus in Fecal Samples of Wild Felids (Panthera onca and Leopardus pardalis) from Brazil: Predators as Dispersing Agents?

Occurrence of Human Enteric Adenoviruses in Fresh Tropical Seafood from Retail Markets and Landing Centers.

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the foodborne enteric pathogens transmitted by the consumption of contaminated shellfish. In this study, the occurrence of enteric adenoviruses in finfish and shellfish was investigated by virus concentration and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Total plate count, total coliform, and fecal coliform levels were determined and correlated with the presence of adenovirus. Samples of fish, bivalve mollusks, crustaceans, and cephalopods were collected from supermarkets, landing centers, and retail fish markets of Mumbai, India for the study. Overall, the adenovirus DNA was detected in 21.27% of all the samples analyzed. The highest incidence was detected in clams (14.89%), followed by oysters, shrimps, and finfish (2.13% each). High prevalence of enteric adenovirus in filter-feeding bivalves, such as clams and oysters, as well as in fish suggests persistent fecal contamination of coastal waters in the region of study. The occurrence of adenoviruses in samples showed a positive correlation with the bacteriological indicators of fecal contamination, suggesting that fecal indicator bacteria may be used to monitor the presence of adenoviruses in seafood. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research demonstrates the occurrence of human adenoviruse (HAdV) in fresh seafood and the utility of fecal coliforms as indicators of HAdV presence in seafood. The study emphasizes the need to identify HAdV in seafood as a human health hazard and implement measures to prevent sewage pollution of fish and shellfish harvesting areas in India.

Presence of Adenovirus Species C in Infiltrating Lymphocytes of Human Sarcoma

Human adenoviruses are known to persist in T-lymphocytes of tonsils, adenoids and intestinal tract. The oncogenic potential of different adenovirus types has been widely studied in rodents, in which adenovirus inoculation can induce multiple tumors such as undifferentiated sarcomas, adenocarcinomas and neuroectodermal tumors. However, the oncogenic potential of this virus has never been proven in human subjects. Using a highly sensitive broad-spectrum qRT-PCR, we have screened a set of different human sarcomas including leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and gastro intestinal stroma tumors. Primers binding the viral oncogene E1A and the capsid-coding gene Hexon were used to detect the presence of adenovirus DNA in tumor samples. We found that 18% of the tested leiomyosarcomas and 35% of the liposarcomas were positive for the presence of adenovirus DNA, being species C types the most frequently detected adenoviruses. However, only in one sample of the gastro intestinal stroma tumors the virus DNA could be detected. The occurrence of adenovirus in the tumor sections was confirmed by subsequent fluorescence in-situ-hybridization analysis and co-staining with the transcription factor Bcl11b gives evidence for the presence of the virus in infiltrating T-lymphocytes within the tumors. Together these data underline, for the first time, the persistence of adenovirus in T-lymphocytes infiltrated in muscular and fatty tissue tumor samples. If an impaired immune system leads to the viral persistence and reactivation of the virus is involved in additional diseases needs further investigation.

Occurrence of adenovirus and other enteric viruses in limited-contact freshwater recreational areas and bathing waters

The goal of this study was to characterize enteric virus concentrations and their infectivity in a variety of limited-contact recreation and bathing waters, including Great Lakes beaches, inland lakes, rivers, and an effluent-dominated urban waterway. Additionally, we evaluated associations between point sources of human faecal pollution and enterovirus and adenovirus presence and concentrations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and two cell culture lines were used to identify and quantify viruses in water samples. The presence of human adenoviruses F was strongly associated with effluent-dominated waters (odds ratio 6·1, confidence interval 2·3, 15·7), as was adenovirus concentration; though, neither enterovirus presence nor concentration was associated with an effluent source. Samples with high concentrations of qPCR targets all tested positive by cell culture on both cell lines, although qPCR target concentrations were not correlated with culture values. Adenovirus was strongly associated with point sources of human faecal pollution while enterovirus was not, indicating that adenovirus measured by qPCR is a better target than enterovirus for identifying wastewater discharges in recreational freshwaters. The development of monitoring for enteric human viral pathogens at recreational waters should include adenovirus testing. Further research is needed to interpret the results of qPCR testing in relationship to the presence of infectious viruses using cell culture.

Correlation Analysis of the Seasonality of Adenovirus Gene Detection and Water Quality Parameters Based on Yearly Monitoring

The goal of this study was to monitor the presence of adenovirus in rivers and lakes used for recreation and as a source for the public water supply in the city of Goiânia, Brazil, in addition to carrying out a correlation analysis of the seasonality of adenovirus gene detection and water quality parameters based on yearly monitoring. We collected 54 water samples from two lakes and two rivers. The samples were concentrated by using a positively-charged membrane, and DNA was extracted by a phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method, followed by PCR. Adenovirus was detected in 44.4% (24 of 54) of the samples collected. Physicochemical and bacteriological tests were carried out according to water quality monitoring standard procedures. Significant differences over the study period were observed for the presence of adenovirus in water and the values for nitrites, phosphates and fixed and total solids. The occurrence of adenovirus showed a seasonal trend, and significant differences with bacteriological tests were not observed. This is the first study to monitor adenovirus in water sources in the Midwestern Region of Brazil. The results may be useful to generate an eco-epidemiological profile of adenoviruses or even to identify the transmission routes of some neglected diseases, showing the importance in monitoring adenoviruses.

Molecular Detection of Adenoviruses in Lakes and Rivers of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

Adenoviruses are a highly important public health issue, since they are among the most persistent and ubiquitous viruses present in water and associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to use molecular techniques for the detection of adenovirus in public and recreational water supplies in Goiânia, Brazil. From December 2007 to November 2008, 54 water samples were collected in 5 different sites in 2 lakes and 2 rivers of the city. The samples were filtered in a positively charged nylon membrane, and the DNA was extracted using the phenol–chloroform–isoamyl alcohol method. Semi-nested PCR was used to detect adenovirus DNA, and sequence analysis of the semi-nested PCR products was performed to identify the recovered viruses. Adenovirus DNA was detected in 43% (24 of 54) of samples collected. Considering all examined sites, MP1 presented the highest occurrence of adenovirus (6 positive from 10 collected samples), followed by MP2 (3 positive from 6 collected samples), JL (10 positive from 21 collected samples), VB (3 positive from 9 collected samples), and BB (2 positive from 8 collected samples), respectively. The methodology employed proved to be feasible, fast, low-cost, and suitable to be used as screening approach on adenovirus detection in water for public sanitation companies.

Longitudinal study on occurrence of adenoviruses and hepatitis A virus in raw domestic sewage in the city of Limeira, São Paulo

The aim of this study was to verify the presence and annual distribution of adenoviruses and hepatitis A virus in domestic sewage in the city of Limeira, São Paulo. Fifty samples with a volume of 8 liters each were collected weekly from December 2004 to December 2005. The viruses were concentrated by filtration through positively charged ZP60S filter membranes, followed by ultracentrifugation. Human adenoviruses (HAdV) were detected by PCR followed by nested-PCR and screening for species F was done by restriction of the PCR product with TaqI endonuclease. Virus infectivity assays were performed by inoculation of concentrates onto HEp-2 cell monolayers. RT-PCR was used for the detection of hepatitis A virus. HAdV were detected in all samples, and 64% of samples were positive for infectious virus. Species F was present in 82% of the samples. Hepatitis A virus was detected in 48% of the samples. These results demonstrate that HAdV and HAV were present in the domestic sewage of Limeira throughout the period of study, demonstrating the importance of an adequate treatment before the disposal in the environment.

Epidemiologia das gastroenterites associadas aos rotavírus e adenovírus em humanos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período de 1998 a 2002.

<span class="texto">A gastroenterite é uma das principais causas de morbidade entre crianças em países desenvolvidos e de mortalidade nos países em desenvolvimento. Os rotavírus são responsáveis pela maioria dos casos de diarréia e infectam praticamente todas as crianças nos primeiros 3 a 5 anos de vida. Os adenovírus entéricos são o segundo agente viral mais freqüentemente associado a diarréia, contudo sua epidemiologia não foi bem estabelecida. A presença de rotavírus e adenovírus foi investigada entre crianças da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2002. Amostras fecais de crianças com diarréia foram testadas para a presença do RNA de rotavírus por PAGE e para a presença de adenovírus por EIARA. Foram detectados rotavírus em 12% das crianças. A maior incidência da infecção por rotavírus foi observada nos meses de abril a setembro, os mais secos e frios do ano na região de estudo. A ocorrência de adenovírus foi observada em menor freqüência (6%), não apresentando padrão de sazonalidade definido.</span>

On the Occurrence of Adenoviruses in Sweden

On the Occurrence of Adenoviruses in Sweden