The Health Division of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Program was organized to deal with anticipated epidemics, to provide sanitary engineers and public health officers for each province of occupied China, and to furnish a group of specialists in the various branches of medicine to act as instructors and advisors in the new medical centers. Physicians who joined the program were advised that adequate equipment had been purchased and would be available on their arrival in China, and each one was assured that a definite position or appointment awaited him. The actual conditions, therefore, so at variance with these assurances, led to a great deal of discontent and frustration among the medical personnel during the spring and summer of 1946. For some, this frustration continued throughout the year of service but most were able, by adapting incomplete supplies and equipment, to attain some success in their work. The first incoming cargoes had been stored in warehouses without inventory, so tightly packed that even to sort and catalogue the goods on hand proved a tedious operation. Longshoremen's strikes, shortage of cargo boats, and difficulties in procurement all contributed to keep further supplies from arriving. Likewise a great uncertainty as to assignments had developed since the early plans were made in Chungking. Actual return to the occupied area revealed that formerly active hospital centers were unfit for operation, while other centers had been requisitioned by either the Chinese or the U. S. Army. In radiology the situation was particularly bad. Few x-ray machines were in operation, and parts for existing equipment were not available. Electric power in most cities was limited, subject to great fluctuation in voltage and frequent interruptions in service, due mainly to worn-out generators and a universal lack of fuel. In some cities electricity was available for only one or two hours in the evening. I had been scheduled to go to the Central Hospital at Nanking, which was to be the nucleus of the first of the five contemplated medical teaching centers. On my first trip there, in June 1946, the hospital was in process of moving to a new building. There was in use one pre-war Fisher x-ray unit for fluoroscopic work only. The tube had a poor focus; the fluoroscopic screen was indistinct and blurred, and in an unmounted frame, so that it had to be held by the examining physician while the tube was operated. Two hundred milligrams of radium had been received from UNRRA, but no clinical applicators were provided nor any storage receptacles! An adventurous surgeon had initiated the use of the radium by burying the needles in a sarcoma of the cheek, with no knowledge of the radiation desired or obtained. Some secondary infection had occurred and only slight tumor regression.