Occupied Area Research Articles

Phytogeographical specificity of bogs of the northwestern Karelian Isthmus (Leningrad Region)

The vegetation of the bogs of the northwestern part of the Karelian Isthmus is characterized. Main attention is paid to oligotrophic, ridge-hollow massifs which are reference for the southern half of the taiga zone, and have reached the ridge-pool stage of development. It was found that the bog vegetation of this part of the Karelian Isthmus differs from that of the rest of the Leningrad Region, having features that bring it closer to the vegetation of the bogs of the Baltic Sea coast. Trichophorum cespitosum occurs constantly, in places abundantly, on the ridge-pool sites of these bogs. Chamaedaphne calyculata is missing. In the herb-dwarf-shrub layer of the ridges, Calluna vulgaris holds undivided dominance, while Rhynchospora alba dominates in the hollows. In the moss layer, Sphagnum cuspidatum dominates in most hollows, S. tenellum in some massifs, and S. rubellum is often found and sometimes dominates on ridges. In the bogs of this part of the Isthmus, both Sphagnum divinum and S. medium grow, their ratio in terms of occupied area and frequency of occurrence varies in both different and sometimes neighboring massifs, and a trend to a gradual decrease of the share of Sphagnum medium along the west–east gradient is observed. Also, they ocupy different habitats. There are few lichens on the ridges, and they do not play any phytocenotic role in the studied bogs. The bogs of the studied area differ sharply in vegetation from the bogs of the South Karelian and East Baltic mire provinces, having many similarities with the bogs of the Baltic Coastal province.

Exploring the role of aspartic acid in modulating micellization behavior of cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

The study of the interaction between aspartic acid (Asp) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) reveals important information about surfactant organization, surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and surface pressure. Because of enhanced surfactant solubility brought about by electrostatic interactions, Asp’s ionization lowers CTAB’s CMC. The maximal surface excess concentration falls with increasing Asp concentration, suggesting competition for surface adsorption. The minimum occupied area per surfactant molecule increases at the same time, indicating changed surfactant activity at the interface between air and water. Higher CTAB concentrations are associated with a decrease in surface tension, which suggests that when Asp concentration rises, micelle formation would be promoted. Saturation effects, on the other hand, happen at high Asp concentrations and interfere with micelle formation. These tendencies are supported by surface pressure measurements, highlighting the significance of ionic interactions in micelle behavior.Moreover, surfactant structuring is impacted by the packing parameter decreasing as Asp concentration increases. The changing balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions within the CTAB/Asp micellar complexes is further explained by variations in degree of counterion dissociation of micelles (α) values. The complex dynamics of ionic interactions and their impact on surfactant behavior in CTAB/Asp systems are highlighted by these studies.

Systematic approach in struggle against Heracleum Sosnowskyi with GPS mapping usage

Goal. Analysis of long-term data on the systematic control of Heracleum Sosnowskyi on the territory of the city of Chernivtsi and the city of Kovel, taking into account the effectiveness of the use of GPS mapping. Methods. Researches conducted by visual method for identifying Heracleum Sosnowskyi in investigated regions. Used the quantity method used for determining sowing weediness. This method is based upon the weeds accounting on recording area. The spreading map formed with help of licensed software in studied districts. The device GPS-navigator used for (Garmin eTrex Legend) used for fixed points of Heracleum Sosnowskyi, areas of weeds’ hearths, spreading scopes and elimination areas, reference to coordinate system. Results. Studies conducted as per operation maps. They had been developed upon the GPS mapping. They had been formed during 2016—2022 for previous areas Heracleum Sosnowskyi control. The patented way of struggle against Heracleum Sosnowskyi tested. The way based upon the biodestructor usage after cutting for plants drying and seeds material elimination. It may be used against young plants in chemicals in the form of a complex of herbicides are also. Monitoring of the territory of the city of Chernivtsi showed that as a result of the systematic destruction of Heracleum Sosnowskyi, 12 foci of weed disappeared. The plants’ density seriously decreased from 47.8 and 43.5 plants on 1 m2 to 1.1 and 0.2 plants on 1 m2. Conclusions. Factual survey in town Chernivtsi showed that the systematic approach in struggle with Heracleum Sosnowskyi had allowed to decrease occupied area son 20 ha. The number of Heracleum Sosnowskyi plants decreased in more than 25 times. According to the results of systematic work in the city of Kovel, it is possible to claim the complete destruction of 2 outbreaks with a total area of 0.43 ha. GPS mapping usage allowed to increase monitoring and clear control for areas change of controlled object.

Influence of remaining coronal tooth morphology with resin abutment and fiber post on static and dynamic fracture resistances.

This study aimed to clarify the fracture resistance of resin abutments built on endodontically treated roots with the remaining coronal teeth via static and cyclic loading tests. Endodontically treated bovine roots, which had a remaining coronal tooth covered with an occupied area for a quarter and half of the circumference at the tensile side or covered the circumference at both the tensile and compressive sides, were fabricated to build up to the resin abutment. Fracture resistance was evaluated via static and cyclic loading tests by applying a load of 30° to the tooth axis. Half of the circumference of the remaining coronal tooth showed a significantly higher static fracture load and survival rate. The remaining coronal tooth on the compressive side improved the dynamic fracture resistance associated with severe fractures. The occupied area and location of the remaining coronal tooth affected the static and dynamic fracture resistances.

An ultra-low power QCA based vedic multiplier for digital radar application

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a promising nanotechnology that appears to meet the requirements of high speed radar applications. Due to its advantages, including its extremely low power dissipation and less occupied area, it is highly regarded. The multiplier module is an essential component in Phased Array Radar (PAR). In the real-time PAR based systems, many applications like digital beam forming, local oscillators, and communication receivers etc. requires multiplication operation. However, the most important factors in these systems are the area and power consumption. This paper presents an ultra-low power vedic multiplier using QCA technology, and it provides the effective clocking, reduce the number of cells, and low energy dissipation. The 4×4 vedic multiplier utilizes only 2940 cells and occupies 7.33μm2 area with 7.64×10−1eV of energy dissipation. The total consumed power of this module is 1.61nW. This architecture outperforms complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based circuits in terms of power by 90%. The proposed contribution will initiate a new direction of research into real-time PAR based systems.

Hybrid Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Nanocomputing Circuits

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging transistor-less field-coupled nanocomputing (FCN) approach to ultra-scale ‘nanochip’ integration. In QCA, to represent digital circuitry, electrostatic repulsion between electrons and the mechanism of electron tunnelling in quantum dots are used. QCA technology can surpass conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology in terms of clock speed, reduced occupied chip area, and energy efficiency. To develop QCA circuits, irreversible majority gates are typically used as the primary components. Recently, some studies have introduced reversible design techniques, using reversible majority gates as the main building block, to develop ultra-energy-efficient QCA circuits. However, this approach resulted in time delays, an increase in the number of QCA cells used, and an increase in the chip area occupied. This work introduces a novel hybrid design strategy employing irreversible, reversible, and partially reversible QCA gates to establish an optimal balance between power consumption, delay time, and occupied area. This hybrid technique allows the designer to have more control over the circuit characteristics to meet different system needs. A combination of reversible, irreversible, and innovative partially reversible majority gates is used in the proposed hybrid design method. We evaluated the hybrid design method by examining the half-adder circuit as a case study. We developed four hybrid QCA half-adder circuits, each of which simultaneously incorporates various types of majority gates. The QCADesigner-E 2.2 simulation tool was used to simulate the performance and energy efficiency of the half-adders. This tool provides numerical results for the circuit input/output response and heat dissipation at the physical level within a microscopic quantum mechanical model.

Chorotypes and geographic relationships among endemic species of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico

The Transmexican Volcanic Belt (TVB) is a complex biogeographical province characterized by several areas of endemism and high diversity of flora and fauna produced by complex geological and evolutionary processes. Chorotypes are biogeographical patterns that occur either when 2 or more independently distributed species share the same occupied area, or even when a single species’ distribution area differs significantly from others. Here, we identified chorotypes of 167 endemic species inhabiting the TVB using geographic distribution models and quantitative methods. Of those species, 136 were included in 11 chorotypes, named I to XI. In addition, the insect Aedes niveoscotum constituted chorotype XII. The 30 remaining species did not belong to any chorotype. All chorotypes included species from different taxonomic groups, which may be due to a shared biogeographical history. The chorotypes with the highest richness were located in the central and eastern TVB, suggesting that volcano peaks and surrounding areas are important for generating the particular environmental conditions that restrict the distribution of species of different taxonomic groups.

A new energy-efficient design for quantum-based multiplier for nano-scale devices in internet of things

An enormous variety of items and things are connected via wired or wireless connections and specific addressing schemes, which is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). However, IoT devices that adopt aggressive duty-cycling for high power efficiency and prolonged lifespan necessitate the incorporation of ultra-low power consumption always-on blocks. The multiplier plays a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of low-power IoT devices, particularly those operating with energy-efficient batteries that offer extended battery life. The previous multipliers have a struggling speed, enormous occupied area, and high energy consumption; therefore, all prior flaws must be fixed by implementing it in a suitable technology, like the quantum computing. Therefore, this paper examines the ultra-low power circuit for nano-scale IoT platforms. It also suggests novel quantum-based adders for multiplier structure. The proposed designs are simulated using the QCADesignerE 2.2 tool by focusing on energy-efficient and occupied areas for miniaturizing IoT systems.

Novel level and edge-triggered universal shift registers with low latency in QCA technology

Shift registers are one of the main blocks in processors. In this paper, two new universal shift registers are designed based on Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) nanotechnology. Both of the proposed level triggered and edge triggered universal shift register in QCA technology shows good performance in regards of the number of cells, occupied area, delay, and power. These designs also have reset abilities. Simulations show that the proposed 4-bit level triggered universal shift register with reset ability has 1057 QCA cells, 1.27 μm2 occupied area, and delay of about three cycles of QCA clock. In addition, the proposed rising edge triggered 4-bit universal shift register with reset ability has 1085 QCA cells, 1.27 μm2 occupied area, and delay of about three cycles of QCA clocks.

Acoustic Requalification of an Urban Evolving Site and Design of a Noise Barrier: A Case Study at the Bologna Engineering School

The increase in new infrastructure development has raised closer attention to the environmental noise of new expansion areas. This study investigates the urban evolution of Terracini Street’s surrounding area in the Navile district, Bologna, Italy. In the last 20 years, this area has undergone various transformations, from a suburban industrial area to a new university and residential one. First, the morphologic and infrastructural characteristics of the site are established. Then, the existing regulations (acoustic, urban, and infrastructural regulations, whether local or national) are evaluated. Next, the results of environmental noise measurements are presented. Since a heavily trafficked infrastructure is very close to the occupied public area, noise limits are severely exceeded. A noise mitigation design stage follows, focusing on a novel noise barrier design. Specifically, particular attention is paid to the visual and ecological impact of the noise barrier on the area’s landscape, which must be representative of the new location of the School of Engineering. The sonic crystal technique is exploited to implement an effective noise barrier (average insertion loss of 10 dB(A) in the 200 Hz–1 kHz range), allowing air ventilation and visual transparency. This case study could further evolve using other acoustic metamaterial techniques or in different application sites.

Comparison of structural effects of cholesterol, lanosterol, and oxysterol on phospholipid (POPC) bilayers

Membrane sterols contribute to the function of biomembranes by regulating the physical properties of the lipid bilayers. Cholesterol, a typical mammalian sterol, is biosynthesized by oxidation of lanosterol. From a molecular evolutionary perspective, lanosterol is considered the ancestral molecule of cholesterol. Here, we studied whether cholesterol is superior to lanosterol in regulating the physical properties of the lipid bilayer in terms of the structural effect on model biomembranes composed of a phospholipid. For comparison, oxysterol, which is formed by oxidation of cholesterol, was also studied. The phospholipid used was 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), which is abundantly found in mammalian biomembranes, and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, which is highly cytotoxic, was used as the oxysterol. The apparent molecular volume was calculated from the mass density determined by the flotation method using H2O and D2O, and the bilayer thickness was determined by reconstructing the electron density distribution from X-ray diffraction data of the POPC/sterol mixtures at a sterol concentration of 30 mol%. The apparent occupied area at the bilayer surface was calculated from the above two structural data. The cholesterol system had the thickest bilayer thickness and the smallest occupied area of the three sterols studied here. This indicates that the POPC/cholesterol bilayer has a better barrier property than the other two systems. Compared to cholesterol, the effects of lanosterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol on lipid bilayer properties can be interpreted as suboptimal for the function of mammalian biomembranes.

Using different geometries on the amount of heat transfer in a shell and tube heat exchanger using the finite volume method

This research investigates the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of a conical spiral tube heat exchanger. The study specifically focuses on the application of Ag-HEG (Silver–Hydrogen exfoliated graphene) nanofluid and various turbulator designs. The range of Dean Numbers, specifically 2200 < Dean <4200, was studied through experiments under turbulent flow conditions. Furthermore, the finite volume method-based ANSYS Fluent commercial code was utilized for numerical simulations. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed using the ANSYS Fluent software, which utilizes the finite volume method. This research aims to perform a numerical analysis on the efficiency of a conical shell and tube heat exchanger. When compared to other models, spiral heat exchangers provide a larger contact area between the fluid and the exchanger within a specified occupied area. This advantage is one of the prominent features of this particular type of heat exchanger. The simulations were conducted in two stages. During the first stage, the thermal performance coefficients of three turbulators were evaluated. In the second stage, the four-blade turbulator with ten revolutions, which exhibited superior thermal performance, was further analyzed based on the number of circles around the center of the conical spiral coil. The numerical results showed that the four-blade turbulator with ten revolutions displayed superior thermal performance compared to the other modes, specifically the two-blade and three-blade turbulators. In the second stage, it was found that the Nusselt number achieved from 30 revolutions was higher by 4.2 %, 10 %, and 18.3 % compared to the Nusselt numbers obtained from the other two modes of 10 and 20 revolutions. Consequently, it is concluded that utilizing Ag-HEG nanofluids in conjunction with the four-blade turbulator featuring 30 revolutions is the optimal choice for improving heat transfer in conical spiral tube heat exchangers while maintaining an acceptable level of pressure drop. This combination outperforms traditional fluids and turbulators.

Effects of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] coating on the bacterial communities of artificial structures.

The expanding urbanization of coastal areas has led to increased ocean sprawl, which has had both physical and chemical adverse effects on marine and coastal ecosystems. To maintain the health and functionality of these ecosystems, it is imperative to develop effective solutions. One such solution involves the use of biodegradable polymers as bioactive coatings to enhance the bioreceptivity of marine and coastal infrastructures. Our study aimed to explore two main objectives: (1) investigate PHA-degrading bacteria on polymer-coated surfaces and in surrounding seawater, and (2) comparing biofilm colonization between surfaces with and without the polymer coating. We applied poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)) coatings on concrete surfaces at concentrations of 1% and 6% w/v, with varying numbers of coating cycles (1, 3, and 6). Our findings revealed that the addition of P(3HB) indeed promoted accelerated biofilm growth on the coated surfaces, resulting in an occupied area approximately 50% to 100% larger than that observed in the negative control. This indicates a remarkable enhancement, with the biofilm expanding at a rate roughly 1.5 to 2 times faster than the untreated surfaces. We observed noteworthy distinctions in biofilm growth patterns based on varying concentration and number of coating cycles. Interestingly, treatments with low concentration and high coating cycles exhibited comparable biofilm enhancements to those with high concentrations and low coating cycles. Further investigation into the bacterial communities responsible for the degradation of P(3HB) coatings identified mostly common and widespread strains but found no relation between the concentration and coating cycles. Nevertheless, this microbial degradation process was found to be highly efficient, manifesting noticeable effects within a single month. While these initial findings are promising, it's essential to conduct tests under natural conditions to validate the applicability of this approach. Nonetheless, our study represents a novel and bio-based ecological engineering strategy for enhancing the bioreceptivity of marine and coastal structures.

A new design of a digital filter for an efficient field programmable gate array using quantum dot technology

Digital filtering algorithms are most frequently used to implement generic-based Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) chips, which are used for higher sampling rates. In the filtering structure, delay and occupied areas play a vital role. Since the existing structures suffered from shortcomings such as high delay and high occupied area, implementing a high-performance digital filter circuit with high speed and low occupied area based on unique technology can significantly improve the performance of whole FPGA structures. One of the best technologies to implement this vital structure to solve these shortcomings is quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology. This paper presents several new efficient full adders for digital filter applications based on quantum technology, including a multiplier, AND gate, and accumulator. The QCADesigner 2.0.3 tool is used to create and validate the suggested designs. According to the results, all designed circuits have simple structures with few quantum cells, low area, and low latency.

Novel efficient and scalable design of full-adder in atomic silicon dangling bonds (ASDB) technology

Atomic Silicon Dangling Bonds (ASDB) is an advanced emerging nanotechnology to replace CMOS technology; because it allows the designing of circuits with very high-speed and low-density. However, one of the most critical challenges in implementing circuits in ASDB nanotechnology is output stability and possible defects, such as DB omission, DB misalignment, and DB extra deposition, which can be overcome using a suitable designing pattern. Therefore, developing stable and robust structures is considered as one of essential topics in ASDB. This paper first proposes two novel and stable computing circuits, including a three-input majority voter (MV3) and three-input XOR (XOR3); based on triangular and rhombus patterns, respectively. Then, an efficient ASDB full-adder is designed using the suggested MV3 and XOR3 gates. Finally, two and four-bit ripple carry adders are developed using proposed full-adder. Simulation results indicate that the suggested MV3 and XOR3 are superior to previous designs, by more than 80%, 48%, and 9.5%, averagely; in terms of occupied area, energy, and occurrence, respectively. Moreover, the proposed gates are investigated against possible defects, and the results show high stability.

A novel erucic acid derived surfactant: Experimental and theoretical study

Erucic acid is still a difficulty to utilize efficiently as a byproduct of grease processing. An effective strategy is to develop novel surfactants derived from erucic acid. Adamantyl trimethyl ammonium erucate, (AdEr) is an ionic liquid anionic surfactant derived from erucic acid. In this study, a combination of experimental and theoretical calculations was used to compare its physical characteristics and aggregation behaviors with the previously reported choline erucate (ChEr). The physical chemical properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, surface tension and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The introduction of adamantane enhanced thermal stability and increased the melting point, while maintaining the excellent water-solubility. In comparison with ChEr, AdEr has a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) and lager micellar aggregation sizes, exhibiting better micellization ability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggests that AdEr has less intramolecular activity and a more stable molecular structure. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations verified that AdEr preferred to aggregate to form micelles and had a larger aggregation size than ChEr using parameters such as conformation snapshots, radius of gyration (Rg) and mean square displacement (MSD). According to radial distribution function (RDF) analysis, this is owing to the smaller occupied area due to lower hydration of COO− groups of AdEr, and the difference hydration extent of the cations (Ad+ and Cho+). These findings clearly suggest that AdEr can be used as a potential alternative to conventional surfactant derived from erucic acid for various applications.

A new nano-design of 16-bit carry look-ahead adder based on quantum technology

There is a requirement and a desire to develop reliable and energy-efficient circuit designs that adapt to the expanding field of low-power circuit engineering in the VLSI domain based on nanotechnology. The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology possesses the potential to supplant the conventional, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology in low-power nano-scale applications due to its diminutive cell dimensions, dependable circuitry architecture, and robust structural integrity. On the other hand, the carry look-ahead adder (CLA) is one of the vital circuits in digital processing utilized in diverse digital applications. In addition, for the design of this essential circuit, the occupied area and the delay play the primary role because using a simple formulation can reduce the occupied area, energy consumption, and the number of gates count. In the previous structures, high delay and use of traditional technology (like CMOS) caused an increase in the number of gate counts and occupied areas. Using QCA technology, simple quantum cells, and a low delay, all the previous shortcomings can be resolved to reduce the number of gate counts and low occupied area in the CLA circuit. This paper proposes a new method that helps the propagation characteristics generate suitable signals to reduce the number of gate counts based on adders in QCA technology. Several new blocks are used to design fast binary adders. Finally, an optimal four and 16-bit CLA circuit will be proposed based on the adder circuit. Furthermore, the execution and experimentation of outcomes are carried out utilizing QCADesigner-2.0.3. The simulation-based comparison of values justified the proposed design’s accuracy and efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed circuit has a low area and quantum cell.

Task Modules Partitioning, Scheduling and Floorplanning for Partially Dynamically Reconfigurable Systems with Heterogeneous Resources

Some field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be partially dynamically reconfigurable with heterogeneous resources distributed on the chip. FPGA-based partially dynamically reconfigurable system (FPGA-PDRS) can be used to accelerate computing and improve computing flexibility. However, the traditional design of FPGA-PDRS is based on manual design. Implementing the automation of FPGA-PDRS needs to solve the problems of task modules partitioning, scheduling, and floorplanning on heterogeneous resources. Existing works only partly solve problems for the automation process of FPGA-PDRS or model homogeneous resources for FPGA-PDRS. To better solve the problems in the automation process of FPGA-PDRS and narrow the gap between algorithm and application, in this paper, we propose a complete workflow including three parts: pre-processing to generate the lists of task module candidate shapes according to the resource requirements, exploration process to search the solution of task modules partitioning, scheduling, and floorplanning, and post-optimization to improve the floorplan success rate. Experimental results show that, compared with state-of-the-art work, the pre-processing process can reduce the occupied area of task modules by 6% on average; the proposed complete workflow can improve performance by 9.6%, and reduce communication cost by 14.2% with improving the resources reuse rate of the heterogeneous resources on the chip. Based on the solution generated by the exploration process, the post-optimization process can improve the floorplan success rate by 11%.

DLFFNet: A new dynamical local feature fusion network for automatic aortic valve calcification recognition using echocardiography

Background and ObjectiveAortic valve calcification (AVC) is a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular events and is correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis. Generally, AVC is identified by echocardiography using visual “eyeballing”, which results in huge differences between observers and requires a long time to learn. Therefore, accurately identifying AVC from echocardiographic images is a challenging task due to the interference of various factors. MethodIn this paper, we built a dynamical local feature fusion net capable of processing echocardiography to recognize AVC automatically. We proposed high-echo area which were segmented by a U-Net. Meanwhile, we fine-tuned the segmentation results by adding brightness in the mask tuning module in order to dynamically adjust the selection of local features. To better fuse multi-level and multi-scale information, we designed a pyramid-based two-branch feature fusion module in classification, which enables the network to better integrate global and local semantic representations. In addition, for the echocardiographic data collected by different devices and doctors, inconsistent aortic valve position with a small occupied area, a unified preprocessing algorithm was designed. ResultsTo highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we compared several state-of-the-art methods on the same ultrasound dataset. The 231 patients with short-axis views of the aortic valve images were collected and labeled (masked) by experienced ultrasound doctors from The First Hospital of China Medical University. The accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score, micro-AUC, and macro-AUC of the model for the test dataset were, 82.40%, 82.50%, 82.50%, 91.23%, 82.47%, 92.39%, and 92.25%, respectively. ConclusionsThe results showed the possibility of using echocardiography to examine AVC automatically and verified by visualization methods that the Region of Interest of the model is consistent with the observed region of the experts.

The study of shielding design parameter (thickness) in two health tertiary institutions in Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria

The safety of the patient is of highest importance during diagnostic imaging which uses various forms of ionizing radiations mainly photons (x-rays and gamma rays). Both the patient and personnel working in the diagnostic facility may be exposed to unintentional source of radiations during diagnostic imaging. This study was conducted at the Federal Medical Center, Katsina and General Amadi Rimi Specialist Hospital, Katsina to assess the shielding adequacy of the barriers required to attenuate the intensity of X-ray to recommended limit. The National Council on Radiation Protection and measurement (NCRP), Report No 147 was used to evaluate the shielding barriers of the radiographic rooms in the two facilities. Calculation was done using the number of patients (N), occupancy factor (T), Design dose limit (P) and the distance to the occupied area (controlled and uncontrolled area). The result shows that the room area meets the recommendation of Nigeria Nuclear Regulatory Agency (NNRA) of at least 16 m2 and the shielding requirement for the primary barrier is slightly higher than secondary barrier of each room. The calculated shielding requirement for the primary barrier of room I, room II and room III of Federal Medical Center, Katsina and room IV of General Amadi Rimi Specialist Hospital, Katsina are 0.59 mm, 0.46 mm, 0.36 mm and 0.48 mm respectively. The maximum calculated shielding requirement for the secondary barriers in room I, room II, and room III of Federal Medical Center, Katsina and room IV of General Amadi Rimi Specialist Hospital, Katsina are 0.55 mm, 0.48 mm, 0.63 mm and 0.48 mm respectively. The ratio of the calculated to current material thickness is less than one (&lt;1) for all the rooms.This indicates that the shielding barriers in the facilities are adequate. Hence, can accommodate future increase in the number of patients examined in the diagnostic rooms per week.