Occupational Performance Of People Research Articles

Occupation-Based Intervention for People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Feasibility Study.

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of an occupation-based intervention (OBI) on dexterity and occupational performance for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to gather preliminary efficacy data. In this feasibility study, 2 women with MS participated in 12 OBI sessions that focused on increasing upper extremity function. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, 9-Hole Peg Test, Expanded Disability Status Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were used as outcome measures. The scores of these assessments are reported descriptively. According to preliminary data, both participants demonstrated improvements in dexterity, occupational performance, and occupational performance satisfaction. These data suggest that OBI may be implemented effectively in Iran. OBI improved the functional use of the participants' upper extremities as well as their occupational performance and satisfaction with their occupational performance in each of the 2 women with MS. This preliminary intervention program should be further tested using randomized controlled trials.

Examining the Sensory Processing Skills and Occupational Performance of People with Multiple Sclerosis

This study aimed to compare sensory processing skills and occupational performance between participants with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls. Eighty participants were enrolled in this study, 40 with multiple sclerosis and 40 with healthy controls. Participants were between 18 and 65 years of age and asked to complete the Adult Sensory Profile, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The findings of the study revealed that participants with multiple sclerosis had a lower ability to register sensory input, a higher sensory sensitivity, and avoidance, as well as lower levels of performance and satisfaction in their daily occupations, compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.05). People with multiple sclerosis often experience difficulties with sensory processing and occupational performance in daily life. More research and practice are needed on the role of sensory processing and occupational performance in daily life in people with multiple sclerosis.

Effects of Occupation-Based Home Visit Occupational Therapy on Neurobehavioral Problems, Activities of Daily Living, and Occupational Performance in People After a Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Occupation-Based Home Visit Occupational Therapy on Neurobehavioral Problems, Activities of Daily Living, and Occupational Performance in People After a Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Effectiveness of Community Occupational Therapy Intervention in, with and from the Community in People with Disabilities in Azrou (Morocco).

In Morocco, the social and environmental context influences the volition and development of meaningful activities, creating physical, personal and social barriers to the occupational performance of people with disabilities. This study develops a community Occupational Therapy program in order to verify its effectiveness in the volition, quality of life and perceived self-stigma of people with disabilities in the Moroccan city of Azrou, and to reduce the stigma of the community towards people with disabilities in the city. Data were collected from people with disabilities who participated in the program (N = 52), using the Volitional Questionnaire (VQ), The World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-BREF), the Stigma Awareness Questionnaire (SCQ) and an ad hoc interview. In addition, community stigma was assessed by the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27) in citizens without disabilities (N = 42). Results confirmed that this intervention favors the inclusion of people with disabilities in their closest environment, improving volition and quality of life and reducing self-stigma. Furthermore, the community’s stigma towards people with disabilities was also significantly reduced after the intervention.

Impact of pain, fatigue and dyspnoea on occupational performance in people with advanced cancer: A longitudinal study

Background: Pain, fatigue and dyspnoea are symptoms commonly experienced by people with advanced cancer, which may impact on their occupational performance. It is not known whether these symptoms impact their occupational performance over time.Objective: To examine correlation between pain, fatigue and dyspnoea and occupational performance and the impact of such symptoms on occupational performance over time in people with advanced cancer.Material and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted including 242 participants assessed at baseline and after six and 12 weeks. Spearman’s rank-order test and mixed linear models were performed.Results: The correlation between pain, fatigue and dyspnoea and occupational performance at baseline spanned from trivial to moderate (Spearman’s rho: −0.004 to 0.34). Only pain had a statistically significant impact on activities of daily living (ADL) motor ability over time (p = 0.01). Participants with no pain problems had the largest decrease in ADL motor ability (−0.24 logits (95%-CI: −0.37 to −0.12)), but the observed decrease was not clinically relevant (≥−0.30).Conclusion: Pain, fatigue and dyspnoea did not seem to highly correlate with occupational performance or impact occupational performance over time of people with advanced cancer.

Analysis of occupational performance for the promotion of health in people with fibromyalgia. A phenomenological study

IntroductionAn imbalance in the performance or occupational participation can be detrimental to health. To a large extent, this is the case in people diagnosed with fibromyalgia. ObjectiveThis research study was carried out in order to determine the occupational performance in people diagnosed with fibromyalgia in the Galician province of A Coruña (Spain). Material and methodsA qualitative methodology was used, with data being collected through semi-structured interviews and a field notebook. A total of 34 people participated, including those diagnosed, family members and professionals. ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) «everything costs», (2) «only I know what I can do», (3) «if I don’t feel well, I stay», (4) «either they get help or breakdown». ConclusionFollowing the diagnosis of fibromyalgia people change the characteristics of their occupational performance, both terms of influencing factors, in the way they conduct their activities, and in terms of their environments.

Análisis del desempeño ocupacional para la promoción de la salud en personas con fibromialgia. Un estudio fenomenológico

IntroductionAn imbalance in the performance or occupational participation can be detrimental to health. This is the case, to a large extent in people diagnosed with fibromyalgia. ObjectivesThe present research study was carried out in order to determine the occupational performance in people diagnosed with fibromyalgia in the Galician province of A Coruña (Spain). Material and methodsA qualitative methodology was used, with data being collected through semi-structured interviews and a field notebook. A total of 34 people participated, including those diagnosed, family members and professionals. ResultsFour themes emerged: (1) «everything costs», (2) «only I know what I can do», (3) «if I’m not good I stay», (4) «support or nothing». ConclusionsPeople with fibromyalgia after diagnosis have modified the characteristics of their occupational performance, both in influential factors, perform and environments.

Construct Validity and Reliability of the Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Evaluation Scale (COTES) in People With Schizophrenia.

We evaluated the construct validity (i.e., unidimensionality and convergent validity) and Rasch reliability of the 20-item Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Evaluation Scale (COTES) in people with schizophrenia. Retrospective chart review was used to collect COTES data from 505 inpatients with schizophrenia. For construct validity, we first examined unidimensionality of each of the three COTES subscales using Rasch analysis. After unidimensionality was supported, we examined convergent validity using Pearson's r and Rasch reliability of the individual subscales. After deleting two misfitting items, the remaining items (i.e., the COTES-18) showed unidimensionality. Infit and outfit mean squares were 0.73-1.25. Moderate correlations were found among the three COTES-18 subscales (rs = .57-.71). The Rasch reliabilities of the three subscales were .83-.92. The COTES-18 has sufficient construct validity and reliability to assess three specific dimensions of behavior affecting occupational performance in people with schizophrenia.

Kinesio Taping for Pain and Inflammation After Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Pilot Study

Abstract Date Presented 04/05/19 This poster discusses the effectiveness of the Kinesio Taping Method to support occupational performance for people who have had a carpal tunnel release. Primary Author and Speaker: Evangeline Randall Additional Authors and Speakers: Kevin Tan, Michelle Winkeljohn, Patricia Siegel

Mirror Therapy and Task-Oriented Training for People With a Paretic Upper Extremity.

This study investigates the effect of mirror therapy and task-oriented training on the paretic upper extremity function and occupational performance of people with stroke. This study used a repeated-measures, case-series design in which 4 participants completed a 4-wk intervention consisting of mirror therapy and task-specific training. The intervention was conducted 2×/wk in the clinic and 4×/wk at home. All participants displayed clinically meaningful improvements in self-identified goals at the end of the intervention and at follow-up. Three participants showed clinically meaningful changes in motor function. Although only 1 participant improved in his reported amount of use, all participants showed clinically meaningful improvements in perceived movement quality at varying points of assessment. Mirror therapy, when used as priming for task-oriented training, can produce clinical improvements in upper extremity function and occupational performance in people with hemiparesis.

The Relationship Between Volition and Independent Occupational Performance in People with Mental Disorders

ABSTRACTMental disorders and psychiatric institutionalization reduce the volition and limit the occupational performance of those affected. This article investigates the relationship between volition and occupational performance of people with mental disorders and analyzes the influence of sociodemographic variables on their volition. The results show that high levels of volition and regular participation in occupational therapy programs improve independence in daily occupational performance but also show that psychiatric pathology and the length of institutionalization reduce this volition.

There is insufficient or mixed evidence about which interventions can improve occupational performance for people with cognitive impairment after stroke.

There is insufficient or mixed evidence about which interventions can improve occupational performance for people with cognitive impairment after stroke.

Quality of life and occupational performance of people with multiple sclerosis

A esclerose multipla (EM) e uma doenca neurologica degenerativa e cronica com ampla gama de sinais e sintomas que podem comprometer a qualidade de vida (QV) e o desempenho ocupacional (DO) dos individuos que a exibem. Objetivo: Resumiu-se em avaliar a existencia de possivel correlacao entre DO e QV em populacao com essa doenca. Metodo: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal e quantitativa cujos individuos frequentavam o ambulatorio de neurologia do hospital de clinicas de uma universidade federal no estado de Minas Gerais. O DO e a QV dos individuos foram obtidos atraves da versao em portugues dos instrumentos Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM) e Escala de Determinacao Funcional da Qualidade de Vida (DEFU), respectivamente. A analise dos dados foi realizada por meio do Coeficiente de Correlacao de Pearson. Resultados: A amostra envolveu 24 sujeitos, sendo 66,7% do sexo feminino com idade media de 48,3 anos (DP = 10,21). O tipo remitente recorrente (RR) de EM foi o mais observado (91,7%). Os resultados da COPM revelaram que a maior parte dos participantes apresentou desempenho variando de moderado a ruim, tendo sido enumeradas as atividades andar na rua, subir e descer escadas, ir a casa de familiares e amigos, dancar e ler como mais dificeis de serem realizadas. Mais de 75% dos individuos obtiveram escores abaixo de 6,7 pontos. A DEFU indicou que a QV dos participantes se configurou como boa, tendo 90% dos individuos alcancando escore acima de 72 pontos. A associacao entre o escore da DEFU e seus dominios com os escores de desempenho e satisfacao da COPM nao apresentou correlacao estatisticamente significante. A correlacao entre a mobilidade da DEFU apresentou correlacao significativa com o escore de desempenho da COPM (r = 0,438, p = 0,032). Conclusao: A fadiga e uma das manifestacoes mais comuns e perturbadoras e pode comprometer o desempenho nas funcoes individuais de forma variada, sendo relatada por 92% dos individuos deste estudo. Isto pode ser explicado pelo diminuido numero de surtos observados, pela predominância do tipo RR da doenca, possivel suporte familiar e social. Salienta-se tambem que alguns participantes da pesquisa mencionaram inteirar-se quanto aos aspectos da doenca atraves da internet ou e reunioes em associacoes, fato que, segundo eles, os levou a se tornar a par do carater evolutivo e deteriorante da doenca. Isto pode te-los levado a refletir sobre sua situacao de vida e ter influenciado sua opiniao sobre a qualidade da mesma.

Effectiveness of interventions to improve occupational performance of people with motor impairments after stroke: an evidence-based review.

We conducted a review to determine the effectiveness of interventions to improve occupational performance in people with motor impairments after stroke as part of the American Occupational Therapy Association's Evidence-Based Practice Project. One hundred forty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. Findings related to key outcomes from select interventions are presented. Results suggest that a variety of effective interventions are available to improve occupational performance after stroke. Evidence suggests that repetitive task practice, constraint-induced or modified constraint-induced movement therapy, strengthening and exercise, mental practice, virtual reality, mirror therapy, and action observation can improve upper-extremity function, balance and mobility, and/or activity and participation. Commonalities among several of the effective interventions include the use of goal-directed, individualized tasks that promote frequent repetitions of task-related or task-specific movements.

A Narrative Literature Review of the Impact of Anti-TNFα Treatment on the Occupational Performance of People with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Ankylosing Spondylitis

Introduction: Anti-TNFα treatment has revolutionised the disease pathway for some people with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, although physiological improvements do not always readily translate into re-engagement in occupational activities. This review explores the evidence base for the impact of anti-TNFα on occupational performance. Method: Literature was searched from 2000–11. A four-stage process resulted in the review of 19 articles. The Weight of Evidence framework was used to assess quality and relevance to the review question. Findings: People on anti-TNFα treatment experience increased engagement in functional, psychological and social domains. Most studies focused on employment issues, with conflicting evidence about how well anti-TNFα protected against work disability and very limited evidence that anti-TNFα enabled return to paid work. The increase in productivity was to the detriment of other occupational domains, with resulting occupational imbalance. Conclusion: The assumption that clinical improvement is relatively trouble free is incorrect, as some people on anti-TNFα treatment continue to experience difficulties in all occupational domains, particularly work. People on anti-TNFα treatment do not routinely have access to occupational therapy services. Further research needs to explore the nuanced experiences of treatment and the role of occupational therapy in maximising the treatment potential of anti-TNFα.

This scoping review provides general information, but not robust conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of occupational therapy for people with chronic diseases

SummaryofHand,C.,Law,M.&McColl,M.A.(2011).Occupational therapy interventions for chronic diseases:A scoping review. American Journal of OccupationalTherapy, 65 (4), 428–436.Objective of review: To determine the effectiveness ofcommunity occupational therapy on occupational perfor-mance for people with chronic diseases.Search strategy: Searches included electronic databasesAMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, the CochraneLibrary and PsycInfo from 1988 to end of 2008 for commu-nity-based or outpatient-focused occupational therapyinterventions and occupational therapy relevant databases,including systematic reviews such as OTseeker. A sensitivesearch strategy was used.Selection criteria: Studies: Randomised controlled trials(RCTs).Participants: community living with one or morecardiovascular disease, COPD, depression, diabetes, osteo-arthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cerebrovascu-lar diseases were excluded. Interventions: An interventiondelivered by community or outpatient occupational thera-pists or as part of a multidisciplinary team containing occu-pational therapists. Outcomes: occupational performance,health status, quality of life or self-efficacy.Method of the review: Two reviewers independently iden-tified relevant trials, assessed methodological quality andextracted data. The methodological quality was assessedusing the McMaster University’s Critical Review Form forQuantitative Studies (Law et al., 1998). Disagreements wereresolved by a third researcher. Qualitative analyses anddata synthesis were performed.Main findings: Sixteen studies of a pool of 141, met all eli-gibility criteria and were included. Studies focused on RA(n = 10), COPD (n = 3), depression (n = 1), chronic heartfailure (n = 1) and multiple conditions (n = 1).Seven studies met all of the methodological quality crite-ria and the others met at least 75%. Ten studies reportedsignificant positiveresults for improvement of occupationalperformance (n = 4), work outcomes for depression(n = 1), meeting social needs in the short term ( n = 2), psy-chological health for RA and COPD (n = 2), health status orquality of life for COPD or chronic heart failure ( n = 3) forpatients who received the interv entions of interest. Positiveoutcomes on physical health were found only for moder-ate-to-severe RA and COPD (n = 2of11).Theinterventionscommonly included goal setting, energy conservation, jointprotection, exercise, assistive devices and coping strategies,and were applied in groups or individually.Authors’ conclusions: Evidence indicates that occupationaltherapy interventions can improve occupational perfor-mance, health, and quality of life for people with chronicdiseases such as RA, COPD, chronic heart failure anddepression.Contact details of original author: handc@mcmaster.caEsther SteultjensCAPs Advisory Board MemberEmail: Esther.Steultjens@han.nl

Second Nature: Improving Occupational Performance in People With Dementia Through Role-Based, Task-Specific Training

Second Nature: Improving Occupational Performance in People With Dementia Through Role-Based, Task-Specific Training

Effectiveness of Interventions Designed to Modify and Maintain Perceptual Abilities in People With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias

An evidence-based review was undertaken to answer the question, "What is the evidence for the effect of interventions designed to modify and maintain perceptual abilities on the occupational performance of people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias?" A systematic search of electronic databases and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria guided the selection of 31 articles. Each article was critically appraised, and the evidence was synthesized. Some interventions use remaining perceptual abilities to enable people to find their way in a facility and decrease attempts at exiting. Preliminary evidence has supported use of visual stimulation and barriers. We found some evidence for the use of auditory stimuli and group therapy that aim to change perceptual abilities. Research with high-level evidence is required to validate these findings. Evidence on the benefits of Snoezelen is not conclusive for occupational performance outcomes; further research to justify its use as an occupational therapy intervention may be warranted.