Occupational Performance History Interview Research Articles

Assessing occupational participation among justice-involved people ‘with a personality disorder’: Quantitative assessments and their properties

Introduction: There is little evidence for what influences occupational participation for justice-involved people ‘with a personality disorder’ living in community contexts, and no validated occupational participation assessments specific to this group. We assessed a sample of justice-involved people ‘with a personality disorder’ to ascertain what influences occupational participation using commonly applied assessments and evaluated their construct validity. Method: As part of a mixed-methods study, a purposive sample of 18 justice-involved people ‘with a personality disorder’ were scored on the Model of Human Occupational Screening Tool and Occupational Performance History Interview–Version Two scales. Mean scores were calculated per Model of Human Occupational Screening Tool (MOHOST) item and Occupational Performance History Interview–Version Two (OPHI-II) items and scales and compared to published data. Mann–Whitney U Tests were used to identify within-sample differences based on demographic characteristics. Results: Participants had low scores on MOHOST items and OPHI-II items and scales. Differences were identified compared to published data. Within-sample differences were most apparent in comparisons by employment status and ethnicity. The OPHI-II scales did not operate as intended with this population and recommended adjustments impacted its construct validity. Conclusion: Replication is required with a larger random sample. Integrating these data with qualitative exploration would further elucidate factors influencing occupational participation in this population.

Relationship between Occupational Identity Post-Stroke and Outcomes of a Self-Management Participation-Focused Intervention: A Preliminary Investigation

Self-management programs are used to assist stroke survivors to manage their condition and participation. This study was designed to examine correlations between occupational identity and outcomes of participation-focused self-management program using the Occupational Performance History Interview for the occupational identity and participation and self-efficacy as outcome measures. Spearman’s rho correlations were calculated between occupational Identity and the program’s outcomes. Results showed moderate significant positive correlations with self-efficacy for self-management and self-efficacy for participation scales at baseline; few were found at post-intervention and follow-up. Non-significant correlations were found between occupational identity and the change in outcome measures from baseline to post-intervention and to follow-up. Findings suggest occupational identity is strongly related to self-efficacy after stroke, and less related to intervention outcomes. However, other factors may possibly affect the effectiveness of self-management programs for a stroke population. Exploration of these factors might help develop programs better tailored to each stroke survivor.

An examination of the psychometric properties of the occupational identity questionnaire for community-living elderly who require care.

IntroductionAuthors created an Occupational Identity Questionnaire Provisional version (OIQ-P) to assess occupational identity for elderly individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the OIQ-P.MethodsParticipants included 135 (42 males) elderly who lived locally and required care or support. OIQ-P was evaluated in terms of structural validity, criterion validity and internal consistency.ResultsBased on the results of an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, an OIQ with a factor structure of 3 factors and 14 items was created. Rasch rating scale model revealed that 14 participants and 1 item did not fit the goodness of fit, nevertheless, the overall result was good. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient indicates that there was a law correlation between OIQ and the occupational identity scale of the Occupational Performance History Interview Version 2. In terms of internal consistency, the person separation index and person separation reliability coefficient were 2.30 and 0.84, respectively.ConclusionThis study confirmed the structural validity, criterion validity and internal consistency for the OIQ. To enhance the clinical utility of the OIQ, it is necessary to examine the interpretability and conduct an intervention study using the OIQ.

Occupational experiences of college students with ADHD: A qualitative study

Background College students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) face difficulties with occupational performance in many functional domains. Despite the broad literature on academic and psychosocial functions, there is a gap in knowledge regarding how these students experience participation in their various daily functions. Objective Gaining a deeper understanding of the occupational experiences of college students with ADHD and exploring factors that facilitate or impede their occupational performance. Method Twenty college students with ADHD were interviewed using the Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI-II). Qualitative content analysis was employed. Results Six themes were found in relation to varied occupational domains: (1) Eating and meal preparation: Too little or too much; (2) Sleep: Not enough to ‘recharge batteries’; (3) Medication management: Intense ambivalence; (4) Studying: Too hard, too effortful (5) Work: Need it and love it; and (6) Leisure: Desired yet absent. Each theme contained categories related to factors that influenced performance. Impeding factors included occupational demands, ADHD biological attributes, and personal beliefs. Facilitating factors included self-awareness, executive strategies, adaptive routines, and enabling social context. Conclusions College students with ADHD experience profound difficulties in occupational performance, yet variation occurs across domains, attributable to occupational, biological, psychological, and social factors. Results can inform tailored interventions supporting occupational performance in this population.

Performance of Everyday Occupations and Perceived Health of Spouses of Men With Spinal Cord Injury at Discharge and 6 Months Later.

An exploratory longitudinal study. (a) Compare the occupational performance, and life satisfaction of spouses of men with SCI with those of spouses of healthy men, (b) compare the occupational performance, perceived health, and life satisfaction of spouses of men with SCI at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and 6 months postdischarge; and (c) assess whether the functioning levels of men with SCI and the perceived mental health of the spouse, correlate with her occupational performance. Spouses of men with spinal cord injury (SCI) report having symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, their ability to choose everyday occupations and perform them satisfactorily (occupational performance) was less studied. Fifteen women spouses of men with SCI and 15 women spouses of healthy men participated. Study measures included four self-report questionnaires and the Occupational Performance History Interview that was analyzed quantitatively and measured occupational performance by three components: occupational identity, competence, and settings. Occupational performance and life satisfaction of caregivers were lower than those of spouses of healthy men and did not significantly change over 6 months. However, they had higher scores on physical, mental, and general health 6 months postdischarge than at discharge. Mental health of the spouse correlated with her occupational identity. It is recommended that rehabilitation intervention focus not only on patients with SCI, but also on their healthy spouses to promote their occupational performance, health, and well-being. 3.

Occupational Identity, Competence, and Environments Among Adults With and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Exploring occupational adaptation among adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is essential due to associated occupational difficulties. Occupational Performance History Interview scales—identity, competence, and environments—were compared between 51 adults with and 50 without ADHD who participated in occupations. Internal and external resources supporting occupational participations were represented by the competence and environment scales, respectively. The group with ADHD reported fewer internal and external occupational resources compared to the group without ADHD, despite occupational identity similarities. Study findings suggest that occupational interventions aimed at increasing internal and external occupational resources may support occupational adaptation among adults with ADHD.

Occupational identity of adolescents with ADHD: A mixed methods study

Background: Occupational identity (OI) is shaped by occupational experiences over time and has been studied among individuals with a variety of health conditions. Adolescents with ADHD face numerous challenges in their occupational performance that may threaten their OI.Objective: This study sought to compare the occupational identities of adolescents with and without ADHD and to gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of OI among adolescents with ADHD.Methods: Sixty-four adolescents with (n = 21) and without ADHD (n = 43) were interviewed using the Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI-II). A mixed methodology was applied, using quantitative and subsequent qualitative content analyses of 10 interviews, with a directed approach.Results: OPHI-II OI interval scores and 7/11 items of the OI scale were significantly lower in the ADHD group compared to controls. In the qualitative content analyses, three major themes were found: (i) the meaning of success in academic participation, (ii) the consequences of not succeeding in academic participation and (iii) self-explanations for not succeeding in academic participation.Conclusion: Findings demonstrate the presence of OI challenges among adolescents with ADHD. Occupational therapy intervention may be needed in order to promote occupational adaptation.

Ascribing Meaning to Occupation: An Example From Healthy, Working Mothers.

Ascribing meaning to occupation is a multifaceted process. Understanding this process is illusive, yet fundamental to theory and practice. The objective is to describe the meaning that mothers ascribe to their occupations. A secondary analysis was conducted with data from a convenience sample of 35 Israeli mothers, ages 25 to 45 years. Data were collected using the Occupational Performance History Interview as part of a larger study. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and content analysis applied. Two main categories emerged: the meaning of "giving" (investing values) and the meaning of "receiving" (ensuring needs are met). Values such as responsibility require mothers to do occupations they find less desirable than others associated with the mothering role. The study illustrates how values and needs are intertwined to contribute to the meaning of occupation. Moreover, meaningful occupations can be undesirable but doing them arises from the values that drive mothers to fulfill this role.

AB1177-HPR Occupational Characterization in A Cohort of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients – Correlation with Disease Activity and Functional Status

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease that in most cases is associated with disability and loss of earning capacity. There is a lack of information about occupation of rheumatoid arthritis...

SAT0582-HPR Occupational Characterization and Relation between Working Condition and Disease Activity or Functionality in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease that in most cases is associated with disability and loss of earning capacity. There is a lack of information about occupation of rheumatoid arthritis...

FRI0483-HPR Occupational characterization and relation between working condition and disease activity or functionality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease that in most cases is associated with disability and loss of earning capacity. There is a lack of information about occupation of rheumatoid arthritis...

AB0846-HPR Independence in daily life activities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and correlation with personal causation, disease activity and functionality

BackgroundIndependence in daily life activities (DLA) is the capability to perform every procedure in adequate time and without any help. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients functionality is reduced and usually...

AB0845-HPR Impact of occupational therapy treatment in daily life activities dependence in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients

BackgroundOccupational Therapy’s (OT) intervention has as a principal objective to get or to maintain independence and functionality in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Independence in daily life activities (DLA) is...

FRI0486-HPR Personal causation and spare time use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and relationship with age and functionality

BackgroundPersonal causation is defined as motivation and desire to do daily life activities and it is affected by disease derived functional decline, psychological and social problems. Spare time utilization is...

Improved Occupational Performance of Young Adults with a Physical Disability After a Vocational Rehabilitation Intervention

The purpose of this study was to investigate into more detail how occupational performance of participants of a 1-year multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation intervention changed over time, using a broad focus on three areas of occupational performance, addressing work, as well as self-care and leisure. In addition, we explored differences between employed and unemployed persons. In a pre-post-intervention design, changes in occupational performance, addressing work, self-care and leisure, were evaluated using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI-II). Eleven young adults (median 22 years) with physical disabilities participated. Post-intervention, participants experienced fewer problems and showed improved occupational performance in work, as well as self-care and leisure, and improved satisfaction with performance. Participants also showed improved occupational identity and occupational competence, and total scores on OPHI-II. Participants who did not achieve employment did not differ in demographic characteristics. They experienced problems in all three areas of occupational performance at pre-intervention, and more difficulty in interacting in occupational settings (environment). Post-intervention, their levels of occupational identity, competence and settings were similar to those of employed persons. Participants showed improved occupational performance after the intervention. The goal of employment and the broad integrated approach of the intervention seemed to motivate participants to resolve problems in work, as well as self-care and leisure. Unemployed persons faced problems in all three areas of occupational performance at start. Although they seemed to catch up during the intervention, they did not achieve employment within 1 year.

Participating in diagnostic experience: Adults with neuropsychiatric disorders

Knowledge regarding neuropsychiatric disabilities has increased in recent years, resulting in an increasing number of adults requesting neuropsychiatric evaluation. The aim of this qualitative study was to describe adult clients' experiences of participating actively in a supportive assessment process in which they received a diagnosis of either autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and then received follow-up counselling, guidance, and compensatory resources that were immediate and directly integrated into the diagnostic experience. The Occupational Performance History Interview – Second Version (OPHI-II) was selected because it is client-centred. It measures how a significant life event affects a person's occupational identity, occupational competence, and interaction with the environment. The OPHI-II was administered to capture 15 participants' experiences of being diagnosed with ASD and/or ADHD as the significant life event of focus. Three categories were formed by using qualitative content analysis: (i) strengthened occupational identity; (ii) compensatory support enhances occupational competence, and (iii) effects of the social environment on relationships. Findings indicated that the diagnostic experience had transformative effects on participants' occupational identities, occupational competence, and ability to self-advocate for increased understanding and resources within their environments. The implications of these findings and future research are discussed.

Time Use in Forensic Psychiatry: A Naturalistic Inquiry into Two Forensic Patients in Australia

This study presents the time use for two Australian forensic patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and in custody for violent offenses across two institutional environments. During the course of the study, both participants were moved from a prison environment to a newly built secure mental health unit, and data was collected for both sites. The study was conducted as a naturalistic inquiry. Data was collected using a 48-hour time diary, semi-structured interview, the Occupational Performance History Interview II, observation of the environment, a review of policies governing the two settings and a staff focus group with four health professionals. The prison environment was marked by social isolation, occupational imbalance, engagement in delusionally driven activities, and an overall sense of fear and danger. While these themes were not as prevalent at the new unit, the participants’ lives were still dominated by sleeping, passive leisure activities, and restricted access to normal activities of daily living. Other findings from this study suggests that understanding each forensic patient's individual occupational history and illness experience is essential to fully understanding their current time use, and its relationship to health promoting occupational engagement. Both the OPHI-II and the time diaries proved to be effective tools in gathering information to fully understand the person's lived experience.

The impact of becoming a father on other roles: An ethnographic study

Study Objectives: To look at the transition to becoming a father and the impact on other roles. Methods: A focused ethnography was undertaken for which a semi‐structured interview protocol was prepared based on the Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI‐II) and issues highlighted in the literature. In‐depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 4 Australian men and their partners who had all become first time parents during the previous year. Interviews were audio taped, transcribed, categorized, unitized, and examined for emerging themes. Triangulation included member checking and review by an independent researcher. Results: Although some of the themes that emerged were consistent with many of the findings in the literature there were some distinct differences: these men's occupational roles did change substantially after the birth of their first child and the importance of their working role also shifted. The themes that emerged included: becoming a father, role re‐negotiation, worker role, domestic roles, leisure role, loss of sleep, couple time, adopting the father role and facilitators and barriers to adopting their new occupational role ‘father’. Limitations: This is an exploratory study with a small sample of convenience. All of the participants were parents of girls and of Anglo European descent. No longitudinal data was collected.

A quantitative analysis of self‐rated health and occupational aspects of community‐dwelling older adults

This study investigated relationships between self‐rated health and variables concerning pre‐retirement occupation, type of dwelling, and religious involvement in community‐domiciled older adults. Data were collected from 230 men and women, aged 60 and over, using a modified version of the Occupational Performance History Interview. Significant outcomes included an inverse relationship between self‐rated health and age, a higher health rating for house (i.e. multi storey) compared with bungalow dwellers, and a positive relationship between health and approximate seniority of preretirement occupation. Additionally, the analyses revealed that significantly more women than men reported involvement with religion. These findings add to the data previously obtained on productivity and leisure occupations. As the population of retirees increases, it is important that those involved in the care of older adults, as well as older people themselves, have as much information as possible to ensure that life in senescence is rewarding, productive, and satisfying.

Exploring Occupational Adaptation through the Lives of Women with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects people's physical capabilities and the lives of people with MS are constantly changing (Finlayson et al 2005), yet how people adapt to the disease from an occupational perspective has received little attention. This study explored the occupational adaptation of women with MS. Seven women with MS were recruited from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Ireland. Each participant completed the Modified Interest Checklist (Kielhofner and Neville 1983), the Role Checklist (Oakley et al 1985) and the Occupational Questionnaire (Smith et al 1986). Qualitative data were also collected, using the Occupational Performance History Interview – II (Kielhofner et al 2004). The findings from all four tools were amalgamated and analysed. Three main themes emerged: the impact of MS on (i) performance capacity, (ii) roles and (iii) interests. The participants adapted by performing interests and roles differently and developing new meaningful interests and roles that were congruent with their performance capacity. The findings highlight the importance of having an understanding of the impact of different types of MS on the occupational adaptation process. A greater understanding will facilitate occupational therapists in enabling people with MS to adapt to their condition by engaging in meaningful occupations throughout the lifespan.