Mental health problems among workers are important issues. While preventing such problems is crucial, it is also imperative to understand the potential positive transformation that can arise from work-related stressful events, especially considering that many workers have already experienced severe stress and that eliminating stress in the workplace is essentially impossible. This study focused on posttraumatic growth (PTG), the leading concept in capturing such positive transformation, and developed a PTG scale for workers (PTGS-W). Given that the original PTG scale was not developed with a focus on workplace or organizational settings, a scale adequately assessing workers’ PTG is necessary to provide important insights for occupational health practice and future research. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, items were developed via an inductive method, and exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors. Each factor had sufficient internal consistency and demonstrated significant associations with the PTG-related scales. In Study 2, item response theory was applied to evaluate the psychometric properties of the items and to select items, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), to test the hypothesis factor structure developed in Study 1. The CFA results indicated that the four-factor model fit well and provided support for the hypothesis. A 4-factor, 18-item scale was ultimately established. The results indicated that the PTGS-W exhibited satisfactory reliability and convergent validity. Additionally, significant associations were found between work engagement and job crafting, although some scales for the negative state yielded no association or a limited association. The strengths and limitations of the PTGS-W are discussed.