Occupational Burnout Syndrome Research Articles

Burnout and Life Satisfaction among Healthcare Workers Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic (Silesia, Poland).

The phenomenon of burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic is a widespread problem with several negative consequences for the healthcare system. The many stressors of the pandemic have led to an increased development of anxiety and depressive disorders in many healthcare workers. In addition, some manifested symptoms of the so-called postpandemic stress syndrome and the emergence of occupational burnout syndrome, commonly referred to as "COVID-19 burnout." The aim of this study was to assess the burnout and life satisfaction of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted in 2020-2022 among medical staff working in hospitals in Silesia, Poland. The instruments used to assess life satisfaction and burnout were the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which assesses three dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DEP), and sense of reduced professional accomplishment (SRPA). The study group included 900 participants. There were 300 physicians (mean age 38 ± 7 years), 300 nurses (mean age 35 ± 6 years), and 300 paramedics (mean age 31 ± 5 years). Life satisfaction as measured by the SWLS was lowest among nurses and paramedics in 2021 and among doctors in 2022. Male respondents and those with fewer years of work had higher levels of life satisfaction. People with more years of work had higher scores in EE and DEP and lower scores in SRPA (p = 0.001). We found a negative correlation between life satisfaction and EE (p = 0.001), DEP (p = 0.001), and SRPA (p = 0.002). The results highlight the need for further research into the causes of burnout among medical professionals and the need for effective interventions to promote well-being and prevent burnout in this group.

SDMS CME Credit – Incidence and Cause of Occupational Burnout Syndrome Among Sonographers

SDMS CME Credit – Incidence and Cause of Occupational Burnout Syndrome Among Sonographers

Occupational burnout syndrome in the nursing staff of the Parrita health area, Puntarenas, Costa Rica

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia del síndrome de desgaste ocupacional en los funcionarios del Departamento de Enfermería del Área de Salud de Parrita de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social durante el año 2023. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo trasversal. Se aplicó el instrumento denominado Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) validado al español a 40 trabajadores de la salud. Se calculó la prevalencia del síndrome de desgaste ocupacional y se analizaron sus tres dimensiones: cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal. También se realizó correlación estadística entre la presencia de indicios del síndrome y las variables incluidas en el estudio. Resultados: la prevalencia de funcionarios con indicios del síndrome de desgaste ocupacional identificada fue 47,5%. El 42,5% de los funcionarios presentaron afectación en dimensión de realización personal, 7,5% en la despersonalización y 5,0% en cansancio emocional. No se identificó relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables incluidas en el estudio y la presencia de indicios de este síndrome. Conclusión: existe una prevalencia elevada de indicios del síndrome de desgaste ocupacional en el personal del Departamento de Enfermería del Área de Salud de Parrita, evidenciado principalmente en la dimensión de la realización personal.

Occupational burnout syndrome in physical therapists before and during covid 19: A systematic review

Introduction: The emergence of COVID-19, a viral pandemic, has significantly affected people at , many levels of their lives and especially their psychological state, an important factor in the emergence of Occupational Burnout Syndrome. Burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals is a global issue that affects both their health and performance and therefore the effective exercise of their function. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the occurrence rate of Occupational Burnout Syndrome (OBS) in physical therapists before and during the onset of COVID-19 and their comparison. Method: The international databases PubMed and Google scholar were searched in the English language with keywords “burnout syndrome AND physiotherapist AND COVID-19”. The article search was performed from October 2022 to December 2022. 11 open access journal research articles published from 2017 to 2022 were selected. The data collected were presented in the form of texts and tables using of Excel. Results: Eleven clinical studies were included in this review that applied a total of 1750 physical therapists. Of this sample, 861 were physical therapists in clinical studies conducted before COVID-19, while the remaining 889 were physical therapists in clinical studies that took into account the existence of COVID-19. It was observed that the rate of change in occurrence of SEE was 31.18%, with the SEE rate being increased in the second sample mentioned above. Conclusions: No other systematic review comparing specific data between physical therapists has been observed. However, since the clinical studies used for the period after the onset of COVID-19 are numerically fewer compared to those before the outbreak, and because only freely accessible articles were used, we cannot rely exclusively on the results of specific review.

Emotional burden in social professions and its implications – presentation of own research results against a literature review

The article presents an overview of emotional burdens that are typical of social professions, along with their causes, protective factors, and health implications. Particular attention is given to the demands associated with social interactions occurring between those helping and those asking for help, which are expressed by interpersonal communication. The subject matter is discussed using examples from the work environment of health care workers and staff at emergency call centres. The results of own research are compared with the findings of other current studies. The introduction presents information on the sources of emotional burden experienced by health care employees, taking into account the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The requirements associated with interpersonal communication are discussed using the concept of emotional labour. In the following part, the adverse consequences of emotional labour ‒ such as occupational burnout syndrome and health problems ‒ are discussed. They are illustrated with the results of our own study. The problems identified fall within two main domains. First, relationships linking emotional labour to the levels of empathy, work engagement, and professional burnout are examined. The second issue encompasses the predictors of job burnout including the demands of the work environment, marital status, and childcare burden, as well as personal resources in the form of the levels of perceived stress, generalised self-efficacy, and active hobbies. Negative changes pertaining to the levels of helplessness, burnout, and overweight and obesity relating to work during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic are also presented. The final part includes a summary and conclusions.

Incidence and Cause of Occupational Burnout Syndrome Among Sonographers

Objective: To investigate the level of occupational burnout syndrome in a cohort of sonographers and to determine any associations between sex, number of hours worked per week, and burnout. Materials and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional approach that replicated the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and surveyed a convenience sample of sonographers who are members of the Society for Diagnostic Medical Sonography. Results: The study survey offered the total scores of occupational burnout, disengagement, and exhaustion, with a potential minimum score of 16 and a maximum score of 64. The results yielded a minimum score of 17 and a maximum score of 64. The mean score was 43.11 (SD = 7.02), indicating a moderate level of burnout. Conclusion: This cohort of sonographers demonstrated moderate levels of burnout, so it is important to acknowledge that preventing occupational burnout is necessary to ensure that workplace stress is managed to avoid significant issues. Further research is needed to assess how occupational burnout syndrome affects retention in the profession.

Zjawisko wypalenia zawodowego wśród pracowników Kasy Rolniczego Ubezpieczenia Społecznego zajmujących się windykacją nienależnie pobranych świadczeń Occupational burnout phenomenon among the employees of the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund involved in collection of unduly drawn benefits

This paper presents a set of externalities and internalities which determine the behaviour and quality of tasks performed by public officers in the context of early occupational burnout syndrome following the experience of the author and of the employees of the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS). Investigated is the impact of said factors on the level of adverse stress among employees dealing with selected issues associated with the recovery of monies under unduly drawn pension and disability benefits, sickness and care allowances, as well as other benefits for farmers and their family members, and consequently, impacting early occupational burnout in this occupational group of office staff. This paper draws from the literature, the outcome of an interview with KRUS employees, as well as from their long-standing experience and selected methods of coping with stress at work. The paper aims to set forth solutions to prevent early occupational burnout among public officers.

Analysis of the sense of occupational stress and burnout syndrome among physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic

The nature of physiotherapists’ work involves an increased risk of occupational stress and burnout, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyse the level of perceived generalised stress, the occupational stress and the occupational burnout syndrome among physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred seventy professionally active physiotherapists participated in the study: 100—during the pandemic and 70 before the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was carried out using the authors’ survey, the Subjective Work Assessment Questionnaire (SWAQ), the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Mini-COPE) inventory. The physiotherapists examined prior to the pandemic exhibited a higher level of generalised stress and higher level of occupational stress and occupational burnout (p = 0.0342; p < 0.00001; p < 0.00001, respectively). The key factors which caused intensified occupational stress in both groups included the lack of rewards at work, social interaction, and the lack of support. The results suggest that healthcare professionals including physiotherapists are exposed to occupational stress and a high risk of occupational burnout, not only during the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational stress prevention programmes should be based on the identification and elimination of all occupational risks.

From Neuroimaging to Computational Modeling of Burnout: The Traditional versus the Fuzzy Approach—A Review

Occupational burnout, manifested by emotional exhaustion, lack of a sense of personal achievement, and depersonalization, is not a new phenomenon, but thusfar, there is no clear definition or diagnostic guidelines. The aim of this article wasto summarize all empirical studies to date that have used medical neuroimaging techniques to provide evidence or links regarding changes in brain function in occupational burnout syndrome from a neuroscientific perspective, and then use these to propose a fuzzy-based computational model of burnout.A comprehensive literature search was conducted in two major databases (PubMed and Medline Complete). The search period was 2006–2021, and searches were limited to the English language. Each article was carefully reviewed and appropriately selected on the basis of raw data, validity of methods used, clarity of results, and scales for measuring burnout. The results showed that the brain structures of patients with job burnout that are associated with emotion, motivation, and empathy weresignificantly different from healthy controls. These altered brain regions included the thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, striatum, dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, inferior frontal cingulate cortex, middle frontal cingulate cortex, temporoparietal junction, and grey matter. Deepening our understanding of how these brain structures are related to burnout will pave the way for better approaches fordiagnosis and intervention. As an alternative to the neuroimaging approach, the paper presents a late proposal of the PLUS (personal living usual satisfaction) parameter. It is based on a fuzzy model, wherein the data source is psychological factors—the same or similar to the neuroimaging approach. As the novel approach to searching for neural burnout mechanisms, we have shown that computational models, including those based on fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks, can play an important role in inferring and predicting burnout. Effective computational models of burnout are possible but need further development to ensure accuracy across different populations. There is also a need to identify mechanisms and clinical indicators of chronic fatigue syndrome, stress, burnout, and natural cognitive changes associated with, for example, ageing, in order to introduce more effective differential diagnosis and screening.

Trends in Psychological Distress and Burnout Syndrome among Healthcare Workers due to COVID-19

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant physical and mental tension among frontline workers globally. Poor working conditions, lack of protective personal equipment (PPE), short-staffed departments, medication shortage, depleted hospital beds, and ventilators have had a direct correlation with occupational burnout syndrome (BOS) and psychological distress among frontline healthcare workers (HCW) and their physical and mental well-being. The limitless hours on shift, the abundant number of daily cases, and the upturn of fatalities have contributed to the stressors among HCWs during this pandemic. In this paper, we will examine the occupational burnout syndrome and the psychological distress among HCWs working frontline during the pandemic. Also, the paper will explore whether there is a correlation between occupational burnout syndrome, mental and psychological distress, and COVID-19. The goal of this research is to acquire and establish if there had been an increase in anxiety and other mental health concerns as well as burnout levels for workers impacted by COVID-19. Categories explored will entail anxiety levels, mental and physical strains of working long hours, working under subpar conditions with limited PPE and patient rooms, and fear of exposure to the virus. Throughout the pandemic, many cases of tragic suicidal deaths have emerged. Consequently, attention to the well-being of healthcare professionals (HCPs) across the world has become imperative to adequately support and monitor. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (DSM-5) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Medical Personnel (MBI-MP) are tools used by psychiatrists to diagnose and treat mental health such as burnout syndrome and psychological distress levels which also encompasses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mass traumatic events (MTE). Studies have shown a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms, anxiety, fear, depression, and frustration in emergency professionals involved in the COVID-19 pandemic. Through various studies, we will demonstrate how the pandemic has affected frontline workers' mental and psychological well-being as well as how inadequate working conditions and long working hours lead to occupational burnout syndrome. Results will show how healthcare workers are feeling unaccomplished, second-guessing their clinical decisions, defeated, and mentally and physically drained. It is expected that subpar working conditions will continue to deteriorate the physical and mental well-being of HCWs on the frontline as the number of COVID-19 cases continue globally even after three years since its inception.

Assessment of burnout levels among anesthesiologists and anesthesiology technicians in Kosovo: A cross-sectional study.

Anaesthesiology practitioners experience extraordinary pressure and stress in their daily work. The purpose of this research is to assess the occupational factors and burnout syndrome among anaesthesiologists and anaesthesiology technicians in Kosovo. This is a cross-sectional study carried out on a sample of 154 (out of 220) anaesthesiologists and anaesthesiology technicians in Kosovo. We collected the data using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Occupational Role Stressors Scale. The mean ± SD age of the study sample was 42.5 ±8.7 years, and 57% of them were working more than 40h per week. A high level of burnout in terms of depersonalization (DP) was found among 48 of anaesthesiologists and anaesthesiology technicians, 26 had high level of emotional exhaustion (EE). EE and DP showed significant positive correlation with work overload, managerial responsibility role, and overall occupational stress (p <0.05). Female anaesthesiologists and anaesthesiology technicians showed higher score of personal achievement (PA) compared to males (p <0.05). Approximately one-third of Kosovar anaesthesiologists and anaesthesiology technicians showed high level of burnout and it is rising as work overload and the role of managerial responsibility increases. Increasing the number of employed anaesthesiologists and anaesthesiology technicians in health institutions in Kosovo will lead to a better workload distribution and lower burnout syndrome.

Influence of the occupational burnout syndrome on the work attractiveness among social workers

The objective of this article is to study and analyze the influence of burnout syndrome on the "work attractiveness" in social workers. For the purposes of the analysis, an empirical study was conducted among 170 social workers from 142 social services in Bulgaria. The data from the study confirmed though partially but statistically significant, the dependence of work attractiveness on the parameters of the occupational burnout syndrome in the professional social work practice. The following tendencies have been outlined: - Influence of the “occupational burnout syndrome” in the part of emotional exhaustion on the work attractiveness. The high level of emotional exhaustion does not presuppose low work attractiveness, just the opposite. - Influence of the “occupational burnout syndrome” in the part of emotional exhaustion on the probability of leaving. The dependency between the high emotional exhaustion and the low work dissatisfaction precondition a higher probability of leaving. - Influence of the “occupational burnout syndrome” in the part reduction of personal achievements on the work attractiveness. The high reduction determines the higher level of occupational dissatisfaction. Our study shows that specification of social work depends both on the conditions of labor and the personal qualities of the social workers.

Reporting Adverse Drug Events in Drug Administration Process among Nursing Personnel

Introduction. Adverse events (AE) in the process of pharmacotherapy can have direct consequences on the health and life of a patient. Factors leading to AE are categorized in human and systematic ones. Among the latter ones, the most important are significant shortages of nursing staff as well as stress, fatigue and the Occupational Burnout Syndrome. Reporting of AE is a crucial pillar of prevention of adverse events in drug administration in nursing.&#x0D; Aim. The aim of the study was to identify and analyse the factors leading to adverse events in the pharmocotherapy process and to present methods of prevention AE.&#x0D; Material and Methods. The research was lead among 100 hospital nurses from Pomeranian region. A research and research questionnaire was based on the study “Attitudes and beliefs of health services about the causes and reporting of treatment errors in the British intensive care unit”. The project was conducted between January to April 2020.&#x0D; Results. Detailed analysis showed that the most important factors influencing the occurrence of adverse events in the drug administration are: nurses shortage (14%), stress and burnout syndrome (11%), incorrect labelling (13%). 85% of medical personnel are convinced that it is essential to monitor the situation of adverse events in drug administration. The Kruskal–Wallis test did not confirm the existence of a relationship between the: occurrence of adverse events in the area of pharmacotherapy and age (K – W = 0; p = 1), level of education (K – W = 3.6328; p = 0.3039) and work experience of the surveyed respondents (K – W = 0.3651484; p = 0.5457). Similarly, no significant relationships were found between the occurrence of adverse events and the department profile (K – W = 0.330; p = 0.5652).&#x0D; Conclusions. The level of education, professional experience and age are not significantly related to making mistakes in the area of drug administration; the factors that significantly affect the occurrence of AD in the area of drug administration are: reduced nursing staff on duty, performing one’s duties under stress and time pressure, insufficient variety of labels on medicinal products; the best method of prevention in the area of drug management and administration is the presence of a reporting and monitoring system; the was the majority of nurses reported the occurrence of a drug-related adverse event to the rest of the therapeutic team. (JNNN 2022;11(2):65–73).

Occupational stress and burnout syndrome in medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (literature review)

Introduction. In the face of the risk of occupational infection with COVID-19 through direct contact with the source of the disease, the mental stress of medical workers involved in providing care to patients during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection has increased. Materials and methods. The paper presents an analysis of the literature on the problem of professional burnout syndrome among medical workers, presented in the Scientific Electronic Library eLibrary, as well as in the English-language text database of medical and biological publications PubMed. The analysis of foreign literature showed the relevance of this problem, primarily for medical workers in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. The novel coronavirus infection pandemic is associated with many causes and factors that can adversely affect the formation and development of professional burnout among medical workers in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: high workload, lack and shortage of PPE, threat and risk of contracting a new coronavirus infection, social isolation, insufficiency (at the first stage) of accumulated knowledge about a new little-studied disease.

The impact of burnout syndrome among medical students - meta-analysis

IntroductionThe medical profession is associated with high requirements and responsibilities, and high rates of burnout have been reported in the medical literature.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to provide a detailed systematic review, focused on the impact of occupational burnout syndrome among medical students. A detailed perspective of existing instruments which are the psychometric properties and a meta-analysis of the average values of those three subscales of the most commonly applied tool - Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS).Methods The meta-analysis was performed based on the available data on burnout rates in medical students measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) method. In order to define the eligibility criteria for finding the relevant literature, the PICO method - the “population-intervention-comparison-result” approach was used.ResultsThe sample sizes included ranged from n = 73 to 4050 students. Mean values (M) ranged from 12.94 to 28.26 for emotional exhaustion and from 7.30 to 13.43 for depersonalization. M for personal achievement ranged from 31.3 to 38.07. Weighted averages and standard deviations were M = 22.93 (SD = 10.25) for emotional exhaustion, M = 8.88 (SD = 5.64) for depersonalization, and M = 35.11 (SD = 8.03) for self-accomplishment. The included studies reported different prevalence rates with burnout rates ranging from 7.0% to 75.2%. The prevalence rate of burnout measured by MBI-HSS varied between 10.0% and 63.4%.ConclusionsThe meta-analytical aggregation of eligible studies showed high values of “emotional exhaustion”, “depersonalization” and “self-accomplishment”.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Occupational burnout syndrome in pharmaceutical workers

Introduction. It has been confirmed by a number of foreign and domestic studies, that occupational burnout (OB) is a common phenomenon among medical and pharmaceutical workers. Scientific and practical interest to the study of the causes of OB is due to the specific features of pharmaceutical industry, which associated with the daily communication of pharmacy employees with a large number of visitors who seek for their professional advice. Material and methods. The Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, adapted for pharmaceutical workers, was used to assess the level of OB and to identify factors that could contribute to it’s development. The study involved employees of pharmaceutical institutions from the Tomsk (TR) and the Novosibirsk (NR) regions as well as from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - RS (Ya). Results. OB signs were fpound to be typical for pharmaceutical specialists in all tested regions, while more than 1/3 of the respondents have a high degree of this syndrome. The highest degree of OB is common among pharmaceutical workers in the TR, where emotional exhaustion by an integral indicator is expressed in 42.5% of respondents. In the RS(Ya) and the NR, the average degree is observed - in 62.5% and 60.5% of respondents, respectively. At the same time, the indicators of personal achievement reduction are expressed to a low degree: most specialists are able to find the right solutions in conflict situations, adequately cope with emotional problems, and understand and feel their colleagues well. Limitations. When studying occupational burnout among pharmaceutical workers of pharmaceutical institutions in the TR and NR as well as RS (Ya), the total 85 questionnaires were evaluated. Discussion. The obtained data showed differences in the OB severity among pharmaceutical specialists depending on the region. The main factors contributing to the development of OB include the age and length of service, the level of education, the reason for selecting an occupation and the presence of children. Satisfaction with the chosen occupation depends upon the attitude of management towards employees and the level of salary that allows feeling financial independence. Conclusion. Thus, pharmaceutical employees are subject to burnout at work. This problem is a theoretical and practical interest with its goal to find opportunities to prevent the development of burnout and reduce its impact.

Stress-Inducing Factors vs. the Risk of Occupational Burnout in the Work of Nurses and Paramedics.

Introduction: Contemporary healthcare faces new challenges and expectations from society. The profession of a nurse, as well as a paramedic, is essential for the efficient functioning of healthcare. It has its importance not only in promoting and preserving health but also in prevention. With the increasing importance of providing medical care at the highest level, it is expected of these two professional groups to have more knowledge and skills than a few years earlier. The daily contact with patients and their families, the low level of control of the environment, the hierarchical system of professional dependence, and the dissatisfaction with remuneration are becoming extremely burdensome aspects of the nursing and paramedic professions. Long-term exposure to stressors associated with these medical professions may, in the long term, lead to the emergence of occupational burnout syndrome. The aim of this study is an attempt to answer the question of whether and how stress factors affect the occurrence of occupational burnout in the work of nurses and paramedics working in various medical entities. Material and Methods: The study covered a group of 434 respondents, including 220 nurses and 214 paramedics, working professionally in hospital departments and care and treatment facilities as well as in hospital emergency departments and ambulance services. The study was carried out using a diagnostic survey based on the questionnaire technique using the authors’ questionnaire and the standardized MBI Ch. Maslach. Two statistical values were used to statistically analyze the research results and verify the adopted hypotheses: the chi-square test and the Student’s t-test. Results and Conclusions: The current study showed that the phenomenon of occupational burnout among the studied group affects only nurses, while this problem does not apply to the studied paramedics. The main stressor among the nurses and paramedics is, above all, a very high level of responsibility. Nurses are overburdened by excessive demands and shift work, while paramedics are mostly burdened by an excess of duties. Both nurses and paramedics claim that their work is often stressful, which leads to physical and mental exhaustion.

Occupational burnout syndrome in the context of organization management

Occupational burnout syndrome in the context of organization management

Understanding the Occupational Burnout Experience of Medical Specialists at the Time of Education and Career Launch: A Case Study of the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Students and Residents of the Alekseev Psychiatric Hospital N1

BACKGROUND: Occupational burnout in the most general terms is seen as a long-lasting stressful situation resulting from continuing occupational stress of moderate intensity. AIM: The objective of this article is to provide analysis of occupational burnout in psychiatrists and nurses of psychiatric hospitals, and the development of occupational burnout in students and residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The level of occupational burnout was determined using the “Attitude to work and occupational burnout” test, Seashore Group Cohesion Index, Stolin’s Self-Concept Questionnaire, and the Freiburg Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (Freiburg Personality Inventory). The study proved the existence of patterns of occupational burnout in psychiatrists and nurses of psychiatric hospitals, as well as in students and residents. RESULTS: It has been revealed that the development of the burnout syndrome is influenced by personal qualities of psychiatrists and nurses (residents and students), and the managerial features of their activities, and that occupational burnout develops in psychiatrists and nurses over the course of their professional careers, but starts to emerge during their education. The score of the Integrative Burnout Index ranges from 48.99 in students of the [BLINDED] University to 23.52 in psychiatrists of the Alekseev Psychiatric Hospital N1. Occupational burnout syndrome is spread in medical students worldwide, with its level higher than in the overall population, in students of other specialties. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout at the stage of getting the education can hinder the professional development of students, expose patients to risk, and promote the development of various personality problems in future psychiatrists and nurses. The need of preventing professional burnout at the stage of obtaining a specialty has been substantiated.

Occupational stress and burnout syndrome among nurses: an integrative review of the literature

Occupational stress and burnout syndrome among nurses: an integrative review of the literature