Occupational Position Research Articles

Inequality Restructured: A Regional Comparison of the Occupational Position of Young People Before and After the Great Recession of 2008

Developments in the youth labour market are regularly framed as successful by the UK Government who argue that young people have a growing and vibrant jobs market. Sociological discourse has tended to focus on the growth in precarious work and the substantial decrease in the availability of employment for young people. Far less attention has been paid to the parallel issue of whether these changes are associated with shifts in occupational level. Yet occupational position remains one of the most powerful general indicators of life chances, social and material reward and status available. To examine how the occupational position of young people in the UK may have altered, this article focusses on two periods either side of the Great Recession (2005-7 and 2015-17). We find there has been a reduction in regional inequality in the level of jobs young men and women are doing. For young men, there has been a disproportionate loss of less advantaged occupations, raising the average occupational position in a number of regions. For women, the opposite trend has occurred; there has been a disproportionate loss of more advantaged occupations, leading to a general drop in the average advantage level.

Socioeconomic Position, Multimorbidity and Mortality in a Population Cohort: The HUNT Study.

Multimorbidity and socioeconomic position are independently associated with mortality. We investigated the association of occupational position and several multimorbidity measures with all-cause mortality. A cohort of people aged 35 to 75 years who participated in the Trøndelag Health Study in 2006–2008 and had occupational data was linked to the Norwegian National Population Registry for all-cause mortality from study entry until 1 February 2019. Logistic regression models for each occupational group were used to analyze associations between the number of conditions and 10-year risk of death. Cox regression models were used to examine associations between combinations of multimorbidity, occupational position, and mortality. Analyses were conducted for men and women. Included were 31,132 adults (16,950 women (54.4%)); occupational groups: high, 7501 (24.1%); low, 15,261 (49.0%)). Increased mortality was associated with lower occupational group, more chronic conditions, and all multimorbidity measures. The joint impact of occupational group and multimorbidity on mortality was greater in men than women. All multimorbidity measures are strongly associated with mortality, with varying occupational gradients. Social differences in multimorbidity are a public health challenge and necessitate consideration in health care. Men in lower occupational groups seem to be a particularly vulnerable group.

Evaluation of users' experience and posture in a rotated swivel seating configuration

Objective This study aims to evaluate a car passenger’s experience and actions in a rotated seat in terms of interaction with an adjacent passenger. Methods A static user study was conducted, using a stationary test vehicle with two front row seats facing rearwards. The seats were mounted on a swivel plate which allowed inboard rotation. Thirty-two participants in 16 test pairs were grouped based on stature; short or tall. The participants within each pair knew each other. Three seating configurations were evaluated; 0° and 10° and 20° inboard rotated position of both seats. The participants were seated in each seating configuration for 10 min; 5 min they engaged in a conversation with each other and 5 min they were watching media on an Ipad mounted in front of them. Subjective data from each participant on their experiences and preferences were collected through questionnaires, and objective data on sitting postures and eye gaze were collected through video recording. Results Ninety-two percent of the short participants preferred to sit in the 20° rotated seating configuration when watching media and 75% preferred the 20° seating configuration when engaged in conversation. Compared to short participants, the tall participants showed a relative larger spread in seating configuration preference; 15% and 30% of them preferred the reference position for media and conversation, respectively. Leg interference was common for tall participants when 20° inboard rotated. They perceived it uncomfortable and used various strategies to avoid contact, including crossing legs or feet. Time spent with mutual eye contact did not vary by seating configuration. Conclusions This static user study shows that rotated seats could be a desired seating configuration in future autonomous vehicles for individuals who know each other. It reveals the reasons behind the preferences and the extent of desired seat rotation, showing differences between tall and short individuals. By understanding how occupant position and posture can be influenced by offering various seating configurations, the occupant can choose a comfortable position that is also safe. The leg and feet positions are raised as the body region with most variations and for which an increased understanding of influence in a crash is encouraged.

Which Jobs Are Lost during a Lockdown? Evidence from Vacancy Postings in India

We rely on real-time data from one of India’s largest job portals (Shine.com) to study how COVID-19 (and the associated lockdown measures) impacted the Indian labor market. Detailed firm-level vacancy postings reveal a dramatic contraction in hiring: the number of firms posting jobs, and the number of new vacancies they list decline by 60% and 34%, respectively. Firms react to the lockdown by advertising more jobs that can be completed from home and fewer positions in occupations that can be easily automated. Furthermore, certain job-seekers are more affected than others, as employers post fewer entry-level jobs, and require higher levels of experience and education. Finally, we find that female-dominated industries and occupations are most severely impacted, suggesting the pandemic has a higher burden on women.

The Queen and Her Royal Court: A Content Analysis of Doing Gender at a Tulip Queen Pageant

Evidence indicates that privilege is made and reproduced in the family. There, however, has been little investigation in the field of beauty pageantry and how pageant winners represent themselves and their community. Using content analysis, this study aims to better understand how privilege is reproduced for girls who are on royal court and how the girls represent themselves in media interviews. Findings show that the girls on royal court presented themselves in media interview as having common traits and discourses about the community. The texts show the girls to have a common lifelong aspiration for being on royal court, having parents with similar employment status and occupational positions, similar involvement in extra-curricular and co-curricular activities, common aspirations to earn a college degree, and a common religious identity. As a qualitative study, the findings from this study are not intended to be generalizable, but to be transferable and extendable to future research on class reproduction and gender performance.

Return to Work and Employment Situation of Young Adult Cancer Survivors: Results from the Adolescent and Young Adult-Leipzig Study.

Purpose: Although cancer often impacts work issues in patients, little is known about changes in the employment situation of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: We surveyed AYA cancer patients (18-39 years at diagnosis, diagnosis ≤4 years) using as set of validated self-report measures. By using multivariate and regression analyses, we analyzed employment status prediagnosis (in retrospect) and return to work (RTW) rate about 2 years postcancer diagnosis and related predictors. We compared work-related characteristics (occupational position, weekly working hours, and type of employment contract) at both time points. Cancer-related financial distress (European Organization for Research Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ-C30]) was assessed. Results: A total of 505 AYAs (mean age at diagnosis 29.7 years) completed the questionnaire. After an average of 2 years postcancer diagnosis, 83.4% among those being employed at the time of diagnosis (n = 355) had returned to work, 2.8% were on vocational training, 4.5% were unemployed, 4.2% were disabled due to reduced work capacity, and 5.1% were not employed for other reasons. For 158 of 505 AYAs (31.3%), employment status had changed since diagnosis. Significant changes of work-related characteristics were found for the weekly working hours (Matdiagnosis = 35.8; standard deviation [SD] = 7.4; Mt2 = 34.7; SD = 8.2; p = 0.004). Twenty-four percent of the RTW patients and 68% of patients not RTW reported cancer-related financial distress. Patients with comorbid diseases, having hematological cancer or sarcoma, were less likely to RTW. Conclusion: Most AYAs returned to work in the medium term, often by reducing weekly working hours. Since AYAs state significant cancer-related financial distress, even after RTW, it seems particularly relevant to provide financial support and occupational counseling.

Socioeconomic status, health-related behaviours, and death among older people: the Concord health and aging in men project prospective cohort study

BackgroundConflicting evidence exists regarding the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with mortality among older people and little is known about the mechanisms underlying this association. We investigated the association of SES with mortality among older Australian men. We also investigated potential mediating effects of health-related behaviours in SES-mortality associations.MethodsWe used data from a prospective population-based cohort (the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project), in Sydney, Australia. The main outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Educational attainment, occupational position, source of income, housing tenure, and a cumulative SES score were assessed at baseline. Longitudinally assessed alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and body mass index were investigated as potential mediators. Associations were quantified using Cox regression.ResultsWe evaluated 1527 men (mean age: 77.4 ± 5.5 years). During a mean follow-up time of 9.0 years, 783 deaths occurred. For deaths from all causes, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the lowest tertile of cumulative SES score versus the highest tertile was 1.44 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.70); the corresponding sub-HRs were 1.35 (0.96 to 1.89) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality; 1.58 (1.15 to 2.18) for cancer mortality, and 1.86 (1.36 to 2.56) for non-CVD, non-cancer mortality. SES-mortality associations were attenuated by 11–25% after adjustment for mediating health-related behaviours.ConclusionLow SES is associated with increased mortality in older Australian men and health-related behaviours accounted for less than one-fourth of these associations. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying SES inequalities in mortality among older people.

Experimental evaluation of visual flicker caused by ceiling fans

Significant energy savings can be achieved by promoting elevated air speed using ceiling fans by increasing the cooling set-point temperature of an air-conditioning system. However, fan blades that obstruct the light from an artificial ceiling fixture from the relative viewing position of a building occupant could causes problems of visual flicker. We performed experiment to identify the effects of visual flicker caused by ceiling fans. Two different designs were used that had either opaque or transparent blades, which created different levels of visual flicker. These were installed in two test-rooms with similar environmental conditions. Forty-six participants took part in the study under a crossover design. Participants completed three cognitive visual tasks in both conditions: Stroop-test, switcher and digit-span tasks, respectively. Before and after completing the tasks, subjective evaluations were also given to several variables. Comparisons across the two ceiling fans showed the following results: a small and just significant reduction of performance in the digit-span task but not for the Stroop-test and switcher-task; some adverse symptoms related to visual flicker, which were not found when directly comparing the two ceiling fans against each other; and a higher reported frequency of discomfort caused by visual flicker. While the effect we uncovered in our study was small and did not influence all parameters, the exposure to visual flicker was relative short and we do not yet know how building occupants may react across a longer period. If issues of visual flicker are not addressed, it may have adverse consequences on building occupants.

Goal Programming Approach for Carrying People with Physical Disabilities

Most of today's optimization efforts aim to reduce costs, time or the number of resources used. However, optimization efforts should consider other factors as important as these, such as facilitating the lives of the disabled, elderly and pregnant and helping them in their daily lives. In this study, the Nuh Naci Yazgan (NNY) University (Kayseri/Turkey) personnel transport problems were discussed. The NNY University provides a shuttle service to bring employees to school at the start of the work and to leave them at home after work. In order to shorten the collection / distribution time and the total distance travelled, the service vehicle does not leave / pick up all employees in front of their homes. Instead, the employees are picked up / dropped at appropriate locations on an intuitively determined route. Since only the time and cost savings are taken into account when determining the service route, some employees have a long walking distance to the service route. This creates a very important problem, especially for the disabled and pregnant workers. In this study, a new mathematical model is proposed which takes into consideration the physical disadvantages and occupational positions of the employees in order to determine the shortest vehicle route. The results show that the proposed model can significantly reduce walking distances of physically disabled people without compromising the total distance travelled by the vehicle.

MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE, GOVERNANCE, AND MANAGEMENTSTRATEGY FOR PERFORMANCE AND BUSINESS ETHICS OF PUBLIC SERVICE HOSPITALS

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to test management technique, governance, and strategy choices affect the performance of government hospitals assigned as public service agencies.Indonesian’s well aware of opting for medical treatments in hospital are basically underlined by higher level education, prolonged life expectancy, and more information disclosure. This awareness leads to significant increases in number of inpatients and outpatients treated in public health services.This research belongs to quantitative research which implements validity test, reliability test, normality test, multicollinearity test, and heteroskedasticity test. Quantitative research is required to examine whether the instruments used in this study are valid, consistent, and normally distributed. This study consist of one dependend variabel namely performance, three independent variables, namely management technique, GCG, and management strategies. Supplemented by one moderation variable, business ethics. This research employs an explanatory design, comprising an elucidation of events in present conditions (explanation) and events that will occur (prediction). The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with sampling criteria that are at the level of administrative staff up to the directors and have worked for at least one year. Based on predetermined criteria, there were 260 research respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire and measured on a Likert scale of 1-5 with a value of 1 for answers that strongly disagree and a value of 5 for answers strongly agree. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS 22. Based on the above findings and discussions, the limitations for future research are elaborated as follows: the level of understandings possessed by respondents regarding the concept of hospitals as public service agencies varies and cannot be controlled or specified. Stakeholders from different occupational positions may have different experiences and educational backgrounds which may affect their understanding of public service agency, particularly the hospital. For this reason, mapping specific respondents might be required for future research. Categorized and specified respondents could optimize the research process by providing more focused answer from and more thorough discussion with stakeholders with the same understanding level. This research can be developed by extending the coverage of hospitals granted with the BLU authorization throughout Indonesia. Besides, alternative research object can also developed by examining non-BLU hospitals. This research concludes Corporate Governance is positive influencer for and significant to Performance; in contrast, Management Strategy is insignificant to Performance. Besides, Ethics itself indirectly influences performance. This study is useful for regulators as policy makers to improve professionalism and improve hospital services. It is also hoped that the results of this study will benefit other stakeholders, change business-oriented mindset without neglecting services and human values. Keywords: Management Technique, Governance, Management Strategy, Performance, Business Ethics, Public Service Hospitals.

Untangling the importance of niche breadth and niche position as drivers of tree species abundance and occupancy across biogeographic regions

AbstractAimEcological niches shape species commonness and rarity, yet, the relative importance of different niche mechanisms within and across ecosystems remains unresolved. We tested the influence of niche breadth (range of environmental conditions where species occur) and niche position (marginality of a species’ environmental distribution relative to the mean environmental conditions of a region) on tree‐species abundance and occupancy across three biogeographic regions.LocationArgentinian Andes; Bolivian Amazon; Missouri Ozarks.Time period2002–2010.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsWe calculated abiotic‐niche breadths and abiotic‐niche positions using 16 climate, soil and topographic variables. For each region, we used model selection to test the relative influence of niche breadth and niche position on local abundance and occupancy in regional‐scale networks of 0.1‐ha forest plots. To account for species–environment associations caused by other mechanisms (e.g., dispersal), we used null models that randomized associations between species occurrences and environmental variables.ResultsWe found strong support for the niche‐position hypothesis. In all regions, species with higher local abundance and occupancy occurred in non‐marginal environments. Observed relationships between occupancy and niche position also differed from random species–environment associations in all regions. Surprisingly, we found little support for the niche‐breadth hypothesis. Observed relationships between both local abundance and niche breadth, and occupancy and niche breadth, did not differ from random species–environment associations.Main conclusionNiche position was more important than niche breadth in shaping species commonness and rarity across temperate, sub‐tropical and tropical forests. In all forests, tree species with widespread geographic distributions were associated with environmental conditions commonly found throughout the region, suggesting that niche position has similar effects on species occupancy across contrasting biogeographic regions. Our findings imply that conservation efforts aimed at protecting populations of common and rare tree species should prioritize conservation of both common and rare habitats.

Influence of occupant collision state parameters on the lumbar spinal injury during frontal crash

IntroductionDeveloped a detailed finite element model of spine and validated with the experimental or cadaveric tests to gain insight on occupant safety. ObjectivesThis study evaluates the influence of occupant collision state parameters such as height of the drop, occupant seating posture (occupant posture angle) and mass of the upper body on the risk of lumbar spinal injury during a frontal crash. MethodsThis parametric evaluation utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) performed. ANOVA was used to test the significance of parameters. ResultsHigher axial force of 3547 N is observed with higher dropping distance of 1500 mm. Similarly, higher strain and energy absorption were observed for the same dropping condition respectively. ConclusionThe result shows that all the factors considered in the experiment contribute to the risk of spinal lumbar injury during the frontal crash. Among all, height of the drop and the occupant posture angle are the most significant parameters in determining the lumbar spinal injury of occupant. It is observed that the injury criteria are directly proportional to the posture angle of the seat and height of drop.

Women Professors across STEMM and Non-STEMM Disciplines: Navigating Gendered Spaces and Playing the Academic Game

Women remain poorly represented in the highest positions in academia, despite their increasing participation. This article seeks to understand how women who have reached senior occupational positions in Higher Education Institutions have navigated their organisational and disciplinary settings. In the process we explore how experiences compare across male and female-dominated spaces, integrating field theory with Acker’s work on ‘gendered organisations’ to develop the idea of academic disciplines as ‘gendered spaces’. Empirically we draw upon a qualitative study of women professors working across science, technology, engineering, maths and medicine (STEMM) and non-STEMM disciplines in a large research-intensive university in the UK. Utilising Bourdieu’s concept of ‘the game’, we show how they navigate the academic game within the context of differing ‘gendered spaces’; complicit in the game yet recognising it as unfair, and thus (inadvertently) reproducing gendered structures and practices.

Precarious employment and self-reported experiences of unwanted sexual attention and sexual harassment at work. An analysis of the European Working Conditions Survey.

Unwanted sexual attention (UWSA) and sexual harassment (SH) are prevalent experiences for women in working life and often accompanied by poor health. Despite increasing numbers especially of young people working in insecure and irregular employment settings, there is little empirical evidence if such precarious arrangements are associated with UWSA or SH. To investigate this, we used a representative sample of the European working population consisting of 63,966 employees in 33 countries who participated in the European Working Conditions Survey in 2010 or 2015. Precarious employment (PE) was assessed on the basis of seven indicators and a formative index derived from them: temporary employment, contractual duration < 1 year, schedule unpredictability, involuntary part-time, low information on occupational health and safety risks (OSH), low pay (wage < 60%), and multiple job-holding. We measured self-reported experiences of workplace UWSA during the last month and SH during the last 12 months each using a single-item questionnaire. Multi-level Poisson regressions were used to estimate prevalence ratios for UWSA and SH according to PE adjusted for survey year, age, education, type of household, migration background, job tenure, weekly working hours, occupational position, working sector, company size, workplace gender ratio, and visiting customers or clients. 0.8% of men reported UWSA in the last month and 2.6% of the women. SH in the last year was reported by 0.4% of the men and 1.3% of the women. For both men and women, PE was significantly associated with elevated prevalence of UWSA and SH, in particular when reporting schedule unpredictability, multiple job-holding and low information on OSH. Our results suggest that precariously employed individuals may be more prone to experience unwanted sexual behaviour at the workplace compared with workers in non-precarious settings.

Embodied intersectionality and the intersectional management of hotel labour: The everyday experiences of social differentiation in customer‐oriented work

This article contributes to debates on critical diversity and intersectionality by focusing on hotel labour in a global tourist destination, the city of Venice. Through a qualitative study it explores how social differences are experienced by workers and valued by hotel management. We find that while management tends to allocate workers to different jobs according to the perceived ‘desirability’ of their embodied attributes by customers, the gendered and racialized divisions among workers do not simply conform with traditional patterns of ‘back’ and ‘front‐of‐house’ occupational positions. Rather they reflect variable compositions along the gender, migration and racial stereotypes reproduced by employers’ attempts to fulfill perceived changing expectations of customers. We develop the notion of ‘intersectional management’ to capture these fluid forms of valorization of social difference, which appear influenced by workers’ practices of embodied intersectionality through the selective performance of entrenched stereotypes, and their everyday encounters with an internationalizing clientele.

A methodology for out of position occupant identification from pressure sensors embedded in a vehicle seat

The airbag deployment against an out of position (OP) occupant is critical. The OP condition can be hardly expected during design, while a too close airbag deployment can cause serious injuries instead of mitigating the crash effects. An adaptive airbag system would be capable to adjust its deployment to the inside scenario. However, the integration between human passengers and intelligent vehicle requires the airbag control unit to be aware of the actual occupant(s) position. In the present research, a methodology for monitoring the occupant(s) position is developed and tested with a seat prototype. A layout of thin film sensors monitors the interface pressure between the occupant and the seat cover. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) monitors the accelerations of the vehicle, considered the reference moving platform. A microcontroller is programmed for pressure sensors calibration, IMU alignment with the vehicle reference system, signals processing, OP detection, and identification. Real driving experiments on a race track were performed in the correct position and in three different OPs. The comparison of the pressure center in longitudinal and transversal directions with the vehicle acceleration enables to identify the OPs.

Real-time daylight glare control using a low-cost, window-mounted HDRI sensor

The main limitation of existing daylight glare control strategies is their fundamental inability to efficiently identify the location, size and brightness of potential glare sources in real-time. This study presents a new daylight glare control framework, using a low-cost, window-mounted programmable High Dynamic Range Image (HDRI) sensor with a wide fisheye lens. With proper calibration, the sensor can accurately measure the luminance, size, and relative position of any exterior glare sources in real time, using per pixel analysis. We present a method to enable reliable solar-tracking and an efficient glare source positioning algorithm, which can also detect glare sources of small size but significant luminance (e.g., intense reflections from surroundings). Complications due to the occupant position relative to the sensor/source are also discussed. The HDRI-based glare control was implemented in a private office with automated roller shades and was also compared with two common glare controls under the same sky conditions. The experimental results showed that the HDRI-based glare control can continuously and fully protect from detected glare sources, maintaining visual comfort, whereas the other controls failed in certain instances or are over-conservative. This new framework is the first proposed solution to address direct and reflective glare in a straightforward and efficient way, and it can be used as an extra layer in existing daylighting controls for glare mitigation. This technology can be used in the future to fully replace photometer-based fenestration controls and additional sensors, as well as to learn occupant visual preferences associated with exterior conditions.

Associations of age, occupation and nationality of seafarers with risk of evacuations at sea: A register-based study on Danish-flagged merchant ships

Although prevention of incidents leading to evacuations at sea is of vital importance, little is known about its causal patterns and demographic determinants. We investigated therefore relationships between age, occupation and nationality and causes of evacuations. The data were obtained from the Telemedical Assistance Service (TMAS) in Denmark between 2004 and 2014 supplemented with data on all seafarers from the Danish Maritime Authority (N = 73,344). These data included information on broad age groups, occupational position and nationality. The outcomes were evacuations from any cause and in four broad categories of causes leading to evacuations. A total of 403 evacuations were reported in the 11-year study period. 27% of the evacuations were due to external causes, 19% due to diseases of the circulatory system, 14% due diseases of the digestive system and 40% from other or undetermined causes. Age-adjusted all-cause evacuation rates varied between 1.4 and 3.4 incidents per 1000 person-years in 2004–2014 for officers and between 3.3 and 20.2 incidents for non-officers. An elevated risk of evacuations was found among both officers and non-officers aged ≥50 years, compared with those aged 30–49 years with odds ratios of 2.73 (95% confidence intervals 1.66, 4.50) and 2.59 (2.03, 3.31), respectively. The odds ratios for non-officers from non-Danish European Union and from non-European Union countries compared with Danish non-officers were 1.51 (1.12, 2.04) and 0.55 (0.42, 0.71), respectively. In conclusion, working as non-officer, older age and non-Danish EU nationality were associated with a higher risk of evacuations irrespective of the cause leading to evacuation.

Integrating interactive kinetic façade design with colored glass to improve daylight performance based on occupants’ position

The dynamic nature of daylight and occupant's position can cause some issues such as heat gains and visual discomfort, which need to be controlled in real-time operation. Responsive facades have been pervasively used for preventing daylight glare and meeting daylight performance requirements. However, some passive strategies such as the colored glass of the Orosi typical architectural elements used in Iranian central courtyard buildings have the potential to filter excess daylight, as well as providing other functions such as aesthetics and privacy. This paper explores, for the first time, the possibility of coupling a kinetic façade with colored glasses to improve the daylight performance. This research builds on a combination of relevant literature and parametric simulation to investigate the development of integration of colored glass from Orosi with interactive kinetic façades, triggered by sun timing and occupants' positions. In total, 72 interactive kinetic façade cases are parametrically simulated, and their daylight performance is evaluated through climate-luminance based metrics. The simulation results confirm the high performance of the interactive kinetic facades for improving daylight performance regarding a base case. The integrated interactive kinetic façade with colored glass provides a real-time adaptation of the multifunctional passive strategy to sun timing and occupants' position. The integrated interactive kinetic façade with colored glass which uses parametric decentralized and hierarchical rotating (0–45°) movements, shows more improvement in daylight performance compared to other cases based on climate-luminance based metrics evaluation.

Life-Course Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Lung Function in Older Adults: A Multicohort Study of 70 496 Participants from Four European Countries

Background: Lung function is an important predictor of health and a marker of physical functioning at older ages. This study aimed to quantify the years of lung function lost according to disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions across life-course. Methods: This multicohort study used harmonised individual-level data from six European cohorts with information on life-course socioeconomic disadvantage and lung function assessed by FEV1 and FVC. 70496 participants (51% women) aged 18-93 years were included. Socioeconomic disadvantage was measured in early life (low paternal occupational position), early adulthood (low educational level), and adulthood (low occupational position). Risk factors for poor lung function (i.e., smoking, obesity, sedentary behaviour, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases) were included as potential mediators. The years of lung function lost due to socioeconomic disadvantage were computed at each life stage. Findings: Socioeconomic disadvantage during life-course was associated with a lower FEV1. By age 45, individuals experiencing disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions had lost 4 to 5 years of healthy lung function vs their more advantaged counterparts (low educational level: -4.36 [95% CI -7.33 to -2.37] for men and -5.14 [-10.32 to -2.71] for women; low occupational position: -5.62 [-7.98 to -4.90] for men and -4.32 [-13.31 to -2.27] for women), after accounting for the risk factors for lung function. By ages 65 and 85, the years lung function lost due to socioeconomic disadvantage decreased by 2 to 4 years, depending on the socioeconomic indicator. Interpretation: Life-course socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with lower lung function and predicts a considerable number of years of lung function loss in adulthood and older ages. Funding: Foundation for Science and Technology; European Commission; University of Lausanne; Medical Research Council; US National Institute on Aging; NordForsk; Helsinki Institute of Life Science; GlaxoSmithKline; Swiss National Science Foundation; Agence Nationale de la recherche. Declaration of Interests: None declared. Ethics Approval Statement: The relevant local or national ethics committees approved each study, and all participants gave written informed consent to participate.