Obstructive Salivary Gland Diseases Research Articles

Obstructive Salivary Gland Disorders - A Malaysian Patient Series.

Introduction Obstructive salivary gland disease is a frequently encountered clinical entity that can present to various health practitioners. Obstructive sialadenitis can lead to recurrent infections and debilitating quality-of-life issues. Objective There is a paucity of published data regarding obstructive salivary disorders among the multiracial Asian population. The present study aimed to determine the demographic pattern and risk factors of obstructive salivary gland disorders with the goal of better management of this condition. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary institution over a period of 5 years. Results A total of 256 (9.84 for every 1,000) patients were found to have salivary disorders, 10% of who were diagnosed to have obstructive disorder. Among the obstructive salivary disorders, 76% had sialolithiasis, 19% had recurrent parotitis, and 1 patient had chronic sialadenitis. We observed a small female preponderance for obstructive salivary disorders. This study revealed that smoking is a significant risk factor ( p = 0.041; prevalence ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval 1.12-5.78), and smokers were 2.5 times more likely to develop obstructive salivary disorders. There was no statistical correlation between the prevalence and other risk factors like infection, dehydration, intake of medications, history of diabetes mellitus, radiotherapy, and autoimmune disorders. Conclusion Our study results demonstrated that the prevalence of obstructive salivary gland disorders was 0.1%. This study provided a better understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of obstructive salivary disorders, which facilitate timely management and improves quality of life.

SIALOLITHIASIS: REVIEW

Objectives. Sialolithiasis is the most common obstructive salivary gland disease, responsible for approximately 50% of salivary glands pathology cases. The aim of this study is to provide the literature review to present the incident rate, etiology, diagnostic and treatment trends of sialolithiasis Materials and methods: Data from the Medline database, PubMed.gov and supplementary sources were used to conduct a systematic literature search. Results: The 116 studies were analyzed. The relevant data were exported, summarized and presented. Conclusion: The most of available studies regarding the incidence rate of sialolithiasis have been based on selected hospital data and there are a few multicenter analyses. The etiology of salivary stones formation remains not completely clear and various hypotheses have been put forward, thus research into etiologic factors is still continues. Despite the introduction of new technologies in the diagnostics of salivary gland, the routine methods like radiographs and ultrasound examination are still relevant and widely used. Gland preserving techniques in the treatment of sialolithiasis have continuously replaced radical surgery

PLUNGING RANULA IN CHILDREN AND THE USEFULNESS OF ULTRASOUND IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT: A CASE REPORT

Plunging ranula consists of extravasation of mucin through the mylohyodeum musculature, causing floating cervical volume. Ultrasound is an excellent imaging modality to evaluate obstructive salivary gland diseases. Our study describes a case of an 11-year-old boy presenting a floating cervical volume on the right side, with displacement of the tongue. Ultrasonography showed changes in the mylohyoid muscle, underlying a hypoechoic image in the submandibular region, suggestive of muscle dissection and fluid accumulation, as seen in plunging ranula. Moreover, between submandibular and parotid regions, two rounded hyperechoic images with acoustic shadows, suggestive of giant sialoliths, were observed. The panoramic radiography confirmed two rough radiopaque images of approximately 30 mm, in the posterior region, consistent with giant sialoliths. The cervical swelling was excised, associated with removing the submandibular gland with one of the sialoliths. The histopathological diagnosis confirmed ranula and the patient has undergone 2 months of follow-up with no recurrence. Plunging ranula consists of extravasation of mucin through the mylohyodeum musculature, causing floating cervical volume. Ultrasound is an excellent imaging modality to evaluate obstructive salivary gland diseases. Our study describes a case of an 11-year-old boy presenting a floating cervical volume on the right side, with displacement of the tongue. Ultrasonography showed changes in the mylohyoid muscle, underlying a hypoechoic image in the submandibular region, suggestive of muscle dissection and fluid accumulation, as seen in plunging ranula. Moreover, between submandibular and parotid regions, two rounded hyperechoic images with acoustic shadows, suggestive of giant sialoliths, were observed. The panoramic radiography confirmed two rough radiopaque images of approximately 30 mm, in the posterior region, consistent with giant sialoliths. The cervical swelling was excised, associated with removing the submandibular gland with one of the sialoliths. The histopathological diagnosis confirmed ranula and the patient has undergone 2 months of follow-up with no recurrence.

Successful Intraductal Sialolithiasis Removal Using Sialendoscopy: A Case Report and Surgical Video Tips

Introduction: Sialolithiasis is major cause of the obstructive salivary gland disease, accounting for ~60% of all cases. Other etiologies include strictures, mucoid debris, anatomic ductal abnormalities, and scar tissue.1 About 80% to 95% of sialolithiasis cases occur in the submandibular gland, 5% to 20% in the parotid gland, and only 1% to 2% in the remaining glands. The treatment of the obstructive salivary gland has evolved in the past 25 years with the introduction of thin semiflexible endoscopes and microinstruments such as forceps, baskets, wires, lasers, and balloons. These advancements allow for sialendoscopy and other intraductal manipulations including stone removal, dilatation of strictures, and cleansing of mucus plugs.2 In addition, these procedures can be used in combination with minimally invasive external approaches.3 Sialendoscopy is the main option for effectively treating these obstructive conditions, leading to improvements in overall quality of life.4 The objective of the surgical video is to clarify the basic steps involved in effectively removing intraductal sialolithiasis. Materials and Methods: A 36-year-old man presented with complaints of pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing during meals, in the right submandibular salivary gland area. The symptoms had been present for the past 2 years and had worsened progressively, with no improvements with analgesics. The patient had a history of drinking less water during the past 10 years, but otherwise had no remarkable medical history. During the neck clinical examination, the right submandibular gland was found to be smaller than the contralateral gland, and no atypical lymph nodes were detected. Intraoral examination revealed a palpable 8 mm sialolith in the right floor of the mouth, which caused a discharge of milky saliva on manipulation. The remaining mucosa appeared normal. A CT scan revealed a 9 mm elliptical sialolith in the middle third of the right submandibular duct, consistent with the clinical examination and suspicion of obstructive sialolithiasis. Laboratory tests were normal. As treatment, sialendoscopy was indicated. The procedure was conducted following the standards set by Marchal et al.5 The intervention was performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, using a semirigid modular sialendoscope (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) with a diameter of 1.7 mm, along with working channel, salivary probes, conic dilatators, bougies, baskets for stones, dilatator balloons, and silastic stents to the main duct to maintain papilla patency.6 The sialolith was completely removed without any adverse events. Results: The patient recovered uneventfully postoperatively and was discharged the next day. Conclusion: Our findings support the use of sialendoscopy for obstructive sialolithiasis. Patients usually obtain a complete resolution of their clinical symptoms and the technology has a high success rate when performed by an experienced team. The patient who agreed to participate in the study has written and signed the informed consent statement. No competing financial interests exist. No funding was received for this article. Runtime of video: 4 mins 49 secs

Sialendoscopy as a Useful Diagnostic and Interventional Tool for the Various Salivary Gland Disease: Our Experiences

Background and Objectives Sialendoscopy is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive salivary gland diseases, but not yet universally employed because it requires dedicate, expensive, and fragile endoscopic equipment; moreover, the surgical technique is also delicate. Here, we describe our initial experience of sialendoscopy, as well as the learning curve, precautions, and drawbacks that beginners must overcome in employing sialendoscopy.Subjects and Method The medical records of 98 patients who underwent sialendoscopic procedures at Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital from May 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The type of procedure, success rate, operation time, and complications were analyzed.Results We have performed a total of 85 sialendoscopic procedures, including 79 to treat submandibular sialolithiasis, two to treat submandibular ductal stenosis, two to treat parotid sialolithiasis, and two to treat parotid ductal stenosis. Of the total of 81 patients with sialolithiasis, 82.4% were treated by sialendoscopy only, 15.3% by hybrid procedure, and 2.3% opted to preserve the salivary gland and convert to external submandibular gland excision. Four patients with ductal stenosis were treated via endoscopic bougination; stents were placed for 4 weeks without any restenosis. The operation time was significantly shorter for the second half than for the first half of the patients (58.6 min vs. 39.8 min). Longer operation time was associated with the parotid gland diseases, larger stones (>5 mm in diameter), more proximal stones (from the salivary gland), and multiple stones. We encountered no major surgical complications.Conclusion Sialendoscopy is useful and safe; even beginners can evaluate and manage obstructive salivary gland diseases.

Obstructive salivary gland disease.

This paper provides an overview of the most common cause of salivary gland complaints presenting to the general dental practitioner, obstructive salivary gland disease (OSGD). It is important to be aware of the characteristic signs and symptoms to allow for appropriate management and onward referral.

Anatomical Features of the Parotid Duct in Sialography as an Aid to Endoscopy-A Retrospective Study.

Sialography is used for diagnosis of obstructive salivary gland diseases and prior to sialendoscopy. Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) sialography allows imaging and measurement of salivary duct structures. Salivary gland endoscopy has a long learning curve. The aim of this retrospective study is to create an anatomical quantitative guide of different distances and angles significant for endoscopy. Twenty-six CBCT sialographies of healthy parotid ducts were included. Outcome parameters included diameters, distances, angles and number of minor tributaries. Results show the average distance from the papilla to the curvature of the gland was 41.5 mm (Q1 36.97 mm–Q3 45.32 mm), with an angle of 126.9° (Q1 107.58°–Q3 135.6°) of the curvature and a distance of 35.25 mm (±7.81 mm) between the curvature and the hilus. The mean width of the duct was 0.8 mm (Q1 0.7 mm–Q3 1.15 mm) at its narrowest and 2 mm (Q1 1.4 mm–Q3 2.2 mm) at its widest. This is the first anatomical quantitative study of the parotid duct in relation to sialendoscopy.

Updated S2k AWMF guideline on obstructive sialadenitis

The update of this guideline was an important step to define standards for the use of sialendoscopy and other emerging minimally invasive techniques for the therapy of sialolithiasis and other obstructive salivary gland diseases. The current actualization was necessary to adapt the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms to the current scientific knowledge. In this article they are presented in a shortened version with a focus on conservative therapeutic measures which are especially relevant for daily practice.

Obstructive Submandibular Sialadenitis Complicated with Severe Neck Phlegmon: Transcutaneous Removal of Sialolith with a Flow of Pus: Literature Review of Extraoral Complications

Sialolithiasis, as the most common reason (60–85 percent) of obstructive salivary gland disease, in the rare cases, may be complicated by soft tissues abscess or/and fistula. The purpose of this report is to present a rare case of submandibular gland sialolithiasis complicated with severe neck phlegmon in a 47-year-old Caucasian male. Ultrasonography and transcutaneous removal of sialolith upon the purulent locus lancing are highlighted. Our literature review based on the existed ones with a total 24 complication cases is presented. Wakoh et al`s classification of submandibular gland sialolith-associated fistulas types is analyzed. The ultrasound imaging is still underestimated and not adequately popularized among head and neck and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Presented case and published reports show the usefulness of this constantly developing diagnostic technique in a combination with knowledge of possible extraoral purulent complications’ and its management.

The Need for Studies on Oral Corticosteroids After Sialendoscopy for Obstructive Salivary Gland Disease: Systematic Review.

This qualitative systematic review evaluates the evidence in support of the use of oral corticosteroids in patients undergoing sialendoscopy for the treatment of obstructive sialadenitis. Qualitative systematic review. A literature search was conducted from January 1985 and September 2020. Inclusion criteria embraced peer-reviewed articles in which adult patients undergoing interventional sialendoscopy for obstructive salivary gland disease received oral corticosteroids. The results were initially screened based on title and abstract, and the remaining articles were reviewed for eligibility. About 218 papers were selected by title and abstract, 96 were selected for full-text review, and 9 met the inclusion criteria. Eight published reports were retrospective observational studies and 1 was a prospective comparative study. Overall, the heterogeneity of clinical data stood out in this systematic review. The pooled success rate in the studies was 873/979 (89%). Only 5 studies described a rationale for oral corticosteroid use as part of the post-operative management. In 4 studies, a prednisone total daily dose of 40 to 50 mg was used. One study clearly showed a lower recurrence rate in patients who received oral steroids for more than 7 days in addition to sialendoscopy for management of ductal stenoses. This systematic review showed that most centers that prescribe oral corticosteroids after sialendoscopy are unaware of the specific results with this treatment. For ductal stenoses, only 1 paper clearly showed the benefits of oral corticosteroids after sialendoscopy but more high-quality evidence is required in the form of a comparative study or randomized controlled trial, with appropriate long-term follow up.

Ultrasound in Inflammatory and Obstructive Salivary Gland Diseases: Own Experiences and a Review of the Literature.

Background: Ultrasound is established as a diagnostic tool in salivary glands for obstructive diseases such as sialolithiasis and tumors. Concerning inflammatory diseases and in non-sialolithiasis-caused obstruction, much fewer data are available. In recent years, technical development has allowed a better assessment of the gland parenchyma, and knowledge about intraductal pathologies has increased considerably, which has provided new insights and a new interpretation of ultrasound findings. Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of the literature that includes our own experiences and to point out the state of the art in ultrasound in the diagnostics of inflammatory and obstructive salivary gland diseases, taking adequate techniques and recent technical developments into consideration. Data sources and study eligibility criteria: A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed using various specific key words. Results: According to the literature results, including our own experiences, ultrasound is of value in up to >90% of cases presenting with inflammatory and/or obstructive diseases. Technical developments (e.g., elastography) and the application of modified ultrasound techniques (e.g., transoral ultrasound) have contributed to these results. Today, ultrasound is considered a first-line diagnostic tool in these diseases. However, in some inflammatory diseases, the final diagnosis can be made only after inclusion of the anamnesis, clinical symptoms, serologic blood tests, or histopathologic investigation. Conclusions: Ultrasound can be considered as a first-line diagnostic tool in obstructive and inflammatory salivary gland diseases. In obstructive diseases, it may be sufficient for diagnostics in >90% of cases. In inflammatory diseases, ultrasound is at least an excellent screening method and can be used to establish the diagnosis in cases of an early suspicion. In all diseases ultrasound can contribute to better management and can be used for monitoring during follow-up.

Sialendoscopy and CT navigation assistance in the surgery of sialolithiasis.

BackgroundA sialendoscopy-assisted combined approach is well established in the surgery of sialolithiasis. In cases of proximal salivary stones, transcutaneous sialendoscopy-assisted extractions with parotid and submandibular gland preservation is the primary intention of treatment. We recently added computer tomography (CT) navigation to improve the results of this challenging surgery equally in both localizations.Patients and methodsAl l the patients who submitted to sialendoscopy and sialendoscopy-assisted procedures at the tertiary institution between January 2012 and October 2020 were included in the present study. From November 2019, CT navigation was added in cases with sialolithiasis and a presumably poor sialendoscopic visibility. We evaluated the parameters of the disease, diagnostic procedures, sialendoscopic findings and outcomes, with or without optical surgical navigation.ResultsWe performed 178 successful salivary stone removals in 372 patients, of which 118 were combined sialendos-copy-assisted approaches, including 16 transcutaneous proximal, 10 submandibular and 6 parotid stone operations. Surgical navigation was used in six patients, four times for submandibular and twice for parotid sialolithiasis. These were all non-palpable, sialendoscopically invisible or partially visible stones, and we managed to preserve five of the six salivary glands.ConclusionsThe addition of CT navigation to sialendoscopy-assisted procedures for non-palpable, sialendoscopically invisible and fixed stones is a significant advantage in managing sialolithiasis. By consistently performing sialendoscopy and related preservation procedures, we significantly reduced the need for sialoadenectomies in patients with obstructive salivary gland disease.

The Manukau Salivary Symptoms Score for Assessing the Impact of Sialendoscopy in Recurrent Obstructive Sialadenitis

To examine the Manukau Salivary Symptom Score (MSSS) questionnaire as a validated tool to assess obstructive sialadenitis-specific symptoms to both indicate disease severity and assess the outcome after sialendoscopic procedures. A prospective observational study was performed from 2010 to 2019 comprising 164 patients undergoing sialendoscopy for nonneoplastic chronic obstructive salivary gland disease (COSGD). Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the Manukau Surgical Centre, Auckland, New Zealand, between June 2010 and September 2019. A prospective observational study was performed from 2010 to 2019 comprising 164 patients undergoing sialendoscopy for nonneoplastic COSGD. Patients completed the MSSS preoperatively and at postoperative follow-up. Statistical tests were used to compare pre- and postoperative answers. Cronbach's α was used to measure internal consistency. Finally, construct validity was determined by comparing the 5-question MSSS questionnaire to the preexisting 20-question Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Symptoms (COSS) questionnaire. Postoperatively, patients had significant improvements in pain, eating, talking, swelling, and quality of life (P < .001). The MSSS questionnaire was found to have high internal consistency (α = 0.938). Questions in the MSSS had a very strong positive correlation with 3 COSS questions, a strong positive correlation with 8, a moderate positive correlation with 4, and a weak positive correlation with 1. Four COSS questions were not considered relevant and were not included in the MSSS questionnaire. The MSSS questionnaire is a simple, validated questionnaire that is useful for assessing the impact of sialendoscopy in patients with COSGD.

Sialendoscopy: A Four-Year Single Center Experience

Sialendoscopy is a relatively new technique designed to diagnose and treat benign obstructive salivary gland disease using a minimally invasive approach. The purpose of this study is to present our experiences regarding the use of sialendoscopy in the form of a 4-year, single center experience and to demonstrate its usefulness in oral and maxillofacial practice. We collected data on patients who underwent sialendoscopy at the Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery Department of UZ Leuven between November 2015 and August 2019, including age, gender, sex, initial clinical presentation and symptoms, gland involvement, type of diagnostic investigations, diagnosis, localization of the obstruction, therapeutic intervention, surgeon, type of anesthesia, materials used, complications, secondary treatment, duration of follow-up, and outcome. Statistical analyses were performed, chi-squared was used to compare the different variables with P < .05 being considered significant. During the 4-year timeframe, a total of 44 patients (31 female, 13 male) underwent sialendoscopy in a total of 47 procedures. The average age at time of sialendoscopy was 47.4 years. The most frequent cause of obstruction was sialolithiasis (70%). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was the most accurate preoperative investigation for the diagnosis of lithiasis (57%). Symptom improvement occurred in 57.9% of patients, with a complication rate of 11%. None of the complications were permanent. Sialendoscopy can be considered safe and effective for both the diagnosis and treatment of benign obstructive salivary gland disease, with a useful place in oral and maxillofacial surgical practice. We recommend the inclusion of CBCT and/or ultrasound in the diagnostic workup prior to endoscopy.

Etiology, diagnosis, and surgical management of obstructive salivary gland disease

: Obstructive salivary gland disease (OSGD) represents a large subset of salivary gland entities that affect a significant number of patients every year. Many different pathologic processes such as sialoliths, mucous plugs, strictures, and ductal stenosis can present with nearly identical obstructive symptoms, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Current management of OSGD revolves around resolution of acute infection, targeted imaging, and definitive surgical management of the causal obstruction. Technological advances and improved diagnostic methods over the last two decades have led to a paradigm shift in management of these disorders, with an emphasis on gland-sparing and minimally-invasive therapies. Imaging for obstructive salivary gland disorders has shifted away from traditional sialography and plain film radiography in favor of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rehydration, gland massage, and antibiotics continue to be the mainstay of medical management. The use of sialendoscopy represents a minimally-invasive method to treat most OSGD without the morbidity associated with sialoadenectomy or other open procedures. The development of multiple adjunct treatment methods such as mechanical lithotripsy, laser lithotripsy, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy have added to the overall effectiveness of minimally-invasive treatments for OSGD. This paper presents a review on the four main etiologies of salivary gland obstruction, appropriate diagnostic workup, and medical and surgical management of these disorders.

A snapshot audit of the management of benign obstructive salivary gland diseases at the Queen Elizabeth hospital, Birmingham

A snapshot audit of the management of benign obstructive salivary gland diseases at the Queen Elizabeth hospital, Birmingham

Effectiveness of Ultrasound in Verification of the Mucus Plugs and Sialoliths of the Wharton`s Duct

The pathological changes in 467 submandibular glands were identified both endoscopically and radiographically, and endoscopic findings showed three types: calculus (91 percent), mucus plug (3 percent), and stenosis (6 percent). —Yu Chuangqi et al, 2013 China Mucus plugs (synonyms: mucous plugs, mucin plugs, fibromucinous plugs and mucosal plugs) and sialoliths (synonyms: salivary stones, salivary calculi, and concrements) belong to the one of the common causes of the obstructive salivary gland disease (synonyms: obstructive sialadenitis and obstructive sialadenopathy). Among other etiologies of obstructive sialadenitis are: foreign bodies, inflammation, kinks, strictures, anatomic malformations, polyps or even tumors. Those causes are found in different percentages. The radiographic investigation e.g. X-ray and computed tomography (CT) are very useful in detection of the salivary stones. Nevertheless, as approximately 80-90 percent of the sialoliths are opaque on a standard review X-ray and CT, and in 10-20% radiolucent. But these methods are not useful in the detection of mucus plugs due to the non-contrast features of the last. There are a lot of studies which described ultrasound features of the sialoliths. Also, there are some studies that demonstrate endoscopic view of the mucosal plugs in a ductal system and in some cases the authors during sialendoscopy noted the floating mucous plugs. But we cannot find articles in PubMed which demonstrate ultrasound and clinical appearance of the obstructive salivary gland disease caused by sialoliths with mucus plugs simultaneously. The purpose of our article is to describe a first and precise description of ultrasound pattern of the mucus plugs comparing with sialolith and their clinical presentation after removal. We report the consecutive gray scale and color Doppler sonograms with a supplemental video.

Development of a 3D-Printed Drug-Eluting Stent for Treating Obstructive Salivary Gland Disease.

Most studies of obstructive salivary gland disease have reported only statistical aspects, surgical operations, and prescriptions and have simulated the phenomena occurring in the salivary glands and ductal tissues. However, no direct lesion treatments involving drug-eluting stents have been used to reduce salivary pooling induced by inflammation. In this study, a biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone (PCL)-based antibiotic-eluting stent was developed to treat recurrent obstructive salivary gland disease. The structure's diameter was designed after consideration of the human anatomical structure, and the data were processed in a form suitable for three-dimensional (3D) printing via computer-aided design and manufacturing. After the proper mixing conditions of the antibiotics and PCL were ensured, the optimized printing conditions were secured and the stent was successfully printed with the original lumen size diameter maintained. Amoxicillin and cefotaxime, the antibiotics loaded in this study, did not lose their original antimicrobial activity under the 3D printing process and were effectively released from the constructs for verification of the antimicrobial activity against the causative bacteria according to their concentrations. In addition, antibiotic-eluting stents fabricated in a mesh-like network form were proven stable and capable of sustained release, thereby demonstrating the possibility of treating recurrent obstruction salivary gland disease.

Development of a poly-L-lactide salivary duct stent.

Obstructive salivary gland diseases are common conditions that arise following the disruption of the secretary ductal system and usually results in the swelling and pain of the affected gland(s). There has been an increase in the use of sialendoscopy for the treatment and diagnosis of obstructive salivary gland infection. If damage occurs to a duct or papilla following sialendoscopy, a stent may be necessary to prevent restenosis and for maintaining the salivary duct open after complete sialendoscopy. Currently, there are only non-biodegradable salivary duct stents available. The aim of the current study was to establish a methodology for the fabrication of a biodegradable poly-L-lactide (PLLA) salivary duct stent and to examine its function in an animal model. In the current study, PLLA was used to fabricate a salivary duct stent, which was compared with other commercially available non-biodegradable products. The mechanical tests revealed that the tensile strength of the PLLA stent was similar to that of the commercially available non-biodegradable stents. The Young's modulus, which measures the stiffness of a solid material, was significantly higher for the PLLA stent compared with the commercially available non-biodegradable stents. In addition, the current study demonstrated that the PLLA salivary duct stent was easily used with current sialendoscopy techniques, allowing accurate stent placement in an animal model.

Sialoendoscopy: Review and Nuances of Technique.

Sialoendoscopy is a nuanced technique of transluminal management of obstructive and nonneoplastic pathology of the major salivary glands. Techniques have been refined in the last two decades due to advances in optical and endoscopic instrumentation. This minimally invasive technique has both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Obstructive salivary gland disease due to mineralized stones causes the majority of salivary duct-related pathology. Mucus plugs and strictures are the other causes. Submandibular gland sialolithiasis comprises the majority of salivary ductal pathology, with less than ten percent of obstructive symptoms related to parotid gland. The aim of this review is to comprehensively understand the scope of practice, the methodology of management, and the techniques for a successful outcome in sialoendoscopy. Anatomy of the salivary glands and the ductal system is reviewed for a successful outcome. Guidance for patient selection, indications, investigations, and preprocedure preparation for sialoendoscopy are discussed. Algorithms and an instrument checklist are provided in table format in the manuscript for clinical utility. The author simplifies the various systems of sialoendoscopes and the utility of the instruments. The future of transluminal and intraluminal salivary procedures is within the oral and maxillofacial surgical realm with simulators and multidimensional imaging and navigational advances.