Obstructive Pattern Research Articles

Влияние избыточной массы тела и ожирения на спирометрические, гематологические показатели, уровень общего иммуноглобулина Е и интерлейкина-6 в сыворотке крови у детей и подростков с бронхиальной астмой

There is undoubtedly insufficient number of studies dedicated to the interleukin-6 (IL-6) in blood serum of children and adolescents with bronchial asthma (BA) and those are contradictory. Connection between the IL-6 serum level and systemic markers of type 2 inflammation in BA in children and adolescents depending on the nutritional status remains a subject to discussion as well. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of excess body weight (BW) and obesity on spirometric, hematological parameters, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-6 levels in blood serum of children and adolescents with BA. Materials and methods used: a single-center observational cross-sectional pilot study of 76 adolescents aged 6 to 17 y/o (75% (57) boys) with BA was conducted. All were measured for anthropometric and spirometric parameters, body composition, hematological parameters, total IgE and IL-6 levels in blood serum. Dysanapsis was diagnosed when three conditions were simultaneously met: 1. high or high-to-normal zFVC (above 0.674), 2. normal zFEV1 (above -1.645), and 3. low FEV1/FVC index (below 80%). Results: the number of monocytes (109/l) in peripheral blood and the serum IL-6 level (pg/ml) were statistically significantly higher in the group of patients with overweight and obesity compared to patients with underweight/normal BW (0.55 [0.49; 0.77] v 0.51 [0.42; 0.58], p=0.043 and 1.99 [1.20; 5.78] v 1.28 [0.31; 2.43], p=0.002, respectively). In patients with excess BW and obesity, an inverse statistically significant relationship was found between the serum IL-6 level, zFEV1/FVC and the dysanapsis ratio (R=-0.53, p=0.009, R=-0.61, p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: formation of an obstructive pattern in children and adolescents with BA with excess BW and obesity may be associated with non-T2-dependent inflammatory mechanisms.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica: A Scoping Review

Background and Objective: Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TBOCP) is a rare, benign condition characterised by the presence of multiple bony and cartilaginous nodules in the tracheal and bronchial submucosa. Its etiology remains unknown, and clinical presentations and management vary. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to evaluate clinical and radiological characteristics, diagnostic investigations and prognostic outcomes of TBOCP in adults by exploring Pubmed and SCOPUS databases. Results: From the search results of 675 studies, 98 were included in this scoping review. TBOCP has a myriad of presenting symptoms and clinical severity but is notably an asthma mimic, displaying an obstructive pattern on spirometry. Bronchoscopic tools were the most common interventional diagnostic or management tool. Conclusion: While the etiology of TBOCP remains unknown, clinicians are alerted to its varied presentations and classical histopathological and gross morphological appearance.

Upper airway obstruction patterns among non-obese individuals with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea

BackgroundSnoring is an inspiratory noise due to partialobstruction of the upper airways. It is commonly linked to a sleep problem known as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The clinical criteria of OSA in non-obese patients are distinct and warrant more investigation, despite being well-studied in the obese population.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to provide a diagnostic profile of snoring and OSA in non-obese patients using various assessment tools in order to identify upper airway obstruction patterns and potential risk factors in these patients to improve their management and prevent related comorbidities.MethodologyAn observational cross-sectional study of 30 non-obese (BMI < 29.9) snorers (18 males and 12 females) with a mean age of 38.13 ± 8.4 years. All patients underwent polysomnography and thorough clinical examination, including searching for possible risk factors/co-morbidity, Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), Mallampati score, awake upper airway endoscopy combined with Muller maneuver, and drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).ResultsOSA presented in 80% of our patients, the age range of 17–58 years, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) mean 20.63 ± 17.8 event/h, and its severity was mild 7 (23.3%), moderate 6 (20%), and severe 11 (36.7%). Findings of oral and nasal examination showed no association with AHI. Also, sleep endoscopy findings regarding specific structures causing upper airway obstruction showed no significant association. A positive correlation was found between the extent of retropalatal airway collapse and AHI. A notable association was found between smoking and AHI as a risk factor for OSA in non-obese individuals. No significant relationship was found between ESS, concomitant diseases, and AHI.ConclusionOSA is common in non-obese patients and probably may be attributed to retropalatal/oropharyngeal airway collapse and associated with smoking as a risk factor. Further studies are warranted to reveal other pathophysiological aspects in this group of patients.

Abnormal spirometric patterns and respiratory symptoms in HIV patients with no recent pulmonary infection in a periurban hospital in Ghana.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with chronic airway obstruction, even in patients who have achieved viral suppression from combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). Spirometry is a supplementary test that aids in diagnosing pulmonary dysfunction in people living with HIV. To compare the prevalence of spirometric abnormalities among cART-treated HIV patients and cART-naïve HIV patients with non-HIV controls with no recent history of pulmonary infection in a peri-urban hospital in Ghana. In a case-control design, spirometry was performed in 158 cART-treated HIV patients, 150 cART-naïve HIV patients and 156 non-HIV controls. Clinical, sociodemographic data and respiratory symptoms were collected using a structured questionnaire. Spirometric abnormalities were categorised as obstructive (OSP) or restrictive (RSP) spirometric patterns based on the Cameroonian reference equation. The prevalence of OSP was higher in the cART-treated and cART-naïve HIV patients compared to non-HIV controls (13.9% vs 10.7% vs 5.1% respectively, p = 0.026), whereas that of RSP was similar among the study groups. Respiratory symptoms were common among cART-treated and cART-naïve HIV patients compared to non-HIV controls (48.1% vs 40% vs 19.2% respectively, p < 0.001). The major factors associated with OSP were female gender [OR (95% CI) = 2.46 (1.09-5.13), p = 0.031], former cigarette smoking [1.92 (1.04-3.89), p < 0.001], exposure to medium-to-high levels of biomass [3.07 (1.16-8.73), p = 0.019], presence of a respiratory symptom [1.89 (1.11-5.08), p = 0.029] and unemployment [3.26 (1.19-8.95), p = 0.042]. The major determinants of RSP were age, female gender [1.74 (1.05-4.29), p = 0.041], former cigarette smoking [2.31 (1.27-6.77), p < 0.001] and medium-to-high biomass exposure [1.58 (1.06-5.37), p = 0.043]. In HIV patients without any recent pulmonary infection in a peri-urban area of Ghana, there was a higher prevalence of OSP among cART-treated and cART naïve HIV patients compared to the non-HIV control. However, the prevalence of RSP was similar among HIV patients and non-HIV controls.

Sex Differences in Obstructive Patterns on Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy.

To identify and characterize sex differences in collapse patterns on drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Retrospective cohort analysis. An outpatient tertiary care academic medical center. A retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary care institution was performed from 2020 to 2023. All adult patients who underwent a DISE were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare differences between males and females on DISE. 117 patients who underwent DISE were included in this study, including 30% females (n = 35). The average age was 54.7 years (SD 15.2), mean BMI was 28.6 kg/m2 (SD 4.1), and mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 32.3 events per hour (SD 21.3). Most patients had severe OSA (48.7%). There was no difference in palatine or lingual tonsil size between sexes. On DISE, a significantly lower proportion of females demonstrated complete oropharyngeal lateral wall collapse (25.7% females vs 51.2% males, P = .008). Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex was independently associated with the presence of complete collapse at the oropharynx (odds ratio [OR] 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.005-1.868], P = .048) but not at other levels. Additionally, higher BMI was associated with any collapse (partial or complete) at the oropharynx (OR 1.30, 95% CI [0.131-0.392], P < .001). This study demonstrates that a lower proportion of females have complete oropharyngeal lateral wall collapse even when controlling for BMI and AHI. Additional studies are needed to better understand the differences in OSA physiology between the sexes.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load on restrictive spirometry patterns in mild COVID-19 recovered middle-aged individuals: a six-month prospective study

BackgroundLong term respiratory complications of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) are of great concern. Many studies have reported altered respiratory patterns in COVID-19 recovered individuals and most of them were from severe to critically ill patients. The association of viral load at the time of infection with symptoms of long COVID-19 specifically on pulmonary functions after months of recovery is still not known. This study was aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load during mild-moderate COVID-19 disease on pulmonary functions in middle-aged population after 6–8 months of acute infection.MethodsThis study included 300 (102 healthy controls and 198 COVID-19 recovered) individuals between age 30–60 of either gender. Mild-moderate COVID-19 recovered individuals were recruited between a period of 6–8 months post-acute infection. Spirometry was performed with MIR-Spirolab-III. The association of spirometry pattern was compared with SARS-CoV-2 viral loads during acute infection.ResultsWe observed up to 70% of the participants presented with either shortness of breath (11.5%), body aches (23.5%), recurrent cough (4.4%), recurrent respiratory infections (9.5%) and/or fatigue (33.3%) at follow up. In our study, 35.5% of COVID-19 recovered individuals had abnormal respiratory patterns (33.5% had restrictive and 2% had obstructive patterns). Viral load ≤ 20 CT value was associated with restrictive respiratory patterns (p = 0.004). No association was found between viral load and disease severity (p = 0.23).ConclusionIn this study, we found one third of mild-moderate COVID-19 recovered individuals have restrictive respiratory patterns after 6–8 months of recovery. These findings had a strong association with SARS-CoV-2 viral loads during acute infection which has been reported for the first time in our study. Studying the relationship between viral load and pulmonary functions can contribute to identifying potential risk factors for long COVID and developing preventive measures to mitigate the long-term impact on lung health.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Role of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in patients with sickle cell disease

IntroductionPatients with sickle cell disease exhibit different patterns in pulmonary function tests. In particular, there is little evidence on the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) test, and its value ranges and its interpretation in these patients have been under debate in recent years. MethodsWe conduced a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study between November 2021 and January 2023 including patients aged 6–18 years with sickle cell disease able to perform the FeNO test. We applied the GLI-2012 reference values and the ERS/ATS standards. We defined statistical significance as P < 0.05. ResultsThe sample included 43 patients with a median age of 12 years (IQR, 10−15). We did not find an association between significantly elevated FeNO (≥25 ppb) and the diagnosis of asthma (P = 0.37), an obstructive pattern in spirometry (P = 0.67), a positive bronchodilator test (P = 0.53), clinical bronchial hyperreactivity in the context of cold or flu-like symptoms (P = 0.48), cough with exercise (P = 0.42) or nocturnal cough (P = 1.0), but found an association with peripheral eosinophilia (P < 0.01). ConclusionsWe found no association between FeNO values and the classic features of asthma (clinical or spirometric) in patients with sickle cell disease. Therefore, airway inflammation mechanisms are probably different in these patients.

Prevalence and Pattern of Urinary Tract Obstruction in Patients with Urolithiasis in Southeast Nigeria

Abstract Background: Urolithiasis is a global problem and its prevalence is steadily increasing. This trend is also true in tropical and sub-Saharan Africa. Urinary tract obstruction is a common complication of untreated urolithiasis. Data on the prevalence and pattern of this obstruction are limited in the literature. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of urinary tract obstruction in patients with urinary stone disease. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out over 9 years between April 2013 and June 2022. Records of patients who had abdominopelvic computerized tomography scans done at Hansa Clinics Enugu were retrieved for this study. From the medical records, the age and gender of the patients were extracted. The pattern and degree of obstruction noted on the imaging were recorded. Data were described using frequencies and proportions in tables and graphs. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, version 26.0. Results: Out of 2467 subjects reviewed, urinary tract stones were identified in 356 subjects (14.4%). The mean age of the subjects was 49 ± 15.7 years. The majority were males (57.0%). In those with urinary tract obstruction, the majority had hydronephrosis (67.9%) followed by hydroureter (43.0%) and pelvocaliectasis (37.6%). Conclusion: Urinary tract obstruction with stones is common, and often associated with hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Therefore, early detection and management using relevant imaging techniques will go a long way in reducing the burden of renal failure which is a serious possible sequelae.

Correlation of spirometry findings and post-six-minute walk test oxygen desaturation in chronic simple silicosis patients with age, duration of silica exposure, smoking pack years, occupation and mean pulmonary artery pressure.

Silicosis is associated with preventable but irreversible lung damage. Early quantifiable assessment of silicosis workers would promote early interventional steps to reduce health deterioration. The objectives of this study were to correlate spirometry findings and post-six-minute walk test oxygen desaturation (post-6MWT OD) in chronic simple silicosis with age, duration of silica exposure (DSE), smoking pack years (SPY), occupation, and mean pulmonary artery pressure. Based on occupational exposure to silica and radiologic confirmation of chronic simple silicosis, 104 patients (all males) were enrolled and grouped based on SPY (nil, 1-10, 11-20, and >20) and occupation (drillers and dressers). They were further investigated with spirometry, post-6MWT OD, and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and findings were statistically analyzed. Abnormal spirometry findings were seen in 62.5% of total cases (65/104), with the highest percentage in the >20 SPY group (84%; 21/25) and drillers (68.3%; 28/41). The post-6MWT OD was seen in 50.96% of cases (53/104) with the highest percentage in the >20 SPY group (56%; 14/25) and drillers (63.4%; 26/41). Normal and restrictive patterns were predominant among <20 SPY groups, while obstructive and mixed patterns were prevalent in the >20 SPY group. Normal, obstructive, and restrictive patterns were predominant among dressers, while mixed patterns were in drillers. Mean age and mean DSE were higher for >20 SPY group and dressers; obstructive and mixed patterns; and patients with post-6MWT OD. Pulmonary hypertension was significantly associated with the presence of abnormal spirometry patterns (69.3%; 45/65) and post-6MWT OD (79.3%; 42/53). Mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) was significantly lower for the >20 SPY group. Mean FEV1 had an inverse relation with SPY, and mean FVC was lower for drillers than dressers. Spirometry, post-6MWT OD, and TTE assessment give a complete overview of the cardiopulmonary exercise capacity of chronic silicosis patients and facilitate early interventions with special consideration for workers involved in machine-based mining activity.

Lung function at 1-year follow-up in patients with persistent dyspnea after mild COVID-19 – comparisons with moderate and critical COVID-19

Aim: To assess lung function in patients with persistent dyspnea 1 year after mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare with those hospitalized with moderate or critical COVID-19. Methods: Adults with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection with mild COVID-19 and persistent dyspnea (n = 18) or with moderate (n = 34) or critical COVID-19 (n = 19) were followed up 11–13 months after initial infection. Inclusion criteria were age &lt; 65 years, no smoking history, and no preexisting respiratory diseases. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and patients underwent spirometry and measurement of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Results: The non-hospitalized patients were significantly younger and more often female compared with those in the moderate and critical groups (P = 0.002 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). No significant differences in comorbidities or body mass index (BMI) were noted between severity groups. An obstructive spirometry pattern (ratio of forced expiratory volume during the first exhalation second to forced vital capacity under the lower limit of normal (LLN)) was found in 5.6, 5.9, and 5.3% of patients in the mild, moderate, and critical groups, respectively (P = 0.995). Abnormal DLCO (&lt; LLN) rates were seen in 5.6, 16.7, and 47.4% in the mild, moderate, and critical groups, respectively (P = 0.018). DLCO, expressed as a z-score, was significantly lower in the critical group compared with the mild group after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. Conclusion: Only a few subjects with mild COVID-19 and persistent dyspnea had abnormal lung function 1 year after initial infection, assessed based on spirometry and DLCO measurements. An obstructive spirometry pattern at 1-year follow-up was uncommon even in patients with moderate or critical COVID-19. Impaired DLCO was more common in patients with critical COVID-19.

Lung Function Impairment Among Paint Factory Workers: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study.

A paint factory or manufacturing is a vocation characterized by exposure to chemical hazards during production. Paint exposure plays a great role in the incidence of several health problems, particularly respiratory diseases. The study aims to assess the pattern of spirometric indices amongthe study population. This cross-sectional study of paint factory workers (PFWs)assesses their spirometric findings in Delta State, Nigeria. The participants for this study were divided into two groups; the PFWs and the non-PFWs (NPFW) which serve as the control group. Hundredand 200participants wererecruited for the study group and control, respectively. Among the participants in the paint worker cohort, 45 individuals (45.0%) had been employed for less than five years while 14 (14.0%) had worked over 10 years. Eighty-eight (88%) are aware of PPE; however, only 12 (12.0%) use them always.Findings show that 178(89.0%) vs. seven (7.0%) of NPFW and PFW had normal pulmonary function tests. The spirometric abnormalities within the PFW group were obstructive lung diseaseaffecting 59 (59.0%) of the cohort while 34 (34.0%) had restrictive lung patterns. Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from paint fumesis associated with spirometric abnormalities with obstructive patterns more predominant than restrictive patterns.

A study on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants among underground coal mine workers in Bankola area, Durgapur, West Bengal

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide that effectuate an economic and social burden that is both considerable and progressive. Mortality from respiratory disease remains an important occupational hazard among coal miners. Inhalation of coal mine dust is known to cause several respiratory diseases including COPD. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of COPD among coal miners and to find out the predictors of the same in Bankola Area, Durgapur, West Bengal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 315 coal miners selected by simple random sampling from the list of mines in Bankola Area, Durgapur, West Bengal. The required data was collected by face-to-face interview with the help of a predesigned pretested questionnaire and subsequently clinical examination along with spirometry in an eligible subset of population. Data thus collected had been analysed by SPSS 16.0 version. Results: Prevalence of COPD among mines was found to be 11.7%. Most of the miners showing obstructive pattern, had Grade 2 severity of airflow limitation (43.2%) whereas 8.2% had Grade 4 severity. Multivariate analyses revealed that miners who were smoking for more than 20 years, working in highly dusty areas and those who were working at coal face had higher odds of developing COPD. Conclusions: Addressing substance use as well as improvement in working environment including use of personal protective equipment can holistically lead to better respiratory health of the miners.

Age-related Variation in Sleep-dependent Obstruction in Surgically Naive Children.

Little is known about age-related variations in sites and grade of sleep-dependent airway obstruction in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB). The objective was to compare sites and grade of obstruction on drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) across different age groups of surgically naïve children with OSA or oSDB. A retrospective chart review was performed for surgically naïve children aged 0-18 years with OSA/oSDB who underwent DISE from July 2021 to August 2023. Participants were categorized into: infants (aged 0-1 years), younger toddlers (aged 1-2 years), older toddlers (aged 2-3 years), preschool (aged 3-5 years), younger school-aged (aged 5-10 years), and older school-aged (aged 10-18 years). On DISE, obstruction was rated 0 = none/mild, 1 = moderate, 2 = severe for inferior turbinates, adenoid, velum, palatine tonsils/lateral pharyngeal wall, lingual tonsils, tongue base, epiglottis, and supra-arytenoid tissue. A series of multiple regression analyses were used to identify age differences in the grade of obstruction across all sites combined and at each individual site separately. The sample consisted of 252 children aged 1 month to 17 years with 57.9% males. Older patients had greater total obstruction scores (B = 0.42, SE = 0.10, p < 0.01) and greater number of sites that were severely obstructed (B = 0.11, SE = 0.05, p = 0.03). Older age groups had more obstruction at inferior turbinates (p = 0.02), adenoid (p < 0.01), palatine tonsils/lateral pharyngeal wall (p < 0.01), lingual tonsil (p < 0.01), and base of tongue (p < 0.01). Younger age groups had more obstruction at the supra-arytenoid tissue (p < 0.01). Varying patterns of sleep-dependent airway obstruction should be expected across different age groups in children with OSA or oSDB. 3 Laryngoscope, 2024.

Whole Gut Transit Scintigraphy for the Assessment of Patients with Symptoms of Chronic Constipation

IntroductionWhole gut transit scintigraphy (WGTS) can detect delayed colonic transit (CT), different types of CT delays, and assess upper GI tract transit.AimTo delineate the frequency of different types of CT patterns in patients with chronic constipation (CC), determine the relationship between these CT patterns and upper GI tract transit abnormalities, and assess how symptoms relate to different colonic transit patterns.MethodsRetrospective review of patients who had WGTS for CC. Patients completed a modified PAGI-SYM questionnaire to assess symptoms. Patients ingested a standard solid (Tc-99m egg sandwich)–liquid (In-111 water) meal to assess solid meal gastric emptying (GE), liquid GE, small bowel transit (SBT), and geometric center of colonic activity at 24, 48, and 72h.ResultsOne hundred and eighty six patients underwent WGTS. Main symptoms were constipation (41%), nausea (24%), and bloating (22%). CT assessment showed 32% of patients had normal transit, 31% colonic inertia (CI), 28% functional rectosigmoid obstruction (FRS0), and 9% generalized slow colonic transit (GSCT). GE was delayed in 36%; more commonly in CI and FRSO. SBT was delayed in 19%; more commonly in GSCT and CI. Patients with CI had less bowel movements per week whereas patients with normal CT had more bm/week.ConclusionsIn this series of patients with symptomatic constipation, WGTS assessment showed delayed colonic transit in 68% of patients, with 31% having colonic inertia, 28% a functional rectosigmoid obstruction pattern, and 9% generalized delay in colonic transit. Abnormalities in GE and SBT were present in 36 and 19%. WGTS is helpful to document delayed colonic transit (CT), assess the pattern of the delay in CT, and determine if there are upper GI transit abnormalities.

Association of naples prognostic score and lung health: A population-based study

BackgroundThe Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) is a novel indicator of inflammatory and nutritional status, but its relationship to lung health is unknown. ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship of NPS to lung health problems. MethodsA total of 15,600 participants aged 20 years or older with an available assessment of chronic lung diseases were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012. The NPS was calculated based on serum albumin, total cholesterol, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio. Associations of NPS with chronic lung disease (diagnosed asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema), respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm production, wheeze, and exertional dyspnea), and spirometric measurements (FEV1, FVC, and obstructive or restrictive spirometry pattern) were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multiple Cox regressions were used to assess the significance of NPS in relation to all-cause mortality and chronic lower respiratory diseases mortality in participants. Furthermore, to comprehensively assess the association between NSP and chronic lower respiratory diseases mortality, Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards model was performed to analyze non-chronic lower respiratory diseases mortality as a competitive risk. ResultsPeople with a higher NPS score were associated with greater odds of asthma, chronic bronchitis, respiratory symptoms (including phlegm production, wheeze, and exertional dyspnea), and a greater risk of obstructive and restrictive spirometry. A higher NPS score was significantly associated with decreased FEV1 and FVC in both overall participants and those with lung health problems. Longitudinally, we found that those in the category with highest NPS were at greater risk of all-cause mortality and chronic lower respiratory diseases mortality in those with chronic lung disease, and respiratory symptoms. ConclusionsAn elevated NPS is associated with a host of adverse pulmonary outcomes. Prospective studies to define NPS as a biomarker for impaired lung health are warranted.

Post-discharge spirometry evaluation in patients recovering from moderate-to-critical COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

Understanding the prevalence of abnormal lung function and its associated factors among patients recovering from COVID-19 is crucial for enhancing post-COVID care strategies. This study primarily aimed to determine the prevalence and types of spirometry abnormalities among post-COVID-19 patients in Malaysia, with a secondary objective of identifying its associated factors. Conducted at the COVID-19 Research Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology MARA, from March 2021 to December 2022, this study included patients at least three months post-discharge from hospitals following moderate-to-critical COVID-19. Of 408 patients studied, abnormal spirometry was found in 46.8%, with 28.4% exhibiting a restrictive pattern, 17.4% showing preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), and 1.0% displaying an obstructive pattern. Factors independently associated with abnormal spirometry included consolidation on chest X-ray (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.75–37.42, p = 0.008), underlying cardiovascular disease (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.19–10.47, p = 0.023), ground-glass opacity on chest X-ray (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.52–4.30, p < 0.001), and oxygen desaturation during the 6-min walk test (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.20–3.06, p = 0.007). This study highlights that patients recovering from moderate-to-critical COVID-19 often exhibit abnormal spirometry, notably a restrictive pattern and PRISm. Routine spirometry screening for high-risk patients is recommended.

Long-term lung function follow-up of preterm infants less than 32 weeks of gestational age.

Preterm infants, particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), are at risk of lung development problems. Over the last decades, lung protective strategies have been used, decreasing the risk of chronic lung disease. To evaluate the pulmonary function test (PFT) of preterm infants born after the introduction of lung protective strategies and to assess perinatal determinants of impaired lung function in this population. A prospective, observational, single-center study was conducted in the neonatal unit of a high-complexity hospital. The study included newborns withless than 32 weeks gestational age born between 2012 and 2014, who were followed up until they reach school age. For the main outcome, two groups were stablished: no BPD or grade 1 BPD (no BPD/1) and grade 2 or 3 BPD (BPD 2/3). Out of 327 patients, 116 were included. BPD was diagnosed in 49.1% (47), with 50.9% (29) classified as grade 1, 35.1% (20) as grade 2, and 14.0% (8) as grade 3. Mean age at PFT was 8.59 years (SD 0.90). Mean FEV1% was 95.36% (SD 13.21) and FEV1 z-score -0.36 (SD 1.12); FVC% 97.53% (SD 12.59) and FVC z-score -0.20 (SD 1.06); FEV1/FVC ratio 85.84% (SD 8.34) and z-score -0.24 (SD 1.34). When comparing patients with no BPD/1 and BPD 2/3, we observed differences in all pulmonary function parameters, which persisted after adjusting for gestational age. No differences in PFT were observed between patients without BPD and those with grade 1 BPD. Most patients (76.7%, 89) had normal spirometry pattern, with obstructive pattern observed in 12.9% (15), restrictive pattern in 9.5% (11), and mixed pattern in 0.9% (1) of patients. Preterm infants with BPD 2/3 showed a decrease in all pulmonary function parameters compared to preterm infants with no BPD/1; an effect that was independent of gestational age. Among patients with BPD who had an altered PFT pattern, the most common pattern was obstructive, followed by restrictive and then, mixed.

Making sense of spirometry without lung volume estimation: Beyond obstructive, restrictive, and normal patterns

Making sense of spirometry without lung volume estimation: Beyond obstructive, restrictive, and normal patterns

Evaluation of Pulmonary Status of Post-Tuberculosis Patients with Spirometry and Chest X-Ray

In 2022, 7.5 million new cases of tuberculosis were reported worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in tuberculosis, an infectious disease mostly affecting the lungs. However, many completely treated post-tubercular patients experience persistent changes in lung anatomy (bronchial and parenchymal structure), Increasing their risk of lung complications and early death. These changes affect the airway's size, leading to higher resistance and decreased airflow. Our study aimed to assess the overall clinical status and lung function of treated post tuberculosis patients using spirometry. The study constituted patients over the age of 18 who presented to the Outpatient department of the Pulmonary Medicine Department, Chettinad Hospital and research institute, Kelambakkam, after receiving complete treatment and being certified cured. Convenience sampling technique was used, 87 patients participated in this trial. The Institutional Ethical Committee approved the study, which lasted 18 months. A proforma was used to collect a complete socio-demographic history and clinical history, particularly in terms of pulmonary symptomatology, and information about previous anti-tb treatment. Each of these patients had chest radiography, smear microscopy, and lung function testing. Mean age was 44.1± 15.2 years, mean BMI was 22.27 ± 3.66 kg/m2. There were 66.2% men and 33.8% females. 42% employed and 52% literate. In the current study, 41(53.25%) of the individuals reported dyspnea and 22(28.57%) had dry cough, cough with expectoration 12(15.58%), Fever 8(10.4%), Haemoptysis 7(9%), chest pain 2(2.6%). Following Post tuberculosis treatment, 38(44%) had normal chest radiographs, 31(35.6%) of the patients had fibrosis/Fibrotic strand, 8(9.1%) had consolidation, 5(5.7%) had ectatic changes, 3(3.4%) had fibrocavity, 1(1%) had calcification and cicatricial collapse. In the current study, we found that 31(40.25%) had normal spirometry followed by 23(29.87%) had mixed pattern and 12(15.6%) had restrictive pattern findings, 11(14.28%) had obstructive pattern findings. In spite of appropriate suggestions, the majority of post-tb pulmonary impairment individuals suffer in quiet or undergo poor medical care. As a result, comprehensive recommendations for patient follow-up following tuberculosis treatment are required in order to monitor lung function and provide appropriate care to improve quality of life.

Analysis of clinical characteristics of different types of lung function impaiement in TDL patients

AimThe clinical characteristics associated with pulmonary function decline in patients with Tuberculosis-destroyed lung (TDL) remain uncertain. We categorize them based on the pattern of pulmonary function impairment, distinguishing between restrictive spirometric pattern (RSP) and obstructive spirometric pattern (OSP). We aim to compare the severity of these patterns with the clinical characteristics of TDL patients and analyze their correlation.MethodWe conducted a retrospective analysis on the clinical data of TDL patients who underwent consecutive pulmonary function tests (PFT) from November 2002 to February 2023. We used the lower limit formula for normal values based on the 2012 Global Lung Function Initiative. We compared the clinical characteristics of RSP patients with those of OSP patients. The characteristics of RSP patients were analyzed using the tertiles of forced vital capacity percentage predicted (FVC% pred) decline based on PFT measurements, and the characteristics of OSP patients were analyzed using the tertiles of forced expiratory volume in 1 s percentage predicted (FEV1% pred) decline.ResultAmong the RSP patients, those in the Tertile1 group (with lower FVC% pred) were more likely to have a higher of body mass index (BMI), spinal deformities, and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to the other two groups (P for trend < 0.001, 0.027, and 0.013, respectively). Among OSP patients, those in the Tertile1 group (with lower FEV1% pred) showed an increasing trend in cough symptoms and contralateral lung infection compared to the Tertile 2–3 group (P for trend 0.036 and 0.009, respectively).ConclusionFor TDL patients, we observed that Patients with high BMI, a higher proportion of spinal scoliosis, and abnormal elevation of CRP levels were more likely to have reduced FVC. Patients with decreased FEV1% pred have more frequent cough symptoms and a higher proportion of lung infections on the affected side.