The report of the Lancet Commission on 70 years of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) in China 1 Qiao J Wang Y Li X et al. A Lancet Commission on 70 years of women's reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health in China. Lancet. 2021; (published online May 24.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32708-2 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (63) Google Scholar describes the country's achievements and discusses policy and socioeconomic transitions, and their impact on epidemiological and demographic transitions. Current challenges are identified by the Commission, including low fertility, the ageing population, undernutrition and overnutrition, and emerging diseases as China moves towards its final stage of ending preventable maternal 2 Souza JP Tunçalp Ö Vogel JP et al. Obstetric transition: the pathway towards ending preventable maternal deaths. BJOG. 2014; 121: 1-4 Crossref PubMed Scopus (133) Google Scholar and neonatal deaths. To move from the goal of surviving to thriving, actions to ensure quality care, dignity, equity, and universal coverage of RMNCAH services should be implemented. Alongside emphasising China's unique history, sociocultural factors, and hierarchical RMNCAH system, the Commission presents some key lessons for low-income and low-middle-income countries (LMICs). A Lancet Commission on 70 years of women's reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health in ChinaWomen's reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) is a cornerstone for the healthy development of the next generation and a driving force for the progress of population and society in the future, especially in this era of population ageing and low fertility in China. In past decades, China's RMNCAH has made remarkable achievements in development goals related to reducing maternal and child mortality. However, as China moves towards a thriving goal—namely, towards ensuring health and wellbeing—the country faces emerging problems and new challenges in RMNCAH. Full-Text PDF