Observation Study Research Articles

Analisis Biaya Produksi dalam Peningkatan Penjualan

This study aims to analyze production costs in increasing sales in the Sultan Bakery small industry in Bandarjo Dusun II, Kec.Pasaman, Kab.Pasaman Barat. The main focus of the research includes the relationship between production costs and selling prices, the effectiveness of production cost management on profit margins and increased sales, and factors that influence production costs in the context of market competitiveness. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, where data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that efficiency in managing production costs has a significant influence on the ability of businesses to set competitive selling prices. The main factors that support this efficiency include raw material management, labor optimization, and overhead cost control. In addition, the selection of quality raw materials and effective labor management help maintain cost stability without compromising product quality. This strategy not only maintains customer loyalty but also increases the competitiveness of the business in the local market. The increase in sales achieved by Sultan Bakery is consistently supported by planned cost management, production scale efficiency, and the application of modern technology. This study concludes that production cost efficiency plays an important role in supporting profit margins, increasing sales, and strengthening the competitiveness of small businesses in the local market.

Transseptal Sheath Perfused with High Concentration Heparinized Saline for Reducing Sheath-associated Thrombus.

Transseptal catheterization is critical for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation but risks thromboembolism. Transseptal sheaths (TSS) were suggested for continuous heparinized saline solution flush. The safety and effectiveness of a simple TSS management to reduce sheath-associated thrombus development risk was investigated. AF patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation with the simple TSS management were studied under a retrospective multi-center observation study and a prospective single-center observation study. TSS and dilators were washed and perfused with high concentration heparinized saline (20u/mL). Immediately after two successful transseptal punctures, activated clotting time ≥300s was maintained by heparin infusion. TSS aspiration with negative suction and re-perfusion with high concentration heparinized saline (20u/mL) was performed for the remaining procedure before and after catheter withdrawal. A total of 4765 AF patients underwent 5367 ablation procedures were enrolled in the retrospective study, involving 156 (2.9% per procedure) complications. No acute stroke occurred during all the procedures. Perioperative thromboembolic complications occurred in 10 (0.21%) patients and in 10 (0.19%) procedures. Thromboembolic complications occurred within 24 h, between 24-48 h, and after 48 h post-procedure in six, two, and two patients, respectively. In the prospective observation study, neither sheath- nor catheter-associated thrombus were detected by the intracardiac echocardiography during all 127 procedures, without any perioperative thromboembolic complications. No hemorrhagic cerebrovascular complication was encountered in both observational studies. For AF radiofrequency ablation, it was safe and effective for TSS high concentration heparinized saline infusion only. This approach could avoid sheath-associated thrombus for interventional procedures.

ANALISIS STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MENGGUNAKAN BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS (STUDI KASUS DI KOLAM BENIH DAN KONSUMSI PEMUDA PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN LELE CILEUNYI KABUPATEN BANDUNG)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the business model of the Cileunyi Catfish Cultivation Youth Seed and Consumption Pool using the Business Model Canvas, and analyze the development strategy of the catfish farming business at the Cileunyi Catfish Cultivation Youth Seed and Consumption Pool. This research was conducted at the Catfish Cultivation Youth Seed and Consumption Pool, on Jalan Cibiru Beet Ds. Cileunyi Wetan Kec. Cileunyi Kab. Bandung, West Java. The research method used is a case study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by observation, questionnaires, interviews, and literature studies. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling method with a total of 31 respondents. The analysis used is business model canvas analysis, and SWOT analysis. The results of the Business Model Canvas analysis, the authors identified key elements utilizing 9 variables, namely customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities and cost structures that contribute to the success of the catfish farming business. The results of the SWOT analysis obtained the position of the X axis (0.17) and the Y axis (0.38) are in quadrant I, which means that the strategy applied is an aggressive strategy (S-O), namely utilizing existing strengths to seize the maximum opportunity.

The Impact of the Farming Gardening Project Method Through Moving Classes on the Social and Emotional Behaviour of Kindergarten Age Children

This research problem focuses on the low ability of kindergarten B children in terms of cooperation, helping, discipline, self-confidence, and self-control. So, to overcome this problem, this study aims to analyze the impact of the farming gardening project method through moving classes on improving the social and emotional behavior of kindergarten B children. This type of research is an experiment with a quasi-experimental design. The research subjects comprised 40 kindergarten B children divided into two groups: an experimental group of 20 children and a control group of 20 children. Data collection methods used observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research instruments included social and emotional behavior observation sheets and interview guides. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques with the help of the SPSS 12.0 for Windows program. The results showed that children in the experimental group who applied the farming gardening project method through moving class significantly improved social and emotional behavior compared to the control group who used conventional learning methods. Statistically, the difference in children's social and emotional behavior between the experimental and control groups was significant for social and emotional behavior. The conclusion of this study shows that the farming gardening project method through moving classes is efficacious in improving the social and emotional behavior of kindergarten B children. The implication of this study is the importance of applying project-based methods in learning activities to stimulate children's social and emotional development holistically.

Implementation of Subsidized Fertilizer Policy in Kotamobagu City

The objectives of this research are 1) to know, analyze, and describe the Implementation of Subsidized Fertilizer Policy in Kotamobagu City; 2) To find out and analyze and describe the factors that influence the Implementation of Subsidized Fertilizer Policy in Kotamobagu City. This research uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. In this study, the focus of research is the implementation of subsidized fertilizer policies for farmers in Kotamobagu City with sub-focus research on sufficiency, equity, and accuracy. Informants in this study were determined using purposive sampling. The results showed that the implementation of the fertilizer policy in Kotamobagu City has not been effective. The influencing factors are 1) fertilizer distribution is often late and uneven distribution, 2) The distribution of subsidized fertilizers is no longer realized based on the Group Needs Definitive Plan (RDKK) as well as weak coordination and lack of active role in the preparation and implementation of the Group Needs Definitive Plan (RDKK), and 3) The inaccuracy of fertilizer availability is detrimental to farmers. Therefore, the recommendations of this study are 1) strengthen distribution supervision, 2) increase the role of farmer groups, and 3) strengthen collaboration between stakeholders: local government, farmer groups, distributors, and other related parties.

Safety and efficacy of different transplant kidney biopsy techniques: comparison of two different coaxial techniques and needle types.

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy is essential for diagnosing medical renal disorders in transplant kidneys. A variety of techniques have been advocated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two different coaxial techniques and biopsy devices. This single-center dual-arm, observation study cohort included 1831 consecutive transplant kidney biopsies performed over a 68-month period. Two coaxial techniques were used, distinguished by whether the 17 gauge (G) coaxial needle was advanced into the renal cortex (intracapsular technique; IC) or to the edge of the cortex (extracapsular technique; EC). One of two needle types could be used with either technique: an 18G side-cutting (Bard Max-Core or Mission) or an 18G end-cutting (Biopince Ultra) needle. In all cases, the cortical tangential technique was used to reduce the risk of central artery transgression and unnecessary medullary sampling. Patients were monitored for 30 days post-procedurally and complications were evaluated using the SIR adverse event classification. Of the 1831 patients included in the study cohort, 13 suffered severe bleeding complications requiring operative intervention. Of these patients, 8 underwent biopsy with side-cutting needle and IC, 2 with side-cutting needle and approach not specified, 2 with end-cutting needle and IC, and 1 with end-cutting needle and EC. There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of bleeding complications between different coaxial techniques and needle types. However, there was a significantly increased chance of inadequate sampling when comparing the side-cutting needle (1.0%) to the end-cutting needle (0.1%). Transplant kidney biopsy performed with two different coaxial techniques and needle types did not show differences in bleeding complications. There is an increased risk of inadequate sampling when using side-cutting relative to end-cutting biopsy devices.

Implementasi Pengelolaan Kesiswaan dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan Berdasarkan Instrumen Akreditasi Satuan Pendidikan Tahun 2022 Di MIN 1 Kota Bandung

This study aims to analyze the implementation of student management in an effort to improve the quality of education at MIN 1 Bandung City based on the Education Unit Accreditation Instrument (IASP) in 2022. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that MIN 1 Bandung City has implemented student management in accordance with IASP 2022 standards, but there are still several aspects that need to be improved to achieve optimal education quality.

Improving Crude Oil Tank Inventory Stock Availability Through Compact Solution Method to Ensure National Fuel Supply Security at PT Kilang Pertamina International Unit VI Balongan

PT Pertamina International Refinery Unit VI Balongan plays a crucial role in maintaining national fuel oil (BBM) and special fuel (BBK) supply resilience. However, challenges such as declining crude oil storage capacity due to tank damage and limited space threaten the continuity of refinery operations and the stability of national energy supply. This study aims to address this issue by implementing the compact solution method to enhance crude oil stock availability and secure the national fuel supply. Using a quantitative approach with descriptive methods, the research collected data through observation, document review, and literature study. The data were analyzed qualitatively to assess the impact of the compact solution method. The results indicate a significant improvement in crude oil stock availability, which increased from 60.14% (using the off-stream repair method) to 72.9%. Additionally, the tank level was successfully increased to a maximum of 13,990 mm, adhering to API 650 or API 579 FFS Level 3 standards. This improvement extends the operational lifespan of the tank to 62 years, reducing maintenance costs and ensuring uninterrupted refinery operations. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the compact solution method in addressing crude oil tank capacity issues and securing national energy resilience. These results provide valuable insights for energy sector stakeholders in optimizing crude oil storage and refinery operations while minimizing repair costs and downtime.

Dampak Perceraian Terhadap Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Keluarga pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 di Kota Tegal

This study aims to determine the Impact of Divorce on Family Economic Welfare During the Covid 19 Pandemic In Tegal City. The sampling technique used was convenience or random sampling, namely by looking at respondents who were willing to be interviewed depending entirely on the convenience of the researcher (Sekaran, 2011). Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and literature study. The method of data analysis was qualitative using descriptive analysis used to describe how the work profile of the widow, the number of widows' debts, the level of education of the children, and the widow's efforts to maintain her economy for the needs of the family's life by going through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, draw conclusions and verify. The impact of divorce on the family economy is very much felt especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, where they have to be responsible to their families to replace the husband's role as the head of the household, do the work a man does, not only work to earn a living but they have to educate and care for them. his children. The steps they take to meet the needs of their family after a divorce, there are many ways they do, for example, side work or any work to make money to meet their needs.

Implementasi Budaya dan Iklim Organisasi di MIN 1 Medan Sumatera Utara

This research aims to explore: First, explore the organizational culture that occurs at MIN 1 Medan. Second, explore the characteristics of organizational culture that occur at MIN 1 Medan. Third, explore the development of the organizational climate that occurred at MIN 1 Medan. This research method is a qualitative type with a descriptive approach. The instruments used in this research were observation, interviews and documentation studies. The location of this research is MIN 1 Medan, North Sumatra. This research data analysis uses three steps, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the research show that: First, the organizational culture that occurs at MIN 1 Medan is the teaching and learning process, both teachers and students understand how it works, namely by helping each other, the leadership, namely the principal, teachers and staff work together in building the MIN School. 1 Medan will be even better in the future and the school management is relatively good between the Principal, Teachers, Staff and Students of MIN 1 Medan as well as the school culture. Second, the characteristics of organizational culture that occur at MIN 1 Medan, namely 1. Norms; Organizational culture in schools is also characterized by the existence of norms that contain standards of behavior for school members, both for students and teachers. 2. Philosophy; namely, the existence of policies relating to the organization's beliefs in treating school members. Organizational culture is characterized by the belief of all members of the organization in seeing things in an essential way. 3. Rules; namely the existence of strict guidelines, linked to the progress of the organization. Third, the development of the organizational climate that occurs at MIN 1 Medan, namely a) First, the implementation of the main character and mission of education as well as the promotion of basic moral values ​​in students. b) Second, the involvement and commitment of the school community (teachers, students and parents) in their work. c) Third, preventing violence and conflict in schools. d) Fourth, prohibition of verbal and psychological violence. e) Fifth, the principal and teachers treat students fairly, equally and with respect.

Community Typology and Voting Behavior in Elections: A Political Sociology Perspective

Regional head elections (Pilkada) are a democratic process that reflects the social dynamics of society in choosing leaders in regional elections, using a sociological approach to understand the social facts of society. This research aims to analyze typologies that influence voter preferences. This research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach in several regions that hold regional elections. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation studies. The research results show that society can be classified into several typologies, such as pragmatic voters, ideological voters, and traditional voters. Pragmatic voters tend to vote based on personal interests or direct benefits, while ideological voters place more emphasis on the candidate's vision, mission and work program. Meanwhile, traditional voters are influenced by cultural factors, kinship, or personal relationships with candidates. Social factors such as campaign intensity, influence of public figures, and access to information also play an important role in shaping voter preferences. These findings show that voting behavior patterns are not only determined by rational aspects, but also by social and cultural values ​​inherent in society. This research makes an important contribution in understanding voter behavior from a sociological perspective, which can be a reference for stakeholders in designing political strategies that are more inclusive and responsive to community needs. Apart from that, the results of this research can also enrich the study of political sociology, especially in the context of local democracy in Indonesia.

Analisis Makna Batik Ciprat Langitan Berbasis Etnopedagogis Sebagai Penguat Karakter Profil Pelajar

Education has a crucial role in the inheritance of values and culture, especially in the midst of globalization which can erode the nation's cultural identity and the integration of local wisdom values in the learning process is increasingly urgent to strengthen students' character. This is in accordance with national education goals emphasizing character development that reflects the values of Pancasila. This research aims to analyze the meaning of ethnopedagogically-based batik ciprat Langitan as character strengthening in accordance with the Pancasila Student Profile. The type of research used is ethnogographic research with descriptive qualitative research, which aims to understand social phenomena in their cultural context. The research subjects involved ciprat Langitan batik craftsmen in Simbatan, teachers who taught in schools that implemented learning based on local wisdom. Data collection methods were carried out through several techniques, including in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The results of the research show that the integration of batik ciliprat Langitan in the learning process is able to provide a significant positive impact. As students report increased enthusiasm in learning when batik materials, batik splashed sky helps students understand and appreciate their cultural heritage, batik motifs encourage student creativity, students show an increase in their creative abilities. Values such as mutual cooperation and cooperation in the batik making process are reflected in collaboration between students, respondents reported that Batik Ciprat Langitan better understands the importance of working together, and environmental awareness has also increased. These findings confirm that the ethnopedagogical approach to learning not only provides academic knowledge, but also contributes to the formation of strong character. The conclusion of this research is that through ethnopedagogical-based learning, students are expected to become a generation that is academically intelligent and has an understanding of national culture and identity, and is able to realize the values of Pancasila in everyday life.

Eksplorasi Udeng Pacul Gowang Sebagai Sumber Belajar EtnomatematikaDi Sekolah Dasar

One of the interesting things about Sidoarjo Regency is the strong heritage of Majapahit culture, including traditional clothing. Part of the traditional clothing complement is the typical Sidoarjo Udeng Pacul Gowang. The aim of this research is to dig deeper into the history of udeng pakul gowang, study the aesthetics of the shape of udeng made by craftsmen, foster a sense of love for culture by instilling a sense of pride and love for local culture, and make mathematics learning more interesting for students by integrating udeng pacul gowang making in mathematics learning. In ethnomathematics, udeng pacul gowang is used as a learning resource that can be linked to mathematics subjects. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative which focuses on understanding descriptions and interpretations in detail and emphasizes actual conditions without any manipulation. Data collection techniques with research are used to collect in-depth information from various sources, including through (1) interviews, (2) observation, and (3) documentation studies. The results of the research show that through the udeng pacul gowang learning resource, students can learn culture with various mathematical concepts including: counting concepts, algebra, geometry, measurement, and others. Thus, it is hoped that the government and schools will support the development of a curriculum based on local wisdom, so that students can learn mathematics in a context that is more relevant to their culture.

Observation and simulation studies of ionospheric F-region in the South American and Antarctic sectors in the intense geomagnetic storm of August 2018

Observation and simulation studies of ionospheric F-region in the South American and Antarctic sectors in the intense geomagnetic storm of August 2018

Clinical course and flare predictors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in low disease activity and ultrasound remission monitored by ultrasound yearly and on-demand: A prospective 2-year observation study

Introduction and objectivesUltrasound (US) remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) targets synovitis absence. Tenosynovitis triggers flares. Despite increased ultrasound use, flare patterns among patients with low disease activity (LDA) and ultrasound remission, especially in real-world settings, are poorly understood. This study examined flare rates and predictors of US remission in patients without synovitis or tenosynovitis. Materials and methodsIn a study of 88 patients achieving US remission and LDA, the focus was on the time to the first flare over a 2-year follow-up. US remission, indicated by the absence of active synovitis and tenosynovitis based on a power Doppler (US-PD) score of 0, was assessed on various joints. Flares are defined by the need for additional medication or encountering a US-PD flare. They were monitored at the baseline, 1-year, and 2-year visits with further US evaluation at clinical flare-ups. Baseline factors linked to a shorter time to flare were analyzed. ResultsAt 1 year, LDA and US remission rates were 75% and 92%, respectively, and at 2 years, 73% and 87% respectively. Over the 2 years, 40% experienced flare, occurring on average at 11.7±7.0 months. Notably, 5.7% have US-PD flares without clinical signs. Analysis revealed Stage III disease and CRP as factors linked to a shorter time to flare. Discussion and conclusionsIn patients with RA achieving LDA and US remission, frequent flares were observed with US remission over 2 years, but most maintained sustained remission. Baseline factors are essential for predicting flares, emphasizing continuous monitoring and personalized treatment to sustain remission and minimize flare risks in RA management.

Kebijakan Tentang Raperda Jogja Smart Province Pemerintah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Presidential Decree Number 20 of 2006 Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based government management known as E-Government is using information and communication technology in government processes to increase efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, and accountability in government administration. Management of government services using ICT is implementing electronic government based on ICT to improve government performance in its relations with society, the business community, and other related groups towards good and clean governance. The research used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, data collection techniques use FGD techniques, observation, interviews, and documentation or literature study. Implementation of data collection methods is adjusted to the depth of information that must be explored and the availability of resources. The data taken to conduct this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data collected directly from the source and/or derived from direct measurements of the object of study through in-depth interviews with key figures. The research results show that the vocabulary and concept of Jogja Smart Province have been mentioned a lot, becoming a measuring point in itself. From a normative juridical perspective, the scope and concept of a smart province already have a fairly strong legal basis. Either they are originating from central government policies or from the DIY Regional Government itself. However, several things need to be added and strengthened. Conceptually, there is a need to raise the level of regulations relating to Jogja Smart Province towards the formation of regional regulation, which begins with the drafting of a regional regulation.

PERAN PUSTAKAWAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT KUNJUNG SISWA KE PERPUSTAKAAN PADA SMAN 2 PAMEKASAN

The library is a place that contains all types and various fields of knowledge so that it is used as a learning resource. The aim of writing this article is to provide information to readers regarding the role of llibrarians in increasing students' interest in visiting the library at SMAN 2 Pamekasan. In writing this article, the author used descriptive qualitative research methods. Qualitative descriptive is the process of describing the results of a problem that occurs around you. The data collection techniques used by the author are observation,interviews, and literature study. Meanwhile, in data analysis, the author uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Theresults of this article are (1) Librarians provide services in the form of reference services, circulation services, provision of reading materials, arrangement of shelves, maintenance of facilities, and provision of internet access. (2) Efforts to increase interest in visiting include providing new and varied reading materials, providing services, and providing facilities and promotions. (3) Librarians must be able to establish good relationships with the school community to increase interest in visiting. (4) Factors that can influence visitor interest are health, fitness, interest, environment, facilities, motivation, and technology. (5) The challenges faced by librarians in visiting interests are competition between technologies, poor perception, lack of promotion, minimal collection of reading materials, lack of an OPACsystem, and lack of audio-visual media.

Social Solidarity of The Wadiabero-Haiya People Diaspora

The problem with migrant communities is that they often only show the phenomenon of earning a living for their families. It is not uncommon for migrant communities to live in one area and not show solidarity behavior, especially in their hometown. In contrast to the Wadiabero-Haiya migrants who show solidarity behavior for their hometown, namely in Wadiabero Village, Gu District, Central Buton Regency. The research uses descriptive qualitative methods, data obtained through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results of this research show that: (1) the Wadiabero-Haiya diaspora is spread across the archipelago and neighboring countries; In the archipelago, it is distributed on Papua Island, Maluku Island and its surroundings, on Sulawesi Island, Java Island, Kalimantan Island and Sumatra Island. In neighboring countries, spread across Sabah and Sarawak (2) ways to increase the solidarity of the Wadiabero-Haiya Diaspora Community, namely religious education, introduction to culture and social values, and example; (3) a form of social solidarity, namely mechanical solidarity in the form of a shared view to advance one's hometown, and organic solidarity in the form of mutual need between migrants from different areas for one's hometown. The solidarity created in Wadiabero Village is visible in religious activities, arts activities, and sports activities.

Police Preventive Strategy: The Effectiveness of Situational Crime Prevention in Controlling Prostitution Venues in Region X South Jakarta

Prostitution is a complex and intractable social problem in many countries, including Indonesia. The Blok M area, located in South Jakarta, has long been known as the center of prostitution activities. The method used in this research is a qualitative method using interview techniques, observation and literature study. The result of this research is that the police encourage active participation of the community in reporting prostitution activities and providing useful information for investigation. In addition, the police try to raise public awareness about the negative impact of prostitution and provide rehabilitation and social assistance to victims of prostitution who want to get out of the cycle of violence and exploitation. Despite the police's efforts, the problem of prostitution in the Blok M area cannot be fully addressed overnight. Prostitution involves a wider range of social, economic and cultural factors. Therefore, cooperation between the police, government, and the community must be continuously improved to achieve sustainable results in eradicating prostitution and protecting the community from its negative impacts. By analyzing the police's efforts in controlling prostitution venues in the Blok M area, this research is expected to provide a better understanding of the challenges and strategies applied in combating the problem of prostitution and provide input for more effective policies and measures in addressing this complex social problem.

Assessment of Human Resource Management Functions at RSUD Datu Sanggul

The public sector, particularly hospitals, plays a crucial role in the provision of quality health services. However, many hospitals, including RSUD Datu Sanggul, face challenges in human resource management (HRM) that result in service performance. This study aims to analyze the functions of human resource management (HRM) in the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Datu Sanggul and its impact on service performance, especially in the Surgical Poly. The method used is a qualitative approach with an exploratory design. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation studies, involving 14 hospital leaders as respondents. The results showed that the recruitment and selection process of medical personnel at RSUD Datu Sanggul was still less than optimal, with several inequities and competency mismatches. The implementation of training and development programs for medical personnel recorded activities, but the evaluation of the results was minimal, indicating a lack of impact on performance improvement. In addition, performance appraisal systems and compensation policies also need to be improved to attract and retain medical personnel. This study provides recommendations to improve transparency and standards in the recruitment process, training evaluation, and compensation policy adjustments in order to improve the quality of health services at RSUD Datu Sanggul