Observation Of Actual Performance Research Articles

Ecological assessment of cognitive functions in children with acquired brain injury: A systematic review

Background: Childhood acquired brain injury (ABI) often leads to impairment in cognitive functioning, resulting in disabilities in both the home and school environment. Assessing the impact of these cognitive deficits in everyday life using traditional neuropsychological tests has been challenging. This study systematically reviewed ecological measures of cognitive abilities available for children with ABI.Method: Eight databases were searched (until October 2011) for scales: (1) focused on ecological assessment of cognitive functioning; (2) with published data in an ABI population; (3) applicable to children up to 17;11 years of age; and (4) in English. The title and abstract of all papers were reviewed independently by two reviewers.Results: Database searches yielded a total of 12 504 references, of which 17 scales met the inclusion criteria for the review, focusing on executive functions (n = 9), memory (n = 3), general cognitive abilities (n = 2), visuo-spatial skills (n = 2) and attention (n = 1). Four tasks used observation of actual performance in a natural environment, five were proxy-reports and six were functional paper and pencil type tasks, performed in an office.Conclusion: Overall, few measures were found; eight were still experimental tasks which did not provide norms. Executive functions were better represented in ecological assessment, with relatively more standardized scales available.

Relationships Among Students' Self-perceived Competency, Knowledge- and Performance-Based Competencies in Foodservice Management

The research study focused on the issue: To what extent is the student's self-perceived competency or self-evaluation a reliable indicator of the effects of program instruction? The study investigated the proportion of variance in students' self-perceived competency associated with (a) knowledge-based competency as measured by paper-and-pencil test, (b) performance competency as measured by observation of actual performance, and (c) self-actualization as measured by Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory. Thirty-eight students in two meal management classes were studied. Results showed no relationship between self-actualization and selfperceived competency in foodservice management. A high correlation of .58 was shown between knowledge and self-perceived competency, and a correlation of .5O was shown between performance and self-perceived competency. Multiple regression analyses showed that a combination of knowledge and performance accounted for 52% of the total variance in self-perception. It appears...

A Modification of the Northwick Park ADL Index (The Australian ADL Index)

A modification of the Northwick Park ADL Index is being used by the Daw House Rehabilitation Unit, Repatriation General Hospital, South Australia. The modifications include some changes to make the test more suitable for Australian conditions, more specific task components, and observation of actual performance of the tasks rather than of simulation. It is applied to all stroke patients admitted to the unit, under test conditions. Scores are entered into a computer program and may be printed as a histogram. The results are available to clinical staff for treatment planning and evaluation, and to research staff as a research instrument. Data are being collected to evaluate the use of the ADL Index to predict the outcome of rehabilitation.

Performance of Sharon Ridge Canyon Unit with Water Injection

Although this waterflood had performed beautifully for fifteen years, a detailed geologic and engineering study revealed that if all areas of the unit were to be depleted efficiently the peripheral injection pattern would have to be modified. The moral: keep a gimlet eye on that flood; its beauty may be only skin deep. Introduction The Sharon Ridge Canyon Unit is located about 20 miles southwest of Snyder, Tex., and is one of several major oil fields producing along the Horseshoe Atoll trend of Pennsylvanian and early Permian age. Production is from a common reservoir with the Production is from a common reservoir with the SACROC and Diamond "M" Units. R. E. Smith is operator of the unit, which contains 13,712 acres and includes 344 wells producing from an average depth of 6,800 ft. Cumulative oil production through 1970 was 120 million bbl since discovery and cumulative water injection was 202 million bbl since unitization. The field's primary performance and early unit history were reported in 1961. The Sharon Ridge Unit is a good example of conservation and foresight by the working-interest owners: in 1951. only 2 years after discovery and at a time when the field was only 75 percent developed, an engineering committee recommended unitization with water injection to increase the ultimate recovery. Although the unit did not become effective until 1955, the field was still producing top allowable with little free gas saturation and a relatively low GOR at the time water injection was begun. Unit Performance Injection Pattern A peripheral water injection pattern was selected initially for the following reasons: To contain as much of the reservoir oil aspossible within the pattern area. To keep the initial investment low by using aminimum number of injection wells. To allow high-productivity wells located in thethick, central part of the reef to be the terminalproducing wells in the unit. Initial injection was into 22 wells located along the periphery. Later this number was increased to 39. To prevent oil migration, offsetting injection throughout the oil zone was maintained along the common boundary between the Sharon Ridge and Diamond "M" Units. All injection wells on the periphery were deepened approximately 50 to 100 periphery were deepened approximately 50 to 100 ft below the oil-water contact. Implied in a pattern of this type is the requirement that there be a significant amount of vertical as well as horizontal permeability in order for water injected below the permeability in order for water injected below the oil-water contact to be effective throughout the oil zone as the waterfront moves inward toward the center of the reef. Estimates of vertical continuity may be made from log and core data; however, only observation of actual performance can determine whether sufficient vertical continuity exists to permit efficient waterflooding. Unit Production and Recovery In general, unit performance has been very good, with an indicated ultimate recovery exceeding 50 percent of the original oil in place. percent of the original oil in place. JPT P. 431