Teaching Objectives Research Articles

The four strands: A simplified approach to SLA for CLIL

AbstractWhile it is widely accepted that language teachers require knowledge of second language acquisition (SLA) (Richards, 2010), what about content teachers, who are increasingly required to help develop their learners' academic language proficiency? How much do they need to know about SLA theories and how can they acquire such knowledge and expertise? This article proposes P. Nation's (2007) four strands framework as a straightforward and accessible model for content and language integrated learning (CLIL) teachers to address the challenge of balancing content and language instruction, a common concern within CLIL programs. The article begins by looking at two well‐known CLIL teacher competence frameworks. It then raises questions about the extent to which CLIL teachers need to master aspects of pedagogical content knowledge about SLA. The authors argue that while CLIL teachers do indeed need knowledge of how languages are learned and of SLA‐informed approaches to developing learners' second language (L2) proficiency, questions about just how much SLA knowledge CLIL teachers need and how they can be equipped with this knowledge remain unanswered. By delineating language learning opportunities into the four strands framework—meaning‐focused input, meaning‐focused output, language‐focused learning, and fluency development—the authors illustrate how this framework offers a practical guide for integrating language and content education effectively in CLIL and bilingual education contexts. The article ends with a presentation of three principles to help CLIL teachers achieve both the content and language teaching objectives of CLIL.

A Study on the Path of Improving the Quality of Mathematics Classroom Teaching in Vocational Universities

This study aims to explore the path of improving the quality of mathematics education in vocational colleges in order to meet the growing demand for high-quality applied talents in society and industry. It analyses the need to improve the quality of mathematics education and points out that mathematics education should not only focus on imparting theoretical knowledge, but also enhance students' practical application skills. To this end, six main paths were proposed, including clear career-oriented teaching objectives, innovative practice-oriented teaching models, flexible adaptation of course content, use of modern educational technology, diversified evaluation mechanisms and teacher training. Finally, it is recommended that vocational universities strengthen teacher training, increase investment in teaching resources, and deepen cooperation between schools and enterprises during the reform process, so as to ensure that mathematics education keeps pace with the needs of the economy, thereby cultivating applied talents with both a solid mathematical foundation and good professional qualities.

A Brief Discussion on the Problems and Reform Suggestions of Physics Experiment Teaching in Colleges and Universities

With the cooperation of physics experiment teaching and theoretical teaching, colleges and universities put forward three dimensions of experiment teaching objectives, that is, optimize the experiment content and experiment equipment, attach importance to the quality control of the whole process of experiment teaching and establish a diversified experiment teaching evaluation model, and determine the teaching objectives of physics experiment courses. Under the trend of education reform, the physics experiment teaching in colleges and universities is constantly innovating, developing comprehensive experiments and designed experiments, improving experimental equipment, and optimizing the test work of experimental courses. This paper discusses the work of physics experiment teaching in colleges and universities, analyzes the focus of the reform of physics experiment teaching, and probes into the specific strategies of the reform, hoping to provide strong support for promoting the reform of physics experiment teaching in colleges and universities.

Reform and Practice of University Physics Experimental Teaching Based on OBE Concept

Aiming at the problems of unclear teaching objectives, obsolete content, and single method in the experimental teaching of university physics at our university, we have implemented a series of reform initiatives. It mainly includes clarifying the student-centered teaching objectives, optimizing the experimental content, innovating the teaching methods, improving the assessment and evaluation system, and improving the experimental conditions [1,2]. After the implementation of the reform, the learning effectiveness of students has been significantly improved, the teaching level of teachers has been significantly enhanced, the curriculum system has been optimized, the efficiency of teaching management has been enhanced, and social recognition has been strengthened. Practice shows that the teaching reform based on the outcome-based education concept effectively improves the quality of university physics experimental teaching and lays the foundation for cultivating innovative talents.

Exploration of Taxation Curriculum Construction based on OBE Concept

With the advent of the digital and information age, the traditional education model of talent cultivation is no longer able to meet market demand, and there is an urgent need for a transformation in educational philosophy and a reconstruction of the curriculum and teaching process. The article takes the core discipline of taxation in the financial system as the research object, analyzes the problems and reasons in its teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching implementation, and teaching evaluation, and based on the OBE concept, proposes suggestions for the construction of learning outcomes, curriculum objectives, curriculum content reconstruction, and evaluation methods in taxation to meet the individual growth needs of students and adapt to the market's demand for tax related talents.

Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) into Indigenous Education for Sustainability: The Development and Implementation of a Curriculum Based on Disaster Prevention for Young Children

There are differences between Western mainstream culture and traditional Indigenous culture in the way they address sustainable development. The spirit of sustainability has been emphasized and practiced by Indigenous cultures for hundreds or even thousands of years, but it is increasingly disappearing over time due to the threat of natural disasters. It is necessary to recover this practice of sustainable development from its roots in traditional Indigenous knowledge. This study considers the possibility and utility of incorporating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) into Indigenous education for sustainability, a topic that has not been addressed by other studies. Based on a literature review, the proposed framework and content for this study focus on Indigenous disaster prevention. The specific topic was chosen to be most relevant to young Indigenous children. STEM indicators from the US next-generation science standards (NGSS) were referenced to create the proposed STEM teaching objectives, which were designed to be specifically appropriate for Indigenous curricula and teaching activities. Additionally, the cultural curriculum model was adopted to reform the Indigenous curriculum and teaching model by utilizing the transformation and social action approaches. Finally, the five-stage learning cycle was used as the framework to implement the curriculum, intertwined with the principles of the spiral curriculum, to co-construct an instructional example of Indigenous education for sustainability for future reference.

Issues and Countermeasures in Chinese FLTRP Primary School Textbooks under the New Curriculum Standard

The New Curriculum Standard (NCS) is the norm and quality requirement of the Chinese national educational curriculum as well as the basis of teaching management, curriculum evaluation, and textbook compilation. In textbook design, the selection of textbook materials should meet the objectives and requirements of the NCS. Since appropriate teaching materials are essential to curriculum standards and effective teaching, we must follow the consistency between textbook materials and curriculum standards to achieve an ideal degree of conformity with the textbook system and teaching objectives and promote the sustainable development of the English curriculum reform. However, the current primary school English textbooks fall short of the NCS, which leads to difficulties in implementing teaching tasks and achieving teaching goals. Given these difficulties, we should analyze the causes from three dimensions: linguistic knowledge, cultural awareness, and learning strategies. In addition, a high recurrence of phonetic knowledge, systematic grammar presentation, diversified learning styles, level grading, and in-depth involvement of cultural factors are keys to the perfect conformity of the NCS and English textbooks.

Strategies for Improving the Quality of English Teaching for Postgraduate Entrance Exams in Private Colleges Based on Outcome-Based Education (OBE)

With the deepening of educational reform in China, the teaching of English for postgraduate entrance exams in private colleges faces challenges such as unclear teaching objectives, outdated curriculum content, monotonous teaching methods, and inadequate assessment systems. As an emerging educational model, Outcome-Based Education (OBE) offers effective solutions to these problems through clear learning outcomes, innovative teaching strategies, and a comprehensive assessment system. This paper analyzes the current situation and challenges of English teaching for postgraduate entrance exams in private colleges based on the OBE concept and proposes specific strategies for improving teaching quality. The research shows that restructuring teaching objectives, optimizing teaching content and resources, innovating teaching methods, and establishing a scientific assessment system can significantly enhance teaching quality and students' competitiveness in postgraduate entrance exams. This paper aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidelines for the reform and practice of English teaching for postgraduate entrance exams in private colleges.

Research on the Practice and Application of Curriculum Ideology and Politics in College Line Dance Teaching

Under the guidance of the new era's educational concepts, curriculum ideology and politics has become an indispensable part of the higher education system. Line dance, as a teaching content that integrates artistry, enjoyment, and fitness, offers rich cultural connotations and educational functions, providing extensive practical space for the integration of curriculum ideology and politics. This paper explores how to effectively implement curriculum ideology and politics in line dance teaching based on the unique characteristics of line dance instruction and analyzes its application effects through the exploration of specific practical pathways. The research findings indicate that by naturally incorporating ideological and political elements into line dance teaching content and designing teaching objectives and methods with a political orientation, it is possible to significantly enhance students' ideological and political literacy, thereby promoting their all-around development in morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics, and labor.

Connecting gender equality with sustainability in early childhood: educators understandings in Victoria, Australia

Three decades of international recommendations have highlighted the importance of advancing gender equality in achieving the aims of Education for Sustainability (EfS) at all levels of education. However, there has been a persistent disconnect between considerations of gender and sustainability in early childhood education (ECE). This article presents findings from a small-scale, mixed methods research project that sought to address this gap. The project explored educators’ understandings of the relationship between gender equality and sustainability, using survey and interview methods, with early childhood educators in Victoria, Australia. Key findings indicate a disconnection between discourses of sustainability and gender equality obscures educators’ perceptions of the ways that gender influences EfS in ECE. Equally, while the majority of participants had not previously considered their connection, they believed gender equality is important to, and pedagogically aligned with, their sustainability teaching objectives. The findings are used to propose a Continuum of Gender Equitable Early Childhood Education for Sustainability.

Adapting to the AI Era: ChatGPT in the Classroom

The emergence of ChatGPT, a conversational AI developed by OpenAI, has raised profound questions about its impact on the traditional university experience. This article addresses the pervasive discourse surrounding ChatGPT by investigating the actual capabilities of AI writing at the undergraduate level. To study the strengths and limitations of AI in the classroom, we conducted a survey experiment involving faculty assessment of essays generated by ChatGPT. Contrary to concerns of diminishing academic rigor and standards, our findings suggest that ChatGPT’s effectiveness is influenced by user knowledge, indicating potential for symbiotic integration into pedagogical approaches. Rather than spell the end of the college essay, we suggest that ChatGPT offers opportunities to open discussions about information literacy and verification of information. For universities, our study suggests revising university AI-usage policies and incorporating AI into teaching and learning objectives.

Innovative Design and Practical Exploration of Junior Middle School English Unit Teaching Under the Guidance of New Curriculum Standards

This paper aims to explore the innovative design and practice of junior middle school English unit teaching under the background of new curriculum standards. Under the guidance of the new curriculum standards, the establishment of unit teaching objectives should be guided by core literacy, focusing on cultivating students' ability and quality of doing things in English, and improving their language ability, cultural awareness, thinking quality and learning ability in the process of problem solving. When designing the unit teaching content, we should take the big concepts as the core, refine and focus on these big concepts according to the teaching objectives, and build the logical structure and timing structure of the teaching content around them, so as to effectively promote students' understanding of the big concepts. When arranging the unit teaching process, English practice should be taken as the path, and practical English teaching process should be built through project-oriented, task-based and activity-based design methods, so that students can achieve comprehensive improvement of core literacy in the complete English practice process.

The Integration of Traditional Chinese Culture into the English Grammar Course in Regular Higher Education: A Practical Case Study

In the interconnected global society today, the significance of integrating traditional Chinese culture into English grammar education cannot be overstated, but it is often ignored in the practical teaching and theoretical research. Hence, this study aims to explore this integration in regular higher education to promote ideological and political education and their intercultural competence. Research questions include how traditional Chinese culture is practically integrated into the English grammar course in regular higher education and whether this integration is effectively achieved as well as what suggestions can be proposed for the future English grammar course and research. Considering this, a practical case study in the context of Xianda College of Economics and Humanities, Shanghai International Studies University in China is employed to address these questions. Twenty-nine first-year English majors, both females and males, voluntarily participate as research subjects. The specific research methods mainly involve a two-round questionnaire survey and a one-round interview. One of the conclusion is that traditional Chinese culture can be practically integrated into the English grammar course in regular education by the the strategy of “4-R”, namely “Revise Teaching Goals and Objectives, Refine Teaching Content, Revitalize Teaching Methods and Reform Teaching Evaluation”. This study focuses on adopting Chinese ancient poetry, Chinese opera, Chinese architecture, and Chinese festival customs as the main materials for traditional Chinese culture related to grammar points in this course. Moreover, based on the participants’ feedback from the second-round questionnaire survey and one-round interview, it is effectively carried out and attains the quality goals in the overall teaching syllabus to a large extent. Another conclusion is that some suggestions from students and the teacher are provided for the future English grammar course and relevant research.

“3 + X D” structured report in radiology standardized resident training: Can it meet high-level teaching objectives?

PurposeTo evaluate the impact of the innovative “3 + X D” structured report (SR) designed based on Bloom’s taxonomy on the learning outcomes of radiology residents during standardized training. MethodsThis is a prospective study that recruited 120 radiology residents from our hospital between 2020 and 2022. Randomly selected 60 residents from the 2020 grade to constituted the control group, and randomly selected 60 residents from the 2021 grade to formed the experimental group. The former group was trained utilizing the Free-text Reports (FTR) template, while the latter group received training with the “3 + X D” structured reports (SR) template. The learning outcomes of both groups was evaluated utilizing both objective and subjective measures. Objective assessments encompassed examinations of theoretical knowledge, diagnostic skills, and total scores, aligning with the cognitive domains of remembering, understanding, applying, and analyzing as outlined by Bloom’s Taxonomy. Subjective assessments, on the other hand, comprised survey questionnaires administered to residents and feedback from clinical instructors, which correlated with the higher-order cognitive level of analyzing, evaluating, and creating within Bloom’s Taxonomy. ResultsOn 60 residents (mean age, 24.15 years ± 2.11[SD]; 25 male) from control group, and 60 residents (mean age, 24.58 years ± 1.88 [SD]; 27 male) from experimental group. Following the training, significant improvements were observed in the theoretical knowledge, diagnostic skills, and total scores for both groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher diagnostic skills and total scores compared to the control group (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the theoretical knowledge exam between the two groups (p = 0.236). The questionnaire used for subjective assessments had good reliability (Cronbach α was 0.826) and acceptable validity (The KMO was 0.692). Additionally, the survey questionnaires indicated that the experimental group rated higher than the control group in terms of cultivating imaging thinking ability, diagnostic confidence, diagnostic speed, and the convenience of the templates (p < 0.001). Clinicians’ feedback scores for the experimental group markedly surpassed those for the control group (p < 0.05). ConclusionsUtilizing the “3 + X D” SR template grounded in Bloom’s taxonomy for training, the professional competency of radiology residents, particularly their diagnostic skills, saw a marked enhancement, successfully meeting the higher-level educational objectives. Consequently, the “3 + X D” SR template is highly recommended for the standardized training of radiology residents.

Enhancing the Creativity of Soft Article Writing through Creative Writing

In the era of rapid development of new media, the cultural industry is flourishing as a whole. Soft article writing, as a category of creative text production, is characterized by its emphasis on creativity. The field of creative writing, which has already seen some development in China, may provide a means to enhance the creativity of soft article writing. This paper analyzes the feasibility of using creative writing to improve soft article writing and proposes practical suggestions accordingly, from clarifying teaching objectives to designing course content. Using creativity as a guiding thread, the goal is to build a bridge between creative writing and soft article writing.

Discussing discarded models: an integrative teaching resource

This study proposes a kind of teaching resource adaptable to different levels of teaching and training objectives that allows the introduction of contextual issues and concepts of history and the nature of science while providing tools for learning modeling and integrating different kinds of knowledge. A controversial case from science history was sought to develop an integrating teaching activity. The case to find must be one that confront at least two different models to solve a scientific problem or a technological one. Torricelli’s theory vs. horror vacui theory as it was modified by Galileo result a useful case to take as content for the teaching activity. Groups of students must argument in favor and against each of theories or models. The proposed activity introduces future teachers in the student’s role, considering that they will play the teacher’s role when they use similar activities with their future students. Moreover, it trains future physics teachers to integrate modeling, history and nature of science.

Construction of learning objectives and content for emergency triage nurses in tertiary general hospitals: A Delphi study

AimTo construct learning objectives and educational content for emergency triage nurses based on core competencies. BackgroundThe core competencies of emergency triage nurses has an impact on the quality of medical services and patient treatment outcomes. However, research on learning objectives and educational content aimed at cultivating the core competencies of emergency triage nurses is limited. DesignA Delphi study. MethodsTo develop a draft of the teaching objectives and content for emergency triage nurses based on core competencies, a literature review, semistructured interviews and expert group meetings were conducted. Then, 24 experts were invited to provide feedback on the draft and suggest revisions through two rounds of Delphi consultation. ResultsConsensus was reached on six core competencies, 30 learning objectives and 43 educational contents. The response rate for the two rounds of expert questionnaires was 100%, with 79.2% and 54.2% of the experts providing feedback in the first and second rounds, respectively. The judgement coefficient (Ca) was 0.910, the familiarity coefficient (Cs) was 0.917 and the authority coefficient (Cr) was 0.914. The Kendall's W coefficients for the two rounds of expert inquiry were 0.321 and 0.334, indicating a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). ConclusionsConstructing learning objectives and educational content for emergency triage nurses based on core competencies is scientific and reliable and can provide a reference for the training and management of emergency triage nurses.

Exploration on Teaching Reform of Basic Mechanics Course for Engineering Majors in Universities

Basic Mechanics is an important professional basic course in engineering majors in colleges and universities. With the continuous development of social science and technology, the application range of Basic Mechanics is becoming wider. In order to give full play to the role of Basic Mechanics courses in engineering majors, this paper starts with the characteristics of Basic Mechanics courses, analyzes the current teaching status and problems of Basic Mechanics courses in engineering majors. This paper puts forward some measures for teaching reform from the aspects of teaching objectives, teaching methods, teaching level and assessment system, in order to improve teaching quality and enhance students’ practical ability, so as to cultivate high-quality and highly skilled comprehensive talents for the society.

Teaching reform and practice of the postgraduate course "Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering" under the "dual-drive and dual-guide" model

Value shaping and innovation capability improvement are two important goals of postgraduate course teaching. Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering is a core course for postgraduates majoring in bioengineering. Our teaching team established a "dual-drive and dual-guide" teaching model, that is, "double drive" (value-driven + innovation-driven) as the traction, this model integrated professional quality with industry needs, engineering ethics, and scientist spirit, combined theoretical teaching with research frontiers, industrial cases, and engineering practice, and incorporated thematic lectures, group peer evaluation, and review papers into course assessment. The teaching under this model achieved the teaching objectives of "double guide" (guiding ideology and ability), and improved the postgraduates' value identification, innovation awareness, engineering thinking, and ability to solve practical engineering problems.

Research on the Problems and Improvement of Junior Middle School Mathematics Examination Review Teaching under the Background of “Double New”

With the deepening and reform of our education enterprise, the traditional teaching way can hardly satisfy the new demand for students’ development. Therefore, educators must actively renew the educational concept, optimize the teaching strategy, push the students to the deeper study. In view of this, this article briefly summarizes the significance of the total review of junior middle school mathematics, analyzes the difficulties faced in teaching and discusses the teaching strategies such as clear teaching objectives, consolidating the foundation of students and adopting diversified teaching methods, so as to hope that these strategies can provide useful reference for educators.