Objective Standpoint Research Articles

Evaluating generative AI tools: A comparative guide for new users

One of the most prominent forms of artificial intelligence that has been made public is generative AI, which offers a fresh perspective and direction for numerous global sectors. The impact of this artificial intelligence model on nearly every business and how certain vocations can be pursued has garnered a large audience. This paper evaluates generative AI from an objective standpoint and proposes a comparison of some of its key tools to help new users solve problems in their daily lives, at work or at home. This highlights the significance of understanding and utilizing this kind of AI.

سلطة محكمة الموضوع في تقدير خطأ العامل الجسيم

The subject of the discretionary power of the subject judge regarding the assessment of serious error requires the judge before whom the dispute is brought to examine the reasons relied upon by the employer to make the decision to dismiss the worker and give them the legal qualification that is consistent with the requirements of the Labor Law, which determines the conditions and sets the framework for terminating the employment relationship so that the employer does not abuse his voluntary right, whether by verifying the seriousness of the error committed by the worker, or by assessing the reason and justification for the dismissal. Hence, the question revolves around the criteria for assessing gross error and the authority of the subject judge to assess whether the error is gross or simple, and the scope of the supervisory authority of the Supreme Court regarding assessing the justification for gross error or not? The exercise of discretionary power requires the judge to first verify the existence of the reason for dismissal in itself, then if it is proven to have been achieved by the means stipulated by the law, he tends to exercise judicial oversight over arbitrary dismissal from an objective standpoint, by assessing the seriousness of the error committed by the worker, as a justification and reason on which the employer relied in dismissing the worker.

Following Your Own Course. Development of the Russian Sustainable Development Reporting Standard and its Prospects

At present, there are several initiatives in Russia aimed at organizing, stimulating, and developing the concept of sustainable development. The principal approach is the domestically developed Standard for Sustainable Development Reporting (a draft of which the editorial board got access to), which is being created at the request of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development and Trade. Positive Changes Journal has compiled an in-depth analysis of this document, encompassing the perspectives of all interested parties. Being unaffiliated with any of these groups, yet possessing all necessary information, we can afford to examine the situation from an objective standpoint, analyze it, and propose pertinent contributions to the standard in development.

A Comprehensive Overview of Micro-Influencer Marketing: Decoding the Current Landscape, Impacts, and Trends.

This research provides a comprehensive overview of micro-influence marketing, analyzing the characteristics of influencers and the mechanisms of their impact. A systematic review was conducted, encompassing 2091 citing articles and references across 74 studies involving 95 research institutions and over 12,000 samples. Employing an interdisciplinary approach that integrates insights from computer science, information science, communication, culture, psychology, sociology, education, business, and management, this study outlines the distinct features of micro-influencers. These features include performable authenticity, affinity expressed through consistency and transparency, musical and artistic media talent, and competitive individual traits. The research synthesizes antecedents of trust and attachment mechanisms commonly employed in influencer theory, taking an objective standpoint and minimizing emphasis on audience engagement and perception to trigger influence. The findings highlight that followers' pursuit of self-branding, driven by self-consciousness, social consciousness, credibility, and social presence, significantly influences the impact of self-expressive products on the audience's purchase intention. The research contributes to micro-influence marketing theory by integrating mechanics, offering practical implications for micro-influencers, and suggesting future research agendas.

Designing a Model of Teaching-Learning Culture in Schools

Objective: One of the significant aspects of education is the teaching and learning process. In other words, all educational activities aim to create a suitable environment for the realization of this process. The goal of this study is to design a model of teaching-learning culture in schools. Methodology: From an objective standpoint, this research falls within the category of applied studies. It also follows a qualitative approach and utilizes ethnography as its methodology. The study population includes educational science professors, all administrators, and teachers in the city of Noor. For gathering information on theoretical foundations and literature, a review of books, journals, theses, and other documents available in specialized libraries was conducted. The research tools used were interviews and non-participant observation. Findings: The findings indicate that assessment in Noor's schools is of two types: continuous and final. In most of the public schools, teaching methods are traditional and teacher-centered, whereas in schools for gifted students, they are student-centered, with the teacher playing a supervisory role. The teaching and learning culture in these schools is considered weak. Loss of motivation is one of the influential factors in reducing the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process in Noor. Due to financial issues and resource limitations in schools, facilities are also inadequate. Conclusion: Overall, it can be inferred that current education is not aimed at lasting and standard learning but rather merely at achieving grades.

How do leaders’ political influence tactics affect dissent, cynicism and negligence? A research into medical representatives in Turkey

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of leaders' deployment of Political Influence Tactics (PIT) on the manifestation of articulated/upward dissent and negligent behavior among employees, with a specific focus on the mediating role of employee cynicism (EC). The study was theoretically grounded in both Psychological Contract Theory and Independent-Mindedness Theory. Data for this investigation were collected through surveys from a sample of 308 medical representatives in Turkey. The collected data underwent rigorous analysis employing the Partial Least Squares Based Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the assistance of the SMART PLS 3.3.3 software. The findings of this study revealed that EC serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between pressure and ingratiation tactics and employee negligence. Notably, existing research within the realm of organizational politics often centers on Perceptions of Organizational Politics (POP), which encapsulates the subjective aspect of perceiving politics within an organization. In contrast, there has been relatively limited exploration into PIT, which adopts an objective standpoint. Furthermore, this study represents a pioneering effort as it identified a gap in the existing literature where no prior research has directly assessed the linkages between PIT and other key variables within the proposed model, namely cynicism, negligence, and articulated/upward dissent. Consequently, this study is poised to contribute significantly to the organizational politics and organizational behavior literature by addressing this notable gap.

The Worst Person in the World and Postmodern Feminism

The movie The Worst Person in the World (2021), takes place in Oslo and revolves around a woman named Julie. She is in her late twenties and finds herself caught in a cycle of indecision. She is unable to find a career or a relationship that fulfills her self-worth. The film primarily revolves around the character of the female protagonist, Julie, with the storyline and character development centered on her. Renate Reinsve, who plays the lead role, received the Best Actress award at the Cannes Film Festival for her performance in this movie. These years, with the influence of the #MeToo movement, for some viewers, this film may be considered one of the representative works of feminism in cinema. From the character design, cinematography, and references to postmodern feminism in the film, it is indeed a movie that aligns with the principles of postmodern feminism. However, its important to note that the films creative team is predominantly male, and postmodern feminism itself contains inherent theoretical contradictions. Therefore, from an objective standpoint, this film cannot be classified as a feminist movie.

일본 영화 <모라토리움기의 다마코>에 나타난 히키코모리 특성과 회복탄력성 고찰

The purpose of this study is to discuss ways to overcome the hikikomori phenomenon, a reclusive loner, through the Japanese film <Tomako in Moratorium> directed by Yamashita Nobuhiro (山下敦弘) released in 2013. Characteristics of hikikomori are dreamer temperament, escapism, and double appearance. Hikikomori shows a state of maladjustment in reality, with a tendency to identify imaginary images with reality. The gap between the ideal and the reality of hikikomori works as a factor that makes social adaptation difficult while generating cognitive dissonance.
 Basically, hikikomori shows fear of society or loss of confidence. Hikikomori fail to form bonds with others and experience wounds as people, entering their own world and living an isolated life. Hikikomori needs a period of recovery to become normal. This process can be defined as resilience, and the expression of interest and love between family members can have a direct impact.
 The female protagonist of this movie shows herself living a meaningless daily life without hope. In particular, this movie takes the attitude of calmly conveying the frustrating and helpless reality of young people from an objective standpoint and does not scold them. This is because the appearance of helpless young people is not arbitrary, but rather a result of issues of social responsibility or structure. The movie presents that the helpless heroine's daily life was a fierce inner struggle as she prepares step by step for her positive future. In conclusion, rather than unilaterally criticizing helpless young people, society and the older generation need to be more relaxed and interested in helping them develop resilience.

HİÇ YERDEN ADALET: THOMAS NAGEL’İN VE JOHN RAWLS’UN DÜŞÜNCESİNDE ETİK-SİYASAL NESNELLİK

The question regarding the relationship between ethics and politics has always occupied the minds of philosophers and political theorists. Thomas Nagel is one philosopher among others who clearly draws a close link between the ethical and the political. Accordingly, Nagel’s inquiry on the issues of objectivity and subjectivity is providing the readers not only with ethical but also political insights regarding the matter. On the other hand, John Rawls’s ideas of an “original position” and a “veil of ignorance” in their relation to his understanding of political justice, similarly, interrogate the possibility of an alternative perspective for an objective standpoint that recognizes and encompasses individuality while offering a model for a political community which is founded upon impartial principles. Although Rawls’s discussion is mainly contractual and strictly political, certain aspects of his works on political justice and liberalism might be reconsidered in an investigation which also engages with issues in morality and ethics. Therefore, the present study will attempt at reading Nagel’s discussion of objectivity and impartiality from an ethico-political standpoint which juxtaposes ‘the view from nowhere’ with Rawlsian “veil of ignorance”. For this, relevant arguments of both philosophers will be explored in a comparative manner while highlighting potential parallelisms between the two.

ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY THREATS TO ENTERPRISES IN THE TRANSPORT INDUSTRY

The purpose of the article is to study internal and external factors related to the negative impact on the activities of enterprises in the transport industry, which form potential threats to its economic security. The methodological basis of this article is scientific works of outstanding scientists and materials of periodicals. During the study, the method of logical analysis was used to substantiate the threats to the economic security of the transport enterprise by the nature of the realization of the negative impact. For the purpose of unanimous acceptance of the object of research and a comprehensive assessment of the relations of elements within the defined problem, the method of system analysis was used.
 The conducted research shows the significant role of road transport in the system of the transport industry and the economy of Ukraine as a whole. It should be noted that the state of motor transport enterprises is unstable and is under the influence of a significant number of external and internal factors. Such a situation causes fluctuations and affects the level of economic security of enterprises in the transport industry, and therefore they need a system of monitoring and maintaining economic security at a satisfactory level. The study of the economic security of the enterprise from an objective standpoint makes it impossible to analyze the state and main development trends of the economic sector to which it belongs. Therefore, in order to formulate an objective and thorough conclusion regarding the state of economic security of transport enterprises, it is necessary to study the current state of development of this industry. Threats to the economic security of a motor vehicle enterprise arise not only due to their financial and economic activities, but also from the factors that can lead to losses or bankruptcy. And that is why we should not delay the factors of the internal and external environment, but react on them as quickly as possible and protect the enterprise from undesirable consequences in the future. Taking into account the entire range of external and internal threats will allow to form an objective model for determining the level of economic security of enterprises of the motor transport industry in Ukraine.

Thirty years of Thiel embalming-A systematic review on its utility in medical research.

In 1992, Walter Thiel described and embalming method that rendered “lifelike” tissues. Over the last 30 years, the Thiel method has been introduced worldwide for medical training and scientific purposes. This review examines research which can be linked to the use of Thiel embalming. A systematic review was performed to identify articles published in the following categories: research content, disciplines involved, sources and quantities of tissues deployed, and changes in research scope related to changes in the chemical composition of Thiel embalming. Four‐hundred twenty‐four publications were included. A number of adaptations to the original Thiel protocol were found, aiming to provide suitable tissue‐substitutes in the development of emerging medical technologies or procedures. Musculoskeletal surgery, anesthesia and intensive care were the most common disciplines that used Thiel embalmed tissues for research. Anatomy and biomechanics played a lesser role. An increase over time was observed in research outputs related to the Thiel method, while the number of specimens used per study decreased. The main centers using Thiel embalming were in Graz, Dundee, Sapporo, Bern, Zurich and Ghent, which jointly accounted for more than 54% of all research conducted using this method. Following three decades of use, the Thiel method has evolved into being a well‐established embalming technique for research purposes. Its future is challenged by the demanding requirements on both technical facilities and personnel, limitations of certain chemicals for use as fixatives, costs, and questions as to how “lifelike” the embalmed‐tissues are from an objective standpoint, all of which warrants future investigations.

Braiding knowledges of braided rivers – the need for place‐based perspectives and lived experience in the science of landscapes

AbstractThe compounding societal and environmental crises of the Anthropocene necessitate a more holistic, critical and systems understanding of our relationship to and with the earth surface. We are now aware that every landscape is touched by man, a mosaic of recorded artifacts of historical human activity. These effects emerge from distinct perspectives that require global, local, and complex frameworks of inquiry. In order to address the braided realities of this age, geomorphologists need to embrace diverse ways of knowing, most especially indigenous, local and place‐based knowledges of landscapes and our role in shaping them. We need to examine how a singular, objective standpoint in the scientific process privileges determinism over other ways of seeing and being. In this commentary, I argue that the discipline of geomorphology as it is commonly practiced in the Global North is ill‐suited to address the crises of the Anthropocene. In order to reorient the discipline towards a more ethical and societally‐relevant role, we need to seek and integrate place‐based, local and situated perspectives into the scientific work of understanding the landscapes we are working in, particularly as so many of the communities most impacted by these changing landscapes are the least involved in guiding our scientific efforts and outcomes.

Человек как существо глобальное и космическое в трудах В.И. Вернадского и К.Э. Циолковского

The article reveals the approaches to the essence of man by one of the founders of Russian cosmism K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky. the teaching of which is attributed to the natural-scientific direction of Russian cosmism, during the emergence of the vector of technical and technological development of mankind. The idea of a holistic, harmonious approach to the material and spiritual world of man united the philosophical worldview of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky, who viewed man and the surrounding world in unity from an objective standpoint, and the mind was the source of man's conquest of the Universe. The approaches of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky have much in common and are characterized by the scale of views on man as a global and cosmic being. At the same time, two great cosmologists approached their conclusions from different research positions. Each of them has his own way of philosophical view of a person and the world around him. The article provides a comparative analysis of the teachings of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky, analyzes the general and different. The relevance of the topic is determined by the modern problems of the biosphere, which as a global system has already lost its stability under human influence. A more in-depth study of the philosophy of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky allows us to trace the relationship of their peculiar ideas with global approaches to the microcosm of man, understanding the transcendental and spiritual foundations of the philosophy of cosmism.

Ranking construction of small hydro power plants using multi-criteria decision analysis

Sustainable development demands no depletion of energy resources that have lower environmental impact, that are available at reasonable costs and that do not have negative social impacts. Because of the multi-dimensionality of this sustainable goal multi – criteria methods have become popular in sustainable decision-making processes. In this paper, we have developed a model for decision makers to rank small hydropower projects according to multiple criteria. The proposed model ranks projects based on technical, economic, social, and environmental criteria. The model is supported by two multi-criteria decision analysis methods: PROMETHEE (to rank projects) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (to determine the weights of main criteria). It is observed that the most important criteria are found to be the investment safety, legal obstacles and the amount of flow and the flow pattern. The proposed model is successfully tested on the example of 24 small hydropower plants. Highest ranked projects are those were criterion “annual production” was the highest and with the lowest scores in environmental aspect criteria. The presented model can give objective standpoint to decision makers, energy policies designers and energy planners.

Farmers' tea and nation's trees: A framework for eco-compensation assessment based on a subjective-objective combination analysis

The effectiveness and sustainability of eco-compensation policy implementation are essential to ecosystem service protection. However, a purely subjective standpoint causes deviations from the compensation benchmark, while decision-making based solely on an objective standpoint fails to offer a profound understanding of local stakeholder conflicts. Therefore, local authorities find it difficult to set reasonable and effective eco-compensation implementation standards. An assessment framework for eco-compensation, defined as the subjective-objective combination analysis (SOCA), which considers both the subjective and objective positions of stakeholders is proposed. Focusing on a typical eco-compensation case, “Returning Tea to Forest”, a compensation range is finally quantified from $443/ha to $2114/ha per year using the SOCA framework. SOCA quantification from multiple perspectives optimized the eco-compensation benchmark determinations and the eco-protection decision-making process.

What's Important: A Call for a Preoperative Psychiatric Risk-Assessment Metric for Orthopaedic Surgery.

What's Important: A Call for a Preoperative Psychiatric Risk-Assessment Metric for Orthopaedic Surgery.

The Objectivity of the Concept of Presumed State Aid and The Problem of Deficient Circumstantial Interpretation

In its judgment in Case T-791/16 Real Madrid Club de Fútbol v European Commission, the Court of Justice annulled the Commission Decision on aid measure SA.33754. The judgment allowed the rekindling, from the perspective of political science, of the discussions surrounding what represents the semantic definition of State aid, granted by the States or coming from State resources. The innovation brought by the European Commission was to establish a new subcategory for the term - presumed State aid. We discuss whether this type of aid can be fitted into the control by and decisional standards of the European Commission from a purely objective standpoint. The judgment leads us to reflect on the role played by the Commission regarding the evolution of the concept of State aid. However, this evolution, as an update of the directions of Article 107(1) TFEU, must take into consideration a methodology that necessarily goes through a path aimed at the market analysis based on the economic and social context of the State in question. The answer must be in accordance with the objectives and purposes of Community law and this does not represent a literal exegesis of the legal text. Keywords: Presumed State aid; Circumstantial interpretation; Objective and subjective concept of aid.

Towards A Logical Account of Epistemic Causality

Reasoning about observed effects and their causes is important in multi-agent contexts. While there has been much work on causality from an objective standpoint, causality from the point of view of some particular agent has received much less attention. In this paper, we address this issue by incorporating an epistemic dimension to an existing formal model of causality. We define what it means for an agent to know the causes of an effect. Then using a counterexample, we prove that epistemic causality is a different notion from its objective counterpart.

Analysis of electricity generation options for sustainable energy decision making: The case of Turkey

Sustainable energy decision making requires the comparison of energy generation technologies regarding a wide range of economic, technical, environmental, and socio-economic criteria. This study aims to rank the main seven electricity generation technologies for Turkey according to their performance scores. These energy generation technologies are natural gas, coal, hydropower with dam, run-of-river type hydropower, onshore wind, geothermal and solar PV. The sustainability scores are calculated via twelve indicators classified into abovementioned four criteria groups. Multi-criteria decision analysis methodology is employed with a weighted sum multi-attribute utility approach for five different sensitivity cases. The results reveal that the hydroelectric technology with dam is the best option for most of the sensitivity cases. We hope this study gives a scientific and objective standpoint to decision-maker authorities in Turkey for planning sustainable electricity generation policies.

How realistic are the fears about Brexit?

In this article Dr Charles Chatterjee considers different views on how Brexit might impact on the UK and how justifiable are the fears about it. Reflecting on the strengths and weaknesses of the UK from an objective standpoint he identifies two probable approaches to the questions; Brexit might impact the UK very significantly, or the UK should not worry too much if there are no “acceptable deals” for the UK.