Objectives Of Good Governance Research Articles

Corporate governance codes: A controversial efficiency?

The pursuit of good governance by companies confronts a fundamental challenge: defining what constitutes “good governance”. Existing corporate governance codes and their implementation documents fall short of offering a clear answer to this crucial question. Despite the establishment of a reference framework years ago, the focus has shifted from defining the objectives of good governance to a consensus on the means of achieving these objectives. Unfortunately, this consensus often absolves stakeholders from providing detailed explanations. Achieving effective good governance necessitates a shift in focus towards the underlying goals of governance structures. Two potential approaches emerge in this context. While many companies rely on codes without explicitly outlining their objectives, there is a compelling case for urging or mandating them to articulate the purposes of the governance methods they employ in their reports. This level of specificity has the potential to enhance the reflective qualities of the transparency process, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of the governance landscape. Beyond merely discussing the objectives of corporate governance, the pursuit of good governance necessitates the implementation of instruments whose efficacy transcends reliance solely on market discipline. The aim is not to undermine the imperatives of transparency and justification. Instead, the intention is to recognize that these elements, while essential, do not independently ensure the effectiveness of soft law instruments, such as governance codes. Nowadays, it is crucial to assess the extent to which traditional corporate governance codes respond to the needs of companies in the era of digitalization and sustainability. Therefore, conducting a critical analysis of the existing corporate governance codes will contribute in shedding light on the gaps of these instruments to come up with recommendations for improvements. Aims and objectives: This article will focus on the following areas: Defining the role and purpose of corporate governance codes in enhancing corporate performance and accountability and discussing the challenges and limitations of corporate governance codes, including compliance issues and enforcement challenges. Presenting empirical evidence on the impact of corporate governance codes on corporate behavior and analyzing, through the principle of comply or explain, whether code adherence leads to improved corporate governance practices and financial performance. Discussing emerging trends in corporate governance and offering recommendations for improving the effectiveness of corporate governance codes.

The ‘common good’ in the petitions and appeals of the medieval towns at the Portuguese Cortes

ABSTRACT As in the rest of the Iberian Peninsula and wider Europe in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, Portugal's main towns and cities were ruled by a small number of men, who made up a power elite. Such power elites were recruited from the bosom of the urban economic, cultural, and social elites. This group, however, was even more restricted, as during that period municipal governance lay in the hands of few officials and homens bons (boni homines). It was from among this restricted group of rulers that the municipal representatives to the cortes were chosen. This article will approach the discourse employed by the elites in the cortes based on the political concept of the ‘common good’ — an ideological concept in which a collective benefit prevails over private interests. In the argumentative rhetoric that was the discourse provided alongside requests and grievances aired on the stage of the cortes, the public good and common good were presented as objectives of good governance and fair decisions required as part of the political process. It is clear, however, that it was an open concept employed by different actors for various practical purposes as it will be explained.

Integrating Servqual-Kano-QFD for Social Insurance Service Quality Improvement in Surabaya

For companies engaged in the service-providing sector, good service by meeting customer's desires and needs is a must in order to thrive competitively. This case study was conducted on service provided by the government social insurance company engaged in traffic accident insurance services in Surabaya. As an industry that provides service, customer satisfaction is of importance in order to gain trust from the public, reduce negative opinion in public, and support the objective of good governance. This study integrated the SERVQUAL-Kano method to evaluate customer satisfaction concerning 18 service attributes related to service provided by the social insurance company. Further efforts were then made to find solutions for service attributes with low satisfaction scores by using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Therefore, the results can help to improve the quality of service. The results were in the form of a priority improvement design for strategic decision recommendations that can be implemented by the company to increase customer satisfaction.

Valorisation of the Science of Administration in the Governmental Process of the Republic of Moldova

The advanced technologies of the last decades have contributed enormously to the development and dissemination of research results, including those in the field of administrative sciences. Thus, states that manage to make the most of these scientific results, including good practices, can ensure good governance and a decent standard of living for the entire population of the country. The Republic of Moldova, according to the Constitution, is a democratic state, a rule of law. Therefore, public authorities are obliged to ensure a decent living for all citizens. In order to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to continuously modernize the administration by implementing the most efficient tools and governance practices that the science of administration offers. Unfortunately, in the last two decades, the standard of living of the population in our country has been the lowest in Europe, which proves once again the lack of a clear and constant interaction between the science of administration and the activity of public authorities. The fragmented and temporary interaction that exists is not able to ensure the achievement of the objectives of good governance. This is largely due to the level of vocational training of civil servants in the field of administrative sciences. In addition, knowledge of administrative sciences is necessary both for the legislator, who adopts the regulatory framework for public administration, and for all citizens, so that they can exercise their rights in their relations with the public administration, knowingly and efficiently. Therefore, the successful modernization of public administration in the Republic of Moldova depends directly on the development of schools of administrative sciences.

Exploring the Role and Challenges of Ethical Values to Impart Good Governance: The Case of Dessie Town, South Wollo, Ethiopia

The objectives of the study was to assess the role and challenge of realizing ethical values in promoting good governance. For this study the data was gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources of information was gathered through questionnaire and interviews whereas secondary data gathered from different types of documentaries, published materials and internet websites resources. The gathered data were analyzed and interpreted by using tables and percentages. As the study revealed, the overall objective of good governance is to ensure good conduct with the concern for values, practices and behavior. These values are inculcated in an individual by his/her parents, teachers, religion, society and the environmental of work place. The essential duty of governance principles is to effectively and equitably implement ethical values of the society. Hence, it demands highly competent, well administration, participatory and good deal of sound policy formulation and distinct citizen orientation. The promotion of ethical values in good governance implies legality of government action; rationality in policy and decision making; evolving a sense of responsibility; creating excellence; facilitating spirit of individual and organizational goals; developing responsiveness; protecting the national interests; and bringing and elevating integrity. The study identified the role and challenge of realizing ethical values in promoting good governance in Dessie Town. It is recommended by the researcher that the officials and religious institutions must give high consideration to ethical values and principles for realization of good governance in the study area.

Exploring the Role and Challenges of Ethical Values to Impart Good Governance: The Case of Dessie Town, South Wollo, Ethiopia

The objectives of the study was to assess the role and challenge of realizing ethical values in promoting good governance. For this study the data was gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources of information was gathered through questionnaire and interviews whereas secondary data gathered from different types of documentaries, published materials and internet websites resources. The gathered data were analyzed and interpreted by using tables and percentages. As the study revealed, the overall objective of good governance is to ensure good conduct with the concern for values, practices and behavior. These values are inculcated in an individual by his/her parents, teachers, religion, society and the environmental of work place. The essential duty of governance principles is to effectively and equitably implement ethical values of the society. Hence, it demands highly competent, well administration, participatory and good deal of sound policy formulation and distinct citizen orientation. The promotion of ethical values in good governance implies legality of government action; rationality in policy and decision making; evolving a sense of responsibility; creating excellence; facilitating spirit of individual and organizational goals; developing responsiveness; protecting the national interests; and bringing and elevating integrity. The study identified the role and challenge of realizing ethical values in promoting good governance in Dessie Town. It is recommended by the researcher that the officials and religious institutions must give high consideration to ethical values and principles for realization of good governance in the study area.

Проблеми застосування принципів належного урядування в адміністративному праві України

На сучасному етапі розвитку України важливим є врахування базисних ідей та принципів, на яких повинна засновуватися діяльність у сфері права згідно з міжнародними стандартами. Особливо це стосується розвитку та вдосконалення адміністративного права, зокрема сфери публічного адміністрування. У статті досліджуються принципи належного урядування та проблеми їх практичного застосування в адміністративному праві України.
 Метою статті є дослідження принципів належного урядування в історичному контексті, здійснення аналізу основних принципів належного урядування та їх характерних ознак, визначення переваг і недоліків застосування цих принципів в адміністративному праві України.
 Наукова новизна полягає у здійсненні системного аналізу адміністративної правореалізаційної практики застосування основних принципів належного урядування. Наводяться варіанти ефективної реалізації таких принципів у правовій дійсності та способи ліквідації недоліків і заповнення прогалин.
 Висновки. Принципи належного урядування повинні запроваджуватися системно. Це означає, що лише їх спільна дія може призвести до покращення та підвищення рівня діяльності публічної адміністрації. Реалізація принципів належного врядування була б доречною на чотирьох основних рівнях: теоретичному, нормативно-правовому, інформаційному та «правоусвідомчому». По-перше, наукова доктрина є важливою в тому плані, що хоча її складають суб’єктивні думки науковців та правників-практиків, проте це дає змогу найбільш якісно систематизувати знання у сфері публічного адміністрування, зокрема щодо можливих варіантів застосування керівних принципів. По-друге, нормативно-правовий рівень зумовлюється необхідністю законодавчого закріплення принципів належного урядування, що дисциплінуватиме суб’єктів публічної влади від порушень встановленими санкціями. По-третє, існує потреба інформування суб’єктів публічної влади, особливо державних службовців, про впровадження принципів належного урядування, розкриття їхньої сутності, механізму їх застосування у практичній діяльності. По-четверте, важливим фактором, що сприятиме вирішенню проблем у сфері публічного адміністрування, є правосвідомість. Суть полягає в суб’єктивному розумінні таких принципів та відношенні до них кожного з нас, а не лише суб’єктів публічної влади. І дуже важливо, щоб таке розуміння повністю співпадало із початково закладеною метою та цілями принципів належного урядування.

Public-private partnership and good governance: An overview

The concept of good governance covers a broad vision following a comprehensive approach. Its journey can be regarded as a process starting from Policy-making to Policy implementation. A government organization is considered to be successful if its actions exhibit good governance. Good Governance is an attempt to use the available manpower and financial resources to the best to respond to the societal needs not only confined to the increased public services but exhibit qualitative service delivery within a specific time period. It aims to increase people‘s participation in the decision making process directly/indirectly while framing the policies for various target groups. To achieve the objective of good governance, various combinations of Public-Private Partnership arrangements with E-Governance projects strengthen the administrative agencies at a global level. With the ‘Digital India’ initiative, Twenty first century marks the transformation of government to E-Government with various phases of governance from governance to democratic governance, good governance, spiritual governance, corporate governance, and so on. Good Governance demands transparency, responsiveness and accountability in the administrative system with E-Governance as a tool to direct the development goals towards good governance. This empowers the citizens to become creative with the digital world and enhance their knowledge about the country‘s economy and understand the working of the Indian government. The E-Governance projects were designed to make the public services available at their door steps and reduce corruption, but due to limited digital infrastructure and ever-increasing demands of the society, it has not been a success yet. The effectiveness of administrative machinery and the efficiency of the public officials are reflected by the quality of service delivery, performance of the government officials and the satisfaction level of the citizens. Without good governance, the development goals of the country cannot be achieved. The concept of E-Governance involves a well planned and multi-dimensional approach. Since independence, the different phases of the government have given new dimensions to the society. With the impact of LPG, the government has to face numerable challenges to balance public and the public services in compliance with time and the changing demands of the society. The prosperity and growth of any nation depends upon the quality of life of its citizens. The government agencies are responsible to look after the basic needs of its citizens and aim for their overall well being. But the present era reflects the mistrust and dissatisfaction of citizens on the public officials and government agencies. One major hindrance is corruption. Hence, e-government policy aims to reduce corruption and make government corruption-free. With-E-Governance, the policy makers while framing the policies should keep in mind that the public policies serve the purpose of the target groups for which they are framed. If the policy formulation and implementation are successful at both ends, this can make the administrative machinery much effective. Hence, the objective of good governance is also achieved.

Initiatives required for good governance

Good governance requires transparency, accountability, strict adherence to rule of law, responsiveness, equal participation of all the groups, efficiency and effectiveness, independence of judiciary, protection of human rights, fair and proper exercise of both political and administrative authority, committed, corruption free, dedicated and sincere administration, regular, free and fair elections, etc. A close examination of real position of good governance in India clearly stands for evidence that due to several flaws and drawbacks good governance in the country is a distant dream. The basic aims and objectives of good governance can be achieved if all the political bosses, administrators and all the citizens work with missionary zeal and are committed for the noble cause and are above petty politics, vested interests and follow ethical and moral values. There is also a need of effective, impartial, vigilant and enlightened citizens, fair press and electronic media, effective civil society, NGOs as well as speedy non biased judicial system.

Procurement and Supply Chain Management in Government Institutions: A Case Study of Select Departments in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

The current state of the South African (SA) government's Supply Chain Management (SCM) is fraught with malpractices which include lack of good governance, fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective procurement process. In light of the aforementioned, this paper reports on a study which examined SCM performance, more specifically, procurement management in select provincial government departments in SA. The aim of this exploratory study on which this paper is written, is to determine how procurement planning, execution, control, and monitoring affect SCM performance. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires which were personally distributed and collected by the primary researcher, from four Limpopo Provincial government departments which were purposively selected. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data.Generally, SCM performance in the various surveyed government departments is effective, although it became evident that the departments experience obstacles during the implementation of SCM processes and procedures. Furthermore, procurement planning is inadequate and needs improvement when the departments procure goods, services or works. Procurement execution was also found wanting, especially with regards to procurement governance.The results of this study may assist the participating departments to align their SCM and procurement practices to prescribed legislation in order to increase SCM performance, as well as achieve the objectives of good governance in terms of the Green Paper on Public Sector Procurement Reform in South Africa.

A strategic framework for good governance through e-governance optimization

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to attempt to find out whether the new information and communication technologies can make a significant contribution to the achievement of the objective of good governance. The study identifies the factors responsible for creating a conducive environment for effective and successful implementation of e-governance for achieving good governance and the possible barriers in the implementation of e governance applications. Based on the comprehensive analysis it proposes a strategic policy framework for good governance in Punjab in India. Punjab is a developed state ranked amongst some of the top states of India in terms of per capita income and infrastructure.Design/methodology/approach– The study designs a framework for good governance by getting the shared vision of all stakeholders about providing good quality administration and governance in the Indian context through “Participatory Stakeholder Assessment”. The study uses descriptive statistics, perception gap, ANOVA and factor analysis to identify the key factors for good governance, the priorities of public regarding e-services, the policy makers’ perspectives regarding good governance to be achieved through e-governance.Findings– The study captures the good governance factors mainly contributing to the shared vision. The study further highlights that most Indian citizens in Punjab today believe in the power of information and communication technology (ICT) and want to access e-governance services. Major factors causing pain and harassment to the citizens in getting the services from various government departments include: unreasonable delay, multiple visits even for small services; poor public infrastructure and its maintenance in government offices. In the understanding of citizens the most important factors for the success of e-governance services are: overall convenience and experience of the citizens; reduction in the corruption levels by improvement in the transparency of government functioning and awareness about the availability of service amongst general masses.Originality/value– The present study has evolved a shared vision of all stakeholders on good governance in the Indian context. It has opened up many new possibilities for the governments, not only to use ICTs and help them in prioritizing the governance areas for focused attention, but also help to understand the mindset of the modern citizenry, their priorities and what they consider as good governance. The study will help policy makers focus on these factors for enhancing speedy delivery of prioritized services and promote good governance in developing countries similar to India.

Defining and Achieving Good Governance

The research question for this paper is to identify how some widely accepted governance practices are not necessarily consistent with the objectives of good governance. One reason is that there is little agreement as to what are the objectives of generic good governance, be it in the public, private or non-profit sectors. The objective of good governance suggested for all sectors in this paper is the ability of an organization to further the purpose for its existence without imposing costs, harms and risks on society while acting equitably and ethically. In this way Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) become integrated into corporate governance while minimizing the extent, cost and need for government laws, regulations, regulators, legal actions and codes. However, many laws, regulations and codes accepted, promoted and even imposed by some regulators and governance-rating agencies include unethical counter productive conflicts of interests. Examples are identified with suggestions on how corporate constitutions could be amended to remove and/or ethically manage commonly accepted problems on a self-enforcing basis by separating governance powers from management. A separation of powers facilitates stakeholder engagement to obtain feedback and correction on any costs, harms and risks introduced by the organization while obtaining intelligence for achieving operating benefits with good governance. Because unethical counter productive practices are so widely accepted by regulators and practitioners, this paper concludes that the involvement of lay lawmakers is required to provide the leadership for achieving good governance.

Impact of Violence and Terrorism on Good Governance in Nigeria

The delivery of good governance in Nigeria is characterised with violence and terrorism since post-independence, these problems persist due to the internal contradictions inherent in the environment, which is obvious in the manner they allocate resources, policy implementation and traditional values. With the high level of violence and terrorism in the environment, the result is negative impact on political institutions and the administrators’ performance. The citizens expect the government to provide their needs through their representatives. The higher the expectations, the more their frustration grow higher. When good governance is near success and the dividends of democracy are not delivered as expected, these could lead to citizens developing apathy towards the government and political alienation. In finding solutions to this problem, this paper tends to find out the reasons violence and terrorism persists and hinders good governance in Nigeria, good governance and possible hindrances to its effective delivery, the prerequisites of good governance, the rationale behind violence and terrorism in the system, and to suggest a way for a proper democratic practice and objective of good governance so as to minimise violence and terrorism in the polity.

Its Time to Replace Toxic Governance with Good Governance

The Australian financial system is exposed to the same toxic governance practices that caused the financial crisis in 2008. The US Government’s 2011 commission of inquiry into the crisis concluded that a “key cause” was “dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management”. However, the Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority enforces US practices that become particularly toxic with Australia law. A shared source of toxicity arises from corporate constitutions providing directors with absolute power to corrupt themselves, their firm, and in the case of prudentially regulated institutions, the financial system and so the real economy. The solution is to amend constitutions to separate the power to govern from the power to manage while engaging with stakeholder constituencies to empower them to become co-regulators. A fundamental problem is that regulators, governance rating agencies and experts who formulate governance codes have not identified the objectives of good governance and so do not know where to head. Parliament is required to give direction. Good governance requires organizations to act ethically and fairly while minimizing harms, inequities, costs and risks on society by improving their self-governance. Self-governance is found in nature to allow creatures with little intelligence to reproduce in dynamic, complex unknowable environments. The paper describes how the laws of nature can be used to design the constitutions of organizations to follow the compelling success of simple creatures. The paper concludes that a Parliamentary inquiry is required to rectify the commitment by regulators, governance codes, and practitioners and their professional bodies to toxic governance.

The Challenges of Doing Development Research Consulting in the Pacific: From pre-departure to fieldwork and back in the office

One of the major objectives of good governance is the establishment of stronger and more effective links between science and policy. This is of particular concern in developing countries, which are in the process of building up their research infrastructure. This article explores the various challenges and pitfalls of conducting a research consultancy for an intergovernmental organization in five countries in the Pacific region. Three major periods of the research project cycle are discussed, including some of the difficulties experienced at each of the stages. The article begins by examining some of the initial pre-departure roadblocks, followed by problems that arose ‘in the field’, and finally, the implications and outcomes of the project.

Gender, Growth and Governance: Cross-Cutting Issues

There is overwhelming evidence that higher growth rate engenders greater reduction in poverty. However, one of India’s dilemmas is extracting growth from all its able agents, including women. Thus, an all-inclusive and sustainable growth means all having equal access, opportunity, and capability to participate in and benefit from the growth process with the readiness to face competition. In India, with the legacy of conservatism on the one hand and the scope of globalization and challenges of MDGs, we need to reposition the issues of feminism.The labor market is already constrained by educational disparities and skill shortages. For women, the problem gets compounded by issues of preventable violence, harassment, and pressures both at home and at workplaces. Apart from general deprivation, lack of resource ownership, and lack of decision-making power; the trends in modern enabling mechanisms such as the ICT are also areas of concern for gender equity and growth. Goals of growth and equity, therefore, need to be linked to the broader objective of good governance; be it in the private sector or the public sector, the agricultural sector or the non-agricultural sector, the rural sector or the urban sector. Our reforms need to be gender-sensitive, pro-nature, and pro-democratic. Only then the livelihood security of the people will be recognized and realized.With this background, the paper examines concepts and reviews issues pertaining to growth, equity, and productivity of women as the presently most deprived and vulnerable part of the total population. It discusses certain cross-cutting strategies affecting not only the empowering beneficiaries, but also the intervening agencies. We admit that the catch-up call and promotion in women’s status is highly challenging, if not equally controversial. But based on our analysis of the trends in growth in general; and inclusive growth in particular; we feel the need for a coherent and collective effort for women's active role in the economy, in politics, and in society.

Participatory Integrated Assessment in local level planning

The topic is introduced by a short but critical discussion of criteria and needs of Participatory Integrated Assessment (PIA) and participatory local planning. This paper depicts differences of participation in Integrated Assessment and in local level planning but provides also conditions and ideas how PIA can be used for local planning including implementation. A small review of PIA and participation in planning illustrates the relevance of PIA in a knowledge economy trying to adopt principles of good governance. A better incorporation of participatory research into local level planning seems to be crucial. The applicability of PIA in practices leading to participatory monitoring and evaluations are discussed. The outcomes of the paper show that possibilities exist for integrating PIA and participatory monitoring and evaluation into the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). PIA adds local information to water management planning and supports individual learning processes. The setting up of such a monitoring and evaluation system may contribute towards a transparent implementation of the WFD, it enhances commitment of citizens towards local government planning and eventually it increases self-determination of citizens, a major objective of good governance.

Changing to Gray: Decentralization and the Emergence of Volatile Socio-Legal Configurations in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Decentralization policy narratives articulated by donor agencies tend to describe decentralization as a technical process of policy design and implementation, advocating decentralization as a solution to particular problems. Drawing on research carried out in the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan following the inception of a decentralization program, this article examines how political processes at the national, district and village levels have led to highly volatile socio-legal configurations that create insecurity and heighten resource conflicts. It concludes that while the politics surrounding decentralization in different domains have ensured that the patterns of governance inherited from the past remain precariously distant from the objectives of good governance, decentralization has also opened up space for positive changes.

E‐government and developing countries: an overview

E‐governance is more than just a government website on the Internet. The strategic objective of e‐governance is to support and simplify governance for all parties; government, citizens and businesses. The use of ICTs can connect all three parties and support processes and activities. In other words, in e‐governance electronic means support and stimulate good governance. Therefore, the objectives of e‐governance are similar to the objectives of good governance. Good governance can be seen as an exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to better manage affairs of a country at all levels. It is not difficult for people in developed countries to imagine a situation in which all interaction with government can be done through one counter 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, without waiting in lines. However to achieve this same level of efficiency and flexibility for developing countries is going to be difficult. The experience in developed countries shows that this is possible if governments are willing to decentralize responsibilities and processes, and if they start to use electronic means. This paper is going to examine the legal and infrastructure issues related to e‐governance from the perspective of developing countries. Particularly it will examine how far the developing countries have been successful in providing a legal framework.

GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: THE SOUTH ASIAN CONTEXT

Public management in South Asia has had a chequered history. Emerging out of a past influenced by foreign domination, the countries of the region were recognized as separate nations after the conclusion of the Second War. Independence brought new challenges and responsibilities, and the region found it extremely difficult to make a complete break from the past, and establish a sound system of governance upon the existing practices and institutions for public management. Political, social, economic and ethnic problems posed formidable obstacles in the way of establishing and reforming institutions, refining processes and strategies of management, and guiding the region toward a more efficient and effective system. Considering the aims and objectives of good governance, this paper establishes the importance of public management as an essential tool in the process. Faced with a variety of political, economic and social problems, the governments of South Asia are striving to keep up with the trend of establishing a system of good governance. This is usually done by streamlining the structure of public management and developing a collaborative relationship between the political leadership and the civil service.