Objective Measures Of Sleep Quality Research Articles

Relationship between subjective sleep quality, self-reported sleep-wake complaints, and objective measures of sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders - preliminary results

Relationship between subjective sleep quality, self-reported sleep-wake complaints, and objective measures of sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders - preliminary results

Sleep and electroencephalography biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence supports a bi‐directional relationship between sleep and Alzheimer’s Disease, including sleep disruptions in preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease (pAD), prior to onset of overt cognitive symptoms. Subsequently, sleep phenotypic variables and electroencephalography (EEG) features are attractive noninvasive biomarkers for pAD. The Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease in Sleep and EEG (BASE) study seeks to develop such sleep‐EEG biomarkers for pAD.MethodCommunity‐dwelling participants (n = 52, mean age: 70.8 ± 4.5 years) underwent cognitive testing including Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA, general cognition), Craft Story 21 (CS21, memory), and Trails A and B (visuospatial, executive); performance was z‐scored by age, sex, and education. Objective measures of sleep quality were obtained using actigraphy over 4‐14 (mean 9.1) days at home: wake time after sleep onset (WASO), number of awakenings (NoA), and sleep efficiency. In‐lab overnight polysomnography was performed, and EEG features were extracted during NREM sleep from F3, F4, C3, and C4 channels: relative slow and fast delta power (RSDP, RFDP), spindle density, and slow wave density. The following morning (9‐10AM), CSF was obtained by fasted lumbar puncture, and assessed for amyloid‐b‐42 and tau; pAD was determined by tau/amyloid‐b‐42 ratio. Correlations between cognitive performance and EEG /sleep variables were performed using linear models, adjusted for age, sex, education, and sleep apnea status. Interaction between pAD status and correlations were assessed.ResultThere were 36 biomarker‐negative healthy controls (HC) and 16 with pAD; groups did not significantly differ demographically. RSDP and WASO were negatively associated with CS21 (RSDP: p = 0.040; WASO: p = 0.034). RFDP and NoA interacted with pAD status for MOCA (RFDP: p = 0.010; NoA: p = 0.026), and RFDP interacted with pAD status for CS21 (p = 0.017).ConclusionWe assessed objective sleep quality and sleep‐EEG features against cognitive performance, and any interaction with pAD status. Worse sleep quality was associated with worse memory performance. Among the EEG features assessed, RFDP was strongly negatively correlated with memory performance in those with pAD, suggesting neurophysiological aberrations of NREM sleep in this cohort.

An examination of the impact of age and sleep quality on neurocognition within a multi‐ethnic sample

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults and ethnoracially diverse groups (e.g., non‐Latinx Black (NLB), Latinx) are at higher risk of poor sleep quality. Poor sleep is linked to neurocognitive (NC) decline in middle/older adults, but much of the sleep literature has relied on global NC screening measures. This study examined the effects of age and sleep quality on NC functioning within a multi‐ethnic sample of middle/older adults utilizing a multi‐domain NC battery.MethodThis cross‐sectional study included 119 middle/older adults (M age = 65.3, SD age = 6.9; 46% NLB, 31% Latinx, and 23% non‐Latinx White (NLW); 63% female) who completed demographic questionnaires, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a comprehensive NC battery. PSQI global and component scores (e.g., Daytime Dysfunction; PSQI‐DD) measured subjective reporting of sleep quality. Demographically‐adjusted NC T‐scores were used to compute 8 NC‐domain and global average T‐scores. Pearson’s correlations, ANOVA, and multiple regressions were used to test hypotheses.ResultGlobal NC was not related to any PSQI components, and the PSQI components did not differ across ethnoracial groups (all p’s<.05). However, within‐group correlations revealed that the relationship between PSQI components and NC domains significantly differed across ethnoracial groups. For example, frequency of sleep medication usage was significantly negatively correlated with executive functioning in the NLB group (r = ‐.39, p = .02), but not NLW or Latinx groups. Multiple regressions, including age and the interactions between race/ethnicity and PSQI component scores, significantly predicted 21‐39% of the variance in all NC domains (p’s<.05), except attention/working memory (p = .60). The interaction between PSQI‐DD and ethnoracial status significantly predicted memory (p’s<.05); this relationship was positive in the NLW group (B = 20.20), yet negative in the NLB (B = ‐1.16) and Latinx (B = ‐0.56) groups (ps<.05).ConclusionDisordered sleep may have a greater impact on NC functioning, namely memory, among middle/older adults from diverse ethnoracial groups, who are already at heightened risk for NC decline. Importantly, global cognitive screening may be insufficient in examining the effects of sleep quality on NC in middle/older adults. Given the ethnoracial differences in sleep quality, future research should consider culturally‐tailored sleep interventions. Using objective sleep quality measures (e.g., actigraphy) may better quantify sleep components.

Association between Self-reported Sleep Quality and Single-task Gait in Young Adults: A Study Using Machine Learning.

Objective The objective of the present study was to find biomechanical correlates of single-task gait and self-reported sleep quality in a healthy, young population by replicating a recently published study. Materials and Methods Young adults ( n = 123) were recruited and were asked to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory to assess sleep quality. Gait variables ( n = 53) were recorded using a wearable inertial measurement sensor system on an indoor track. The data were split into training and test sets and then different machine learning models were applied. A post-hoc analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find statistically significant differences in gait variables between good and poor sleepers. Results AdaBoost models reported the highest correlation coefficient (0.77), with Support-Vector classifiers reporting the highest accuracy (62%). The most important features associated with poor sleep quality related to pelvic tilt and gait initiation. This indicates that overall poor sleepers have decreased pelvic tilt angle changes, specifically when initiating gait coming out of turns (first step pelvic tilt angle) and demonstrate difficulty maintaining gait speed. Discussion The results of the present study indicate that when using traditional gait variables, single-task gait has poor accuracy prediction for subjective sleep quality in young adults. Although the associations in the study are not as strong as those previously reported, they do provide insight into how gait varies in individuals who report poor sleep hygiene. Future studies should use larger samples to determine whether single task-gait may help predict objective measures of sleep quality especially in a repeated measures or longitudinal or intervention framework.

Sleep quality and diabetes associated factors, effect and interventions

Getting sleep is incredibly important for maintaining health and well-being, especially for individuals who have diabetes. Poor sleep quality can have an effect on how our bodies process glucose and utilize insulin potentially resulting in diabetes related issues and complications. Additionally, we explore interventions that have the potential to improve both sleep quality and overall diabetes outcomes. Through this review it is indicated that inadequate sleep quality can influence glucose control, increase the risk of complications associated with diabetes and reduce quality of life. Furthermore, we've identified interventions that show promise in improving both sleep quality and overall outcomes for individuals with diabetes. These interventions include implementing lifestyle changes, making modifications utilizing behavioral therapies and incorporating device-based strategies. We suggest that future studies use experimental designs and objective measures of sleep quality and glucose metabolism and include diverse samples of different types of diabetes.

Understanding the Relationships Between Sleep Quality and Depression and Anxiety in Neurotrauma: A Scoping Review.

Sleep problems, depression, and anxiety are highly prevalent after a spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may worsen functional outcomes and quality of life. This scoping review examined the existing literature to understand the relationships between sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in persons with SCI and TBI, and to identify gaps in the literature. A systematic search of seven databases was conducted. The findings of 30 eligible studies reporting associations between sleep quality and depression and/or anxiety after SCI or TBI were synthesized. The included studies were mostly cross-sectional and employed a range of subjective and objective measures of sleep quality. Poor subjective sleep quality and insomnia tended to be significantly associated with increased levels of depression and/or anxiety, but no such associations were reported when sleep quality was measured objectively. Two longitudinal studies observed worsening depressive symptoms over time were related to insomnia and persistent sleep complaints. Two interventional studies found that treating sleep problems improved symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings of this review suggest that sleep and psychopathology are related in persons with neurotraumatic injuries. This has important therapeutic implications, because individuals may benefit from therapy targeting both sleep and psychological issues. More longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to further understand the direction and strength of the relationships and how they impact patient outcomes.

P030 Understanding the relationships between sleep quality, and depression and anxiety in neurotrauma: A scoping review.

Abstract Introduction Sleep problems, depression, and anxiety are highly prevalent following a spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may worsen functional outcomes and quality of life. This scoping review examined the existing literature to understand the relationships between sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in people with SCI and TBI, and to identify gaps in the literature. Methods A systematic search of seven databases was conducted. The findings of 30 eligible studies reporting associations between sleep quality and depression and/or anxiety following SCI or TBI were synthesised. Results The included studies were mostly cross-sectional and employed a range of subjective and objective measures of sleep quality. Poor subjective sleep quality and insomnia tended to be significantly associated with increased levels of depression and/or anxiety, but no such associations were reported when sleep quality was measured objectively. Two longitudinal studies observed worsening depressive symptoms over time were related to insomnia and persistent sleep complaints. Two interventional studies found that treating sleep problems improved symptoms of depression and anxiety. Discussion The findings of this review suggest that sleep and psychopathology are related in people with neurotraumatic injuries. This has important therapeutic implications, as individuals may benefit from therapy targeting both sleep and psychological issues. More longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to further understand the direction and strength of the relationships, and how they impact patient outcomes.

Poor Subjective Sleep Quality Predicts Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Using the Experience Sampling Method.

Sleep quality may affect symptom experience in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms using actigraphy and the experience sampling method. Patients with IBS were recruited from a tertiary Neurogastroenterology clinic and the community. GI symptoms and mood were recorded on a smartphone application, 10 times per day, over 7 consecutive days. Subjective sleep quality was recorded every morning to reflect the night before. Objective measures of sleep quality were estimated from wrist-worn actigraphy. Cross-lagged structural equation models were built to assess the directionality of sleep-symptom relationships over time. Eighty patients with IBS completed the study (mean age: 37 years [range 20-68], 89% female, 78% community). Approximately 66% had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score ≥ 8, indicating a clinically significant sleep disturbance. Approximately 82% (95% CI: 72-90) screened positive for a sleep disorder, most commonly insomnia. In cross-lagged analysis, poor subjective sleep quality predicted next-day abdominal pain (0.036 < P < 0.040) and lower GI symptoms (0.030 < P < 0.032), but not vice versa. No significant relationship with GI symptoms was found for any objective sleep measure using actigraphy. Poor subjective sleep quality was associated with higher next-day lower GI symptom levels, but not vice versa. Objective sleep measures did not predict next-day abdominal symptoms, potentially supporting the conclusion that it is the perception of sleep quality that is most influential. This study may be used to guide future research into the effect of sleep interventions on GI symptoms.

Effects Of Exercise Training On Objective Measures Of Sleep Quality And Markers Of Peripheral Circadian Rhythm In Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment

Effects Of Exercise Training On Objective Measures Of Sleep Quality And Markers Of Peripheral Circadian Rhythm In Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment

Ecologically recorded sleep patterns, stress, and lifestyle behaviors in college students prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: Beginning in the spring of 2020, college students adapted to a myriad of COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors including personal and family health concerns, social isolation and future uncertainty that affect sleep behavior. We investigated how the pandemic affected ecologically recorded sleep patterns, self-reported stress and lifestyle behaviors in three semester-differentiated cohorts of college students enrolled in a psychology of sleep course. Methods: Students (N = 117) used the SleepScore biomotion sensor system to track sleep patterns and responded to behavior questions during the spring 2018, fall 2020, and spring 2022 semesters. Results: When compared to students in the spring 2018 pre-pandemic semester, students who underwent remote/hybrid learning in the fall 2020 semester displayed improved objective measures of sleep quality that were accompanied by increased deep sleep, fewer disruptions, and decreased time awake during the night, while self-reported stress ratings were unchanged. During pandemic semesters, students also reported decreased time studying, increased napping and screen use and higher ratings of bedroom comfort. Conclusions: Pandemic initiated remote learning and social restrictions may have allowed for healthier sleeping environments that likely contributed to better sleep health and stress resiliency in college students.

0958 Use of a Hybrid Mattress Improves Objective and Perceived Sleep Outcomes

Abstract Introduction Previous research has shown that comfort, including comfort of the sleep surface, is essential to sleep quality. In addition to comfort, the structure and firmness of a mattress may also play a role when it comes to sleep quality. More empirical research is needed to establish the impact of particular mattresses on both objective and self-reported measures of sleep quality. This study compared sleep on a hybrid mattress to participants’ prior sleep on their original mattress. Methods Healthy adults (81% female, ages 25-67) who reported sleeping hot participated in a 10-week field study, using a pre-post intervention design. During the 4-week baseline period, participants used their regular mattress at home. During the 4-week intervention period, which occurred following a 2-week adjustment period, they used a Serta iSeries mattress at home. This hybrid mattress includes materials designed to help the user feel cool. Sleep was measured objectively using SleepScore Max every night and by daily and pre-post self-report. Multilevel regression and paired t-tests were used to test for statistical significance. Results There were over 1,400 nights of tracked sleep across 39 participants. Objective sleep measurements showed increased time in bed (+10 minutes, p=.001) and total sleep time (+14 minutes, p=.002), as well as increased REM, both in duration (+6 minutes, p=.004) and proportion of the night (p=.023). Improvements also were observed in two objective sleep quality measures: SleepScore (p=.002) and MindScore (p=002). Self-report measures revealed that the hybrid mattress felt cooler (p&amp;lt;.001) and more comfortable (p&amp;lt;.001). Improvements also were found for a variety of perceived sleep outcomes, including time to fall asleep, waking less often, spending less time awake, longer sleep duration, better sleep quality, and feeling more rested in the morning (ps&amp;lt;.05). Conclusion Objectively-measured sleep and self-reported sleep improved when using the hybrid mattress compared to healthy adults’ original mattresses. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative self-report results suggested that the intervention was perceived as comfortable and felt cool. These perceptions likely are what led to more time in bed, which in turn led to the key sleep improvements. Support (if any) Mattress Firm INC

Plants Alkaloids Based Compound as Therapeutic Potential for Neurodegenerative

Although while getting a restful night's sleep is essential for your mental and physical health, insomnia is very prevalent. More people are turning to complementary and alternative therapies to treat or prevent sleeplessness. For hundreds of years, herbal treatments like valerian, passionflower, lemon balm, lavender, and California poppy have been utilized successfully. After using these herbal medicines, sleep latency was reduced and subjective and objective measures of sleep quality improved. Their sedative and sleep-inducing effects are caused by interactions with several neurotransmitter systems in the brain, according to molecular research. The plant species can be divided into 76 different genera and 32 different families, with the Asteraceae (24.2%) and Lamiaceae (21.1%) being the most prevalent subgroups. Leaves (29%) and flowers (27%), respectively, are used to make the majority of infusions (70%) and decoctions (25%). Just the most well-known taxa—out of the 106 known—are treated here (A. arvensis L., C. nepeta L., C. monogyna Jacq., H. lupulus L., L. nobilis L., L. angustifolia Mill., M. sylvestris L., M. chamomilla L., M. officinalis L., O. basilicum L., P. rhoeas L., P. somniferum L., R. officinalis L., T. platyphyllus Scop., and V. officinalis L.). Further study is required to confirm the therapeutic potential of these substitutes and define the mechanism of action of bioactive compounds because only seven of the fifteen species chosen have been investigated for pharmacological activity as hypnotic-sedatives.

Changes in sleep performance and chronotype behaviour after vestibular rehabilitation in unilateral vestibular hypofunction.

This study aimed to investigate changes in sleep parameters and self-perceived sleep quality in unilateral vestibular hypofunction participants after vestibular rehabilitation. Forty-six unilateral vestibular hypofunction participants (before and after vestibular rehabilitation) along with a control group of 60 healthy patients underwent otoneurological examination, a one-week actigraphy sleep analysis and a series of self-report and performance measures. After vestibular rehabilitation, unilateral vestibular hypofunction participants showed a significant score decrease in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a self-rated reliable questionnaire depicting sleep quality during the last month, as well as a reduction in sleep onset latency and an increase in total sleep time, indicating an objective improvement in sleep quality as measured by actigraphy analysis. However, after vestibular rehabilitation, unilateral vestibular hypofunction participants still showed statistically significant differences with respect to the control group in both self-rated and objective measurements of sleep quality. Vestibular rehabilitation may impact on sleep performance and chronotype behaviour, possibly by opposing long-term structural changes along neural pathways entangled in sleep activity because of the deafferentation of the vestibular nuclei.

Protocol for single case experimental design for yoga and sleep quality and inflammation: A two-hit model of sleep intervention

BackgroundPoor sleep quality is a neglected clinical condition in the elderly that could predispose them to morbidities and even mortality. Several lines of clinical evidence support the potential of Meditative Movement Interventions (MMIs) in the alleviation of sleep-related disturbances in the elderly population. However, further studies are needed to provide more definitive evidence regarding the effectiveness of yoga-based MMI. ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a repeated course of a yoga-based meditative intervention in a home environment to improve the sleep quality of elderly subjects. MethodA single-case experimental design with multiple baselines will be used to assess the effectiveness of Yoga-based meditative movement as an intervention for the alleviation of poor sleep quality in the elderly. A concomitant study will also be conducted to test the effectiveness of walking as an intervention using the identical design. We will recruit 6 participants with self-rated poor sleep quality (PSQI>) with external validation using actigraphy. Each participant will be randomly allocated to a different baseline phase (i.e., 7, 10, or 14 days), which will then be followed by a daily 45-min intervention over 12 weeks. The walking group will undergo daily walking. ConclusionThis single-case, multiple-baseline, between-case intervention randomization design will be the first report, wherein yoga-based intervention would be longitudinally monitored for changes in the objective measure of sleep quality. Trial registrationThe registration number for this trial is CTRI/2021/02/031466.

Evidence that heat acclimation training may alter sleep and incidental activity

ABSTRACT This randomized cross-over study tested the hypothesis that heat acclimation training would detrimentally affect sleep variables and alter incidental physical activity compared to a thermoneutral training control condition. Eight recreationally trained males (V̇O2peak 49±4.9 mL.kg-1.min-1) completed two separate interventions separated by at least 31 days: 5 consecutive day training blocks of moderate-intensity cycling (60 min·day-1 at 50% peak power output) in a hot (34.9±0.7 °C and 53±4 % relative humidity) and a temperate (22.2±2.6 °C; 65±8 % relative humidity) environment. Wrist-mounted accelerometers were worn continuously for the length of the training blocks and recorded physical activity, sleep quality and quantity. Data were analysed in a Bayesian framework, with the results presented as the posterior probability that a coefficient was greater or less than zero. Compared to the temperate training environment, heat acclimation impaired sleep efficiency (Pr β<0 = .979) and wake on sleep onset (Pr β>0 = .917). Daily sedentary time was, on average, 35 min longer (Pr β>0 = .973) and light physical activity time 18 min shorter (Pr β>0 = .960) during the heat acclimation period. No differences were observed between conditions in sleep duration, subjective sleep quality, or moderate or vigorous physical activity. These findings may suggest that athletes and coaches need to be cognisant that heat acclimation training may alter sleep quality and increase sedentary behaviour. Highlights Five consecutive days of heat training negatively affected some objective measures of sleep quality and incidental physical activity in recreationally trained athletes. Athletes and coaches need to be aware of the potential unintended consequences of using heat acclimation on sleep behaviours.

Remote monitoring of sleep activity in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma.

e14036 Background: Sleep disturbance is a common symptom experienced in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM) and has been correlated with poor physical and psychological outcomes. Advancements in wearable technologies have allowed for the opportunity to obtain objective measures of sleep quality outside of a laboratory setting. Thus, we conducted a secondary analysis of remotely monitored sleep data from a phase 1 study of newly diagnosed GBM patients following a classic ketogenic diet (KD) in addition to standard-of-care treatment. Methods: Patients with GBM were recruited between 04/2018-02/2021 to take part in a 16-week KD intervention with dietitian support. Patients’ physical activity (PA) (average step counts, duration of light/moderate/vigorous activity), nocturnal sleep data (total sleep time, restlessness and duration in light/deep/REM sleep), and sleep efficiency were collected through the use of a wearable activity monitor (Fitbit Charge HR3). Patient-reported quality of life (QoL) (QLQC30), PA, and sleep metrics were summarized at baseline, week 8, and week 16 (end of study). Correlation statistics were calculated between sleep measures, PA, and QoL outcomes. Results: Patients with available sleep data (n = 16) were included in the analysis (53% women, median age 55 years). Among the 16 included patients, adherence to wearing the device was 100% at baseline, 94% at 8 weeks, and 75% at week 16. Overall, mean sleep duration at baseline (days 1-7) was 6.5 hours (SD: 0.94) (n = 16), with an average sleep efficiency score of 92.9 (SD: 2.7), and an average number of sleep disturbances of 20.1 (SD: 6.7). Average duration in light, deep, and REM sleep (hours) was 4.6 (SD:0.98), 0.78 (SD:0.5), and 1.1 (SD:0.34), respectively. Longer baseline sleep duration was significantly correlated with daily step counts (correlation coefficient (r):0.55, p = 0.02), duration in PA (r: 0.55, p = 0.03), and improved QOL, although not statistically significant (r: 0.5, p = 0.06). Longer duration in REM sleep was also significantly correlated with higher patient-reported physical function (r: 0.64, p = 0.01), cognitive function (r: 0.61, p = 0.02), decreased fatigue (r: -0.67, p = 0.01), and increased duration in PA (r: 0.59, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that it was feasible to remotely monitor sleep activity in this population. This cohort of GBM patients present with shorter sleep duration than the recommended 7 hours and as compared to adults living with cancer and other chronic disease. Significant correlations were observed between sleep outcomes, notably in regard to duration in REM sleep, PA levels, patient-reported physical and cognitive function and fatigue. The use of wearable technology can provide additional insight into a patient’s sleep patterns and inform the development of tailored interventions for sleep disturbances. Given the small sample size, further research is warranted to validate these findings. Clinical trial information: NCT03451799.

0344 Use of an Adjustable Bed Base Improves Sleep Quality and Duration

Abstract Introduction The positional adjustment of a bed can potentially contribute to better sleep and alleviation of discomfort associated with a variety of medical conditions. As most studies in this area have focused on inclined sleeping for therapeutic purposes, understanding the impact of postural change on improving sleep among healthy individuals requires further research. This study compared sleep in an inclined position on an adjustable bed base to participants’ prior sleep on their original bed bases. Methods Healthy adults (61% female, ages 23-60) willing to sleep at an incline participated in an 8-week field study, using a pre-post intervention design. During the 4-week baseline period, participants used their regular bed base at home. During the 4-week intervention period, they used the Mattress Firm 600 Adjustable Base at home with head and/or feet raised (not flat). Sleep was measured objectively using SleepScore Max every night and by daily and pre-post self-report. Multilevel regression and paired t-tests were used to test for statistical significance. Results There were over 1,100 nights of tracked sleep across 26 participants. Objective sleep measurements showed many nightly improvements during the intervention compared to baseline: increased time in bed (+21 minutes, p=.003), total sleep time (+21 minutes, p=.001), and REM (+5 minutes, p=.009); less WASO, both in duration (-3 minutes, p=.046) and proportion of the night (p=.015); fewer awakenings (p=.034); and better sleep maintenance (p=.014). Improvements also were observed in 3 objective sleep quality measures: SleepScore, BodyScore, and MindScore (ps&amp;lt;.05).Self-report measures revealed greater comfort and enjoyment when using the adjustable base, as well as perceived improvement in a variety of outcomes, including time to fall asleep and falling asleep within a preferred amount of time, ability to sleep through the night, sleep duration, sleep quality and satisfaction, and feeling more rested in the morning (ps&amp;lt;.05). Conclusion Objectively-measured sleep and self-reported sleep improved in duration and quality when using the adjustable base compared to healthy adults’ original bed bases. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative self-report results suggested that the intervention was perceived as a comfortable and enjoyable experience. Support (If Any) Mattress Firm INC

Longitudinal and cross-sectional associations between the dietary inflammatory index and objectively and subjectively measured sleep among police officers.

Police officers experience exposures associated with increased inflammation, such as the stress associated with shiftwork and poor-quality diet, both of which have been shown to affect sleep duration and quality. This study examined the longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of the Energy-density Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) on objectively and subjectively measured sleep among police officers. Data were derived from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Cohort (n=464 at baseline), with longitudinal data collected from 2004 to 2019. A food frequency questionnaire obtained estimated dietary intake from which E-DII scores were calculated. Dependent variables were objectively (Micro Motion Logger Sleep Watch™) and subjectively (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) measured sleep quality and quantity. The analyses included a series of linear mixed-effects models used to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the E-DII and sleep quantity and quality. Cross-sectionally, more pro-inflammatory diets were associated with higher wake-after-sleep-onset but improved subjective sleep quality. In models accounting for both longitudinal and cross-sectional effects, for every 1-unit increase in the E-DII scores over time (representing a pro-inflammatory change), wake-after-sleep-onset increased by nearly 1.4min (p=0.07). This result was driven by officers who primarily worked day shifts (β=3.33, p=0.01). Conversely, for every 1-unit increase in E-DII score, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score improved. More pro-inflammatory diets were associated with increased wake-after-sleep-onset, an objective measure of sleep quality. Intervention studies to reduce dietary inflammatory potential may provide greater magnitude of effect for changes in sleep quality.

REM Sleep: An Unknown Indicator of Sleep Quality.

Standard polysomnographic analysis of sleep has not provided evidence of an objective measure of sleep quality; however, factors such as sleep duration and sleep efficiency are those more consistently associated with the subjective perception of sleep quality. Sleep reduction as currently occurs in our 24/7 society has had a profound impact on sleep quality; the habitual sleep period should fit within what is a limited nighttime window and may not be sufficient to satisfy the whole sleep process; moreover, the use of artificial light during the evening and early night hours can delay and disturb the circadian rhythms, especially affecting REM sleep. The correct phase relationship of the sleep period with the circadian pacemaker is an important factor to guarantee adequate restorative sleep duration and sleep continuity, thus providing the necessary background for a good night’s sleep. Due to the fact that REM sleep is controlled by the circadian clock, it can provide a window-like mechanism that defines the termination of the sleep period when there is still the necessity to complete the sleep process (not only wake-related homeostasis) and to meet the circadian end of sleep timing. An adequate amount of REM sleep appears necessary to guarantee sleep continuity, while periodically activating the brain and preparing it for the return to consciousness.

Associations of objective and subjective sleep quality with MRI markers of brain ageing and Alzheimer’s disease

AbstractBackgroundSleep is increasingly recognised as a major risk‐factor for cognitive ageing and neurodegenerative disorders such as late‐onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD). Poor sleep quality has been linked to impaired cerebral clearance of amyloid‐beta, neurofibrillary tangles and reduced cognitive function. Recent studies have also highlighted a relationship between disturbed sleep and age‐related changes in brain structure.MethodWe used ordinary least‐squared regression adjusted for age, gender, BMI, intracranial volume and APOE4‐status to investigate the associations of MRI‐based markers of brain ageing and LOAD‐related brain atrophy patterns (Frenzel et al. 2019; Janowitz et al. 2016 and Weihs et al. 2020) as well as cognitive performance in terms of the immediate and delayed wordlist recollection from the Nuremberg‐Age‐Inventory (NAI) with questionnaire and polysomnography (PSG) based measures of sleep quality in 717 subjects from the large‐scale population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐Trend). We analysed the percentage of total sleep time (TST) spent in slow‐wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, sleep duration, sleep efficiency and sleep latency as objective sleep quality measures and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) as subjective sleep quality measure.ResultWe have identified inverse associations of the percentage of TST spent in slow‐wave and REM sleep with brain atrophy related to ageing and LOAD, which was mainly driven by slow‐wave sleep, with both percentages of TST and duration showing significant inverse associations. Furthermore, there was a non‐linear u‐shaped association between sleep duration and age‐related atrophy patterns. Similar associations were found for the NAI sum score and the NAI delayed recollection sub‐score, but neither were significant after correcting for multiple testing. No associations with the PSQI score were found.ConclusionWe identified associations between PSG based sleep quality markers, but not subjective sleep quality, and brain atrophy related to ageing and LOAD. With no treatment being yet available, improving objective sleep quality, especially slow‐wave sleep, could prove a viable target to slow‐down the process of cognitive decline and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative disorders such as LOAD.