Objectified Body Consciousness Research Articles

Selfie posting behavior, self-objectification and body image dissatisfaction among women

The purpose of this study is to explore excessive selfie uploading behavior on social media sites among young women and its negative effects on women concepts related to their self and body image. Researches reveals that excessive selfie posting behavior among young women enhances self-objectification behavior. They spend a lot of their time and energy in taking and posting selfies, in editing their selfies just because of the factor to look beautiful and to get more likes and comments under their posts, and to meet the thin ideal beauty standards of social media, they are continually trying to present their self’s in manners that are perfect in every expect. On the other side these activities are disturbing their academic performances and their mental health as well. These activities also affect their interpersonal relationships with their families. A purposive sample of 450 women was taken from different areas of Sialkot, Pakistan from which 200 were screen out who fall on borderline according to the scoring criteria of selfitis behavior scale. A self- developed demographic sheet was administered along with Selfitis behavior scale (Balakrishnan & Griffiths, 2017), Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinley & Hyde, 1996) and Body shape questionnaire (Evans & Dolan, 1993) was used. For data analysis, Inferential statistics, Pearson product moment correlational was used to assess the relationship and Multiple regression and T-test was used to compare different variables through SPSS (V-22). Results showed significant positive relationship of overall SBS score with self-objectification and body image dissatisfaction (p<.000, p<.000). moreover, the results of Pearson product moment correlational also shows significant correlation with overall SBS scores with self-objectification and body image dissatisfaction (r<.423**, r<.616**). Findings of this study provide awareness about how social networking sites are promoting selfie posting behavior among women of Sialkot, Pakistan.

Self-Objectification and Self-Sexualizing Appearance Behaviors in Chinese Lesbian and Bisexual Females: Moderating Effect of Femme/Butch/Androgyne Identity

ABSTRACT In heterosexual populations, self-objectification is associated with self-sexualizing appearance behaviors. This study examined the relationship between self-objectification and self-sexualizing appearance behaviors and the moderating effect of butch/androgynous/femme sexual self-label identification in Chinese bisexual and lesbian females. We recruited 637 bisexual and lesbian females to complete an online questionnaire that asked about demographic information and feminine and masculine self-sexualizing appearance behaviors and measured the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale. Feminine self-sexualizing appearance behaviors include wearing high heels, short skirts, low-cut outfits, skinny clothes and makeup. Masculine self-sexualizing appearance behaviors include wearing short hair and binding breasts. Femme-identified females scored higher on body surveillance than did butch- and androgynous-identified females. Butch-identified females reported having more masculine self-sexualizing behaviors, whereas femme-identified females reported having more feminine self-sexualizing appearance behaviors. Sexual self-label identification moderated the relationship between self-objectification and feminine self-sexualizing behaviors. Body surveillance was significantly associated with feminine self-sexualizing behaviors in femme- and androgynous-identified females but not in butch-identified females. Body shame was negatively associated with feminine self-sexualizing appearance behaviors in androgynous-identified females. The current findings highlight the role of sexual self-label identification in self-objectification among Chinese bisexual and lesbian females. The findings imply the heterogeneousness of self-objectification among Chinese bisexual and lesbian females.

Struggling at School: Are Exposure to Television's Eurocentric Appearance Norms and Objectified Body Consciousness Associated Factors?

Theoretical work on objectified body consciousness, comprised of body surveillance and body shame, proposes several negative sequelae of holding an objectified view of the self (i.e., valuing the body primarily for its attractiveness to others). Few studies have examined associations between objectified body consciousness and academic beliefs and strategies among adolescent girls, especially girls of color. In the present study, we investigated a conceptual model whereby exposure to Eurocentric appearance norms through TV consumption is related to body surveillance and body shame which, in turn, are related to academic beliefs and strategies among a racially diverse sample of United States girls. Participants were 650 self-identified Asian American/Pacific Islander, Black, and White adolescent girls ( Mage = 15.45, SDage = 1.50). Higher Eurocentric appearance norms exposure was associated with higher body shame which, in turn, was associated with maladaptive academic beliefs and strategies for all three groups of girls. In contrast, higher Eurocentric appearance norms exposure was associated with higher body surveillance and just one academic belief, and in White girls only. Future work should continue to examine these associations among adolescent girls of color. In addition, we encourage educators to include body image content in media literacy curricula as a means of disrupting associations between Eurocentric appearance norms, body shame, and academic functioning.

여성의 온라인 관여도가 객체화된 신체의식과 외모관리행동에 미치는 영향

여성의 온라인 관여도가 객체화된 신체의식과 외모관리행동에 미치는 영향

Pathways from media attention and peer communication to body dissatisfaction: the moderating role of protective filtering

BackgroundNegative body image is a common psychological phenomenon among young Chinese women, and merits further investigation. Peers and the media are important factors that associated with body image. This study explored how media and peers promote body dissatisfaction among young Chinese women, including the mediating role of body surveillance and the moderating role of protective filtering.Methods3499 women from the general China community aged 18–40 years (M = 23.44 years, SD = 1.18 years) were investigated with sociocultural attitudes towards appearance scale-3, objectified body consciousness scale and protective filtering scale. The data were analyzed by using a moderated mediation model with SPSS and the Process 4.0 macro.ResultsCorrelational analysis results indicated that body surveillance acted as a chained indirect effect between the internalization of media information and body dissatisfaction, as well as between peer comparison and body dissatisfaction. Moreover, protective filtering was demonstrated to moderate the path of media attention affecting the internalization of media information and the path of peer communication affecting peer comparisons.ConclusionOur results contribute to the understanding of the sociocultural mechanisms underlying young women’s negative body image. Furthermore, investigating the moderating effect of protective filtering is conducive to guiding future female positive body image interventions.

Assessing and understanding body image and body satisfaction in gay and bisexual men through objectification theory

Body dissatisfaction and the prevalence of Objectification Theory are researched and often discussed in terms of cisgender women. Research that mentions body image in the gay and bisexual community concludes that there is either a small percentage of gay and bisexual men that experience body dissatisfaction or that gay and bisexual men have higher rates of body satisfaction than cisgender women. This study, firstly, aims to assess body image and satisfaction in the understudied gay community. Then, it aims to develop an understanding of gay men’s narratives of body image and body dissatisfaction. Using a unique survey composed of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) and the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS), a total of 387 surveys, including 158 cisgender women and 179 gay and bisexual men, were collected. Upon initial observation, gay and bisexual men have greater body satisfaction than cisgender women. However, when grouped by age, gay and bisexual men aged 16-25 have a higher body dissatisfaction than cisgender women and have higher body dissatisfaction than the other age groups of gay and bisexual men. These results start the conversations that experiences that are considered traditionally feminine can affect masculine individuals.

Investigating the Association of Body Image Concerns and Disordered Eating Behaviors

This study explores the factors driving eating disorders in South Korea within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, paying particular attention to individuals who are considering cosmetic operations because of their concerns about their bodies. Regression analysis and a two-sample t-test were used to determine the mechanism behind disordered eating behaviors. According to our research, eating disorders are significantly correlated with objectified body consciousness, appearance comparison, self-esteem, perceived body shape, and age. We also found substantial differences between individuals who had liposuction and those who had not, indicating a higher likelihood of viewing one's body as an object and engaging in body image and appearance comparisons as important indicators of eating disorders. The results show the need for greater knowledge of the factors that contribute to eating disorders and addressing body image concerns in prevention and treatment efforts.

Level of Self-Objectification among Adolescent Girls from Co-educational Schools and All-Girls Schools: A Comparative Study

Background Indian females have been objectified since time immemorial. The ancient Indian texts and architecture have numerous instances of sexual objectification of females. In the present time, self-objectification in girls is evident from the increasing popularity of apps like Photoshop, the rise in the makeup industry, plastic and cosmetic surgeries, and so on. This is especially relevant for females across the globe and leads to huge negative effects on women’s identities. Purpose The aim of the present study is to assess and compare the levels of body surveillance (self-objectification), body shaming, and control beliefs in adolescent girls from co-educational schools and all-girls schools. Methods Four hundred adolescent girls from Convent schools in different cities in Uttar Pradesh were included in the study using purposive (homogeneous) sampling based on the inclusion criteria. The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS) was used to assess body surveillance (self-objectification), body shaming, and control beliefs. Results The results of the study revealed that the level of body surveillance (self-objectification) was significantly high among Indian adolescent girls. It was found that all-girls schools had a higher level of body surveillance (self-objectification), body shaming, and control beliefs as compared to adolescent girls from co-educational schools. Conclusion It can be concluded that the phenomenon of self-objectification has numerous implications for the physical and mental well-being of girls, particularly during their formative years. Healthy behaviors and positive thoughts are the best ways to respect and honor one’s body. The research suggests the need for meditation, awareness workshops, and school-level counseling for adolescent girls, especially in all-girls schools.

Self-Objectification, Objectified Body Consciousness and Eating Attitudes in Adults

The objective of the current research was to discover self-objectification, objectified body consciousness and eating attitudes in adults. Hypotheses were: (1) There is likely to be a relationship in self objectification, objectified body consciousness and eating attitudes (2) Self objectification is likely to predict objectified body consciousness and eating attitudes. Total 161 participants ranging between 18-30 years of age were selected through non probability purposive sampling from different gyms in Lahore. Pearson Product Moment Correlation showed that self-objectification is positively related to eating attitudes, body surveillance and body shame whereas negatively correlated with appearance control beliefs. Multiple regression showed self-objectification as strongest predictor of appearance control beliefs and body surveillance. The study concludes that self-objectification is connected to faulty beliefs about self and disturbed eating attitudes which imply that realistic body goals need to be promoted in our society.

Changing to Impress: Testing a Mediation Model from Instagram Self-presentation to Cosmetic Surgery

BackgroundThis study examined the relationship between false self-presentation on Instagram and consideration of cosmetic surgery through the mediating role of body image control in photos (BICP), photo manipulation, and body shame. We predicted that false self-presentation on Instagram was indirectly associated with cosmetic surgery intentions through the aforementioned constructs.MethodsA total of 504 young Italian adults (28.2% males, 18–30 years) completed an online survey. They completed a questionnaire containing the Self-presentation on Instagram Questionnaire, the Body Image Control in Photos Questionnaire—revised, the Photo Manipulation Scale, the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, and the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale. The pattern of associations between the constructs was analyzed via path analysis.ResultsThe results show that false self-presentation on Instagram was associated with photo manipulation, both directly and indirectly, through BICP. Furthermore, photo manipulation was linked to body shame, but neither of them was associated with cosmetic surgery intentions. Finally, false self-presentation on Instagram was associated with the consideration of cosmetic surgery only through the mediation of BICP.ConclusionFindings indicate that self-presentation styles might affect Instagram photo behaviors and individuals’ cosmetic surgery intentions, suggesting that surgeons should fully examine patients’ motivations before providing them with services. Furthermore, intervention programs encouraging users to present a more authentic version of themselves online might reduce the risk of self-objectification and reduce the consideration of procedures aimed at modifying one's body for purely aesthetic reasons.Level of Evidence VThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

360-degree video-based body-ownership illusion for inducing embodiment: development and feasibility results

Illusions that create a sense of ownership over a virtual body have been widely used to investigate the characteristics of our bodily experience. Despite the great potential of 360-degree videos to implement full-body ownership illusion, research is in its early stages, and no validated tools—neither commercial nor free—are available for the scientific and clinical community. In the current study, we present and discuss the development and feasibility results of a free 360-degree video-based body ownership illusion that researchers and scholars can experience using a cardboard headset with their smartphones. Forty-six participants underwent the 360-degree video-based full-body ownership illusion, visualizing in a first-person perspective (1PP) or in a mirror view the pre-recorded body of a young female performer. All participants were exposed to a congruent visuo-tactile condition (embodiment condition) and to an incongruent visuo-tactile condition (control condition). Participants completed the Embodiment Questionnaire and the Objectified Body Consciousness (OBC) scale. Results revealed that in the congruent visuo-tactile condition (compared to the control one), participants experienced a strong illusion in terms of body ownership, self-location, and agency. In terms of visual perspective, there was no difference in embodiment feelings between participants who experienced the illusion in 1PP and those who underwent a mirror perspective. Lastly, the control beliefs subscale (i.e., OBC scale) displayed a positive correlation with the self-location illusion susceptibility. Overall, these results point to the feasibility of this novel tool as immersive 360-degree video-based scenarios to deliver bodily illusions, and they open new avenues for future clinical interventions.

Psychosocial Effect of Brace Treatment in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Study Using EQ-5D.

Retrospective cohort study. To evaluate psychosocial effect of brace treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using EuroQoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) depression and anxiety category. AIS is a structural abnormality of the spine often affecting patients during the puberty, a critical period of developing psychosocial problems. Many questionnaires had been adapted to evaluate mental health and health-related quality of life of AIS patients. However, these questionnaires are often time consuming and difficult to obtain. Therefore, a simpler substitute-EQ-5D-was evaluated. This is a single-center retrospective cohort analysis of adult idiopathic scoliosis patients aged between 8 and 19, visiting outpatient's clinic. Beck's depression inventory, EQ-5D and EuroQoL visual assessment scale, and Objectified Body Consciousness Scale for Youth were compared between brace group and non-brace group of AIS patients. Furthermore, difference between male and female were evaluated within brace group. None of the questionnaire showed significant difference between brace and non-brace group. However, when male and female patients were compared within brace group, female patients were significantly more susceptible to depression and anxiety based on EQ-5D and body consciousness. Furthermore, depression and anxiety according to both BDI and EQ-5D were significantly correlated to health-related quality of life. During brace treatment of female AIS patients, psychosocial status played a significant role in health-related quality of life. EQ-5D is a simple way to monitor the mental health status.

An Overview of Psychological Analysis of Breast Cancer Patients undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy and Breast Conservation Surgery and its impact on Objectified Body Consciousness at a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre in South India

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common cancer among females, and surgery plays a central role in its treatment. Surgical treatments may have a negative psychological impact on women's mental health regarding their body image. The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological health insights pertaining to objectified body consciousness scores before and after the surgery and also to observe whether these scores were comparable across the surgery types. Materials and MethodsThis retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data included 706 breast carcinoma patients who underwent either Breast Conservation Surgery or Modified Radical Mastectomy at tertiary care Cancer Centre, between the years 2020 to 2021. A validated questionnaire of Objectified Body Consciousness was used to obtain responses at diagnosis and at 6 months postsurgery and final scores were calculated for both instances. Two sample t-tests/analysis of variance and Chi-square tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables respectively. ResultsOut of total 706 breast cancer patients, 402 patients underwent Breast Conservation Surgery and 304 underwent Modified radical mastectomy procedure. A statistically significant change was seen in the mean Objectified Body Consciousness Score (14.22 ± 15.44) for all patients when compared preoperatively(72.72 ± 11.38) and postoperatively(60.15 ± 17.58). This change was higher in the Modified Radical Mastectomy group(29.38 ± 11.53). Also, statistically significant rise in scores was seen with increasing age. ConclusionWe could affirmatively conclude in our study that younger breast cancer patients and all patients who underwent a Modified Radical Mastectomy, had more psychological apprehension with the body image postsurgery, signifying these groups should be encouraged by healthcare professionals to reach out for counselling at the earliest.

Blood and Guts: Menstrual Suppression in the Context of Objectification, Gender, and Choice

Menstrual suppression, the reduction or elimination of occurrences of monthly bleeding, has become increasingly commonplace. As with many choices that women make about their bodies, however, the decision to suppress menstruation may be influenced at least in part by the socially constructed meanings associated with their bodies and its stigmatized functions. In this study, we investigated whether self-objectification may be associated with menstrual suppression using quantitative measures of objectified body consciousness. We found that one aspect of self-objectification in particular, body surveillance, was significantly correlated with menstrual suppression. We also explored menstruators’ self-reported motivations for pursuing suppression using open-ended responses and found that different groups of suppressors endorsed different motivations. That is, menstruators who sought short-term suppression were more likely to be motivated by specific activities for which periods are judged to be incompatible (i.e., sexual relations and important events), whereas menstruators who sought long-term suppression were more likely to be motivated by persistent unpleasant circumstances associated with menstruation (i.e., inconvenience and pain). Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings in context of health, stigma, objectification, and choice.

Body image and Black African women: A comparative study of Kenya and Nigeria

Very few cross-national studies on body image focus on Black African women. In this study, a comparative analytical approach and sociocultural theory framework was utilized in examining measures of body image among 209 Kenyan and Nigerian women aged 18–69 (M = 34.4, SD = 7.81). We examined both weight-related and non-weight-related aspects of appearance, including hair texture, skin tone, and other racialized features. The regional samples were compared on scores of internalized Eurocentric beauty ideals, skin color satisfaction, objectified body consciousness, racialized body image satisfaction, and other demographic metrics. Kenyan and Nigerian women showed differences across multiple body image measures. Nigerian women showed thinner body ideals compared to Kenyan women and also endorsed higher skin color satisfaction, racialized body dissatisfaction, and internalized Eurocentric beauty idealization. Kenyan women showed higher levels of objectified body consciousness. An indirect effect of nationality was observed with internalized Eurocentric beauty ideals mediating differences in racialized body dissatisfaction and objectified body shame. Attention to regional variation in appearance satisfaction may deepen understandings of the particular sociocultural influences impacting body image among populations of Black African women.

Effect of curable clothing on self-objectified depressive symptoms in professional women

BackgroundWomen tend to evaluate and define themselves from people’s judgments about their appearance, which leads to depression symptoms of women in the workplace, specifically manifested as anxiety about their appearance, anxiety about safety, social disorder, cognitive disorder, emotional disorder, etc. The intervention principle of curative clothing is that women’s self-emotion is interpreted in the visual and tactile aspects of clothing, and depressed women are always aware of their existence and free will, and have a sense of spiritual satisfaction, so as to achieve the effect of intervention in depressive symptoms. The intervention mechanism of healing clothing is to induce the desire for self-protection, self-respect emotion and body image satisfaction of women in the workplace.Subjects and MethodsThe subjects of this study are 120 female patients with depression aged from 16 to 60 years old. The research method is mainly to carry out group intervention treatment. The patients were divided into two groups on average. The first group was conventional psychiatric care for depression and was set as the control group. The second group was set as the experimental group. On the basis of conventional treatment, the dressing of patients was standardized, and healing clothes were introduced into the intervention. The intervention last 4 weeks, and then the patients were observed by OBCS (The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale) and EMA (Ecological Momentary Assessment) dynamic test. Finally, the scale scores and EMA dynamic test results of the two groups of patients were analyzed through SPSS25.0. The experimental data is shown in Figure 1.Table 1.OBCS score of two groups of patientsGroupingAge spanOBCStPControl group20.33±2.5240.10±4.60–17.340.00Experimental group20.04±2.1737.00±5.90–13.690.00ResultsThe experimental results showed that the average OBCS score of patients in the control group was 40.1±4.6 points, and the average OBCS score of patients in the experimental group was 37±5.9 points. In the EMA assessment, the level of self-objectification of the patients in the experimental group and the control group decreased during the intervention period, but compared with the control group, the decline trend of the experimental group was more obvious.ConclusionsAccording to the data comparison of the intervention results, the treatment measures of the aty group reduced the objectification level of female patients with depression. At the same time, the EMA evaluation results showed that the curative clothing intervention made female patients pay more attention to their own state, and the healing material texture of the clothing provided positive psychological hints for patients, effectively reducing the non-suicidal self-injury behavior of patients.AcknowledgementsThe research is supported by: Heilongjiang Higher Education Teaching Reform Project, Project Name: Innovation Research on the integration of red culture resources into art design curriculum model in the big data era. Project Code: SJGY20210960.

대학생의 사회부과 완벽주의가 신체상 염려에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of self-disgust for university students in mediating role of self-objectification between socially prescribed perfectionism and body dysmorphic concerns.
 Methods 364 university students were asked to complete the questionnaires: Korean version of Self-Disgust Scale(K-SDS), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(MPS), The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale(OBCS), Body Image Concern Inventory(BICI).
 Results The results were as follows: First, the partial mediating effect of self-objectification on the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and body dysmorphic concerns was found. Second, the significant moderating effect of self-disgust on the relationship between self-objectification and body dysmorphic concerns was found. Third, the moderated mediating effect of self-disgust in the mediation of self-objectification between socially prescribed perfectionism and body dysmorphic concerns was found.
 Conclusions Based on the results, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER, SELF-OBJECTION AND COMPETITIVE ATTITUDE IN INDIVIDUALS APPLICATION TO DERMATOLOGY CLINIC

Abstract: Purpose: Body dysmorphic disorder is important because it is a frequently encountered disorder in the dermatological patient group. This research aims to understand the relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and selfobjectification and competitive attitude and related factors. Method: The study was interviewed with 43 people who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic between July 2022 and September 2022. Body Dysmorphic Disorder Screening- Self-Assessment Form was used to evaluate body dysmorphic disorder symptoms, Objectified Body Consciousness Scale was used to evaluate self-objectification, Competitive Attitude Scale was used to measure understanding of competitiveness. Study data were evaluated with t-test in independent groups, one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Results: In the study, it was determined that the average age of the individuals who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic was 26.49 and 69.8% of them were women. There was a significant positive correlation between body dysmorphic disorder symptom severity and body monitoring (rp = 0.32, p<0.05) and comparison (rp = 0.43, p<0.005) sub-dimensions; significant and negative correlations were found between body dysmorphic disorder symptom severity and competitive pleasure (rp = -0.40, p<0.05) sub-dimension. Conclusion: It is seen that watching and comparing one’s own body has a negative effect on the severity of body dysmorphic disorder. Determining the factors that feed the body monitoring and comparison behaviors will increase the success in the treatment of the dermatological patient group.

웨이트 트레이닝 참여 남성의 객체화 신체의식이 신체만족도와 외모관리의도에 미치는 영향

This study aims to investigate how the body satisfaction and appearance management intention of men in their 20s and 30s is affected by men"s objectified body consciousness; their level of SNS use; and their level of weight training. An online survey was conducted on men in their 20s and 30s who do weight training more than once a week, and 201 responses were used for data analysis. For data analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis, and mediating analysis using Hayes SPSS process macro were performed. Sub-dimensions of objectified body consciousness—body shame, body surveillance, and control belief—were obtained. It was found that control belief and the level of weight training had a significantly positive effect on body satisfaction, indicating that the higher the control belief and level of weight training, the higher the body satisfaction. It was also found that body shame; the level of SNS use; the level of weight training; and body satisfaction had a positive effect on appearance management intention. This indicates that the higher one feels body shame and body satisfaction, combined with high levels of SNS use and weight training, the higher the intention to manage one’s appearance becomes. Finally, body satisfaction acts as a mediating variable in the relationships between control belief and intention to manage one’s appearance, and between level of weight training and the intention to manage one’s appearance.

SELF-OBJECTIFICATION AND BODY SHAME: A STUDY ABOUT APPEARANCE ANXIETY AMONG PAKISTANI STUDENTS PARTICIPATING IN SPORTS

Abstract
 Objectives. The presented study was aimed to examine self-objectification and body shame in relation to appearance anxiety among college students participating in sports (N=300).
 Method. The sample included students of Rawalpindi and Islamabad colleges including both sectors government and private colleges as well as both genders, male (N=150) and female college students (N=150). The self-objectification was assessed through The Surveillance subscale of Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinley & Hyde, 1996), appearance anxiety through Appearance Anxiety Scale brief version (Dion, Dion & Keelan, 1990) and body shame with the help of Body Shame Subscale, of Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinely & Hyde, 1996).
 Results. The study found significant positive correlation between self-objectification and body shame, self-objectification and appearance anxiety. The body shame and appearance anxiety were also found to be positively related with each other. The self-objectification was also found to be predictor of body shame and appearance anxiety among the respondents.
 Conclusion. The findings indicate that experiencing self-objectification is directly linked with body shame and appearance anxiety. The study would be helpful in examining self-objectification, appearance anxiety and body shame on other samples.
 Keywords: Self-objectification, Appearance Anxiety, Body Shame