Service Objectives Research Articles

Role of recovery profile dependency in time‐dependent resilience

AbstractResilience assessment of civil structures and infrastructure systems plays a vital role in quantitatively measuring the object's ability to withstand and recover from disruptive events (e.g., natural hazards). The performance of the object (structure or system) may degrade with time, and the external loads often display nonstationary characteristics with time‐varying occurrence rate and/or magnitude. In this context, the resilience would be dependent on the duration of the reference period of interest, known as time‐dependent resilience. This article investigates the effect of recovery profile dependency on the time‐dependent resilience of structures and systems. The term “recovery profile dependency” refers to the association of the post‐hazard recovery processes in the aftermath of different load events within the object's service life, and is reflected through the following three aspects: (1) the temporal correlation between the remaining functionalities associated with different load events; (2) the load–recovery interaction (i.e., the scenario that a load event occurs before the full recovery of the degraded functionality due to the previous load event), and (3) the resource allocation strategy in the presence of limited resources, which affects the expeditiousness of each recovery process. In particular, for (2), the concept of average ratio of interaction is proposed to measure the frequency of load‐recovery interaction. The evaluation of time‐dependent resilience is demonstrated through two examples. It is shown that, the time‐dependent resilience is sensitive to the impact of load–recovery interaction and the selection of resource allocation strategy, but is insensitive to the temporal correlation of the remaining functionalities.

Responsive Parallelism with Synchronization

Many concurrent programs assign priorities to threads to improve responsiveness. When used in conjunction with synchronization mechanisms such as mutexes and condition variables, however, priorities can lead to priority inversions, in which high-priority threads are delayed by low-priority ones. Priority inversions in the use of mutexes are easily handled using dynamic techniques such as priority inheritance, but priority inversions in the use of condition variables are not well-studied and dynamic techniques are not suitable. In this work, we use a combination of static and dynamic techniques to prevent priority inversion in code that uses mutexes and condition variables. A type system ensures that condition variables are used safely, even while dynamic techniques change thread priorities at runtime to eliminate priority inversions in the use of mutexes. We prove the soundness of our system, using a model of priority inversions based on cost models for parallel programs. To show that the type system is practical to implement, we encode it within the type systems of Rust and C++, and show that the restrictions are not overly burdensome by writing sizeable case studies using these encodings, including porting the Memcached object server to use our C++ implementation.

Long-term outcomes on the rates of total knee replacement amongst patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis who meet surgical criteria and received a non-invasive biomechanical intervention.

Long-term outcomes on the rates of total knee replacement amongst patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis who meet surgical criteria and received a non-invasive biomechanical intervention.

Дистанционный мониторинг событий, вызывающих снижение производительности информационных и информационно-поисковых систем

The object of research is events that randomly or intentionally exploit the built-in locking mechanism of SQL Server, which significantly reduce the performance of information and information search engines. The subject of the research is the remote monitoring of blocking processes. The purpose of the research is to develop a secure remote monitoring method that can quickly and reliably detect events that cause the operation of the built-in locking mechanism of SQL Server. The use of monitoring is necessary to maintain the required level of system performance, as well as to promptly detect impacts on the information system that destroy the integrity of databases. This article is aimed at solving the main problems of remote monitoring: ensuring the completeness of the assessment of the condition and reliable, prompt transmission of the received information through an open channel. The key feature of the proposed remote monitoring method is the identification of SQL Server objects and SQL language constructs used to implement remote monitoring, taking into account the completeness of the information received. A high degree of security of the remote monitoring information environment is provided by the system means of implementing the author's client-server architecture. It is shown that the efficiency and security of the transfer of valuable control data is ensured by the use of stored procedures. Known stored procedures are redundant, so the authors needed to create their own monitoring tool, which is the main result of this article. The results of the research can be applied in the design of reliable and secure information and information search systems for various purposes.

Training on processing household organic waste into eco enzyme at 'Aisyiyah Sidoarjo Orphanage

The catering operation at the Aisyiyah Sidoarjo Orphanage generates about 5-7 kg of organic waste each day. The orphanage does not currently have a waste segregation site, which means that waste is mixed together and wrapped in plastic, which is obviously bad for the environment. In order to maintain cleanliness and environmental health and to improve the orphanage's economy by using Eco Enzyme fluids, the community service's objective is to give orphanage children early training in the processing of organic waste into Eco Enzyme. The method is through lectures and the practice of making eco enzymes. This program produces Eco Enzyme and its fermentation, which can be used to make liquid plant fertilizer, treat burns and itching, clean bathrooms and floors, and dish soap-and-liquid bath soap blend.

An Introduction to Cordra

Cordra is a digital object server that can function as a key infrastructural piece in FAIR DO (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable digital object) implementations. Cordra manages JSON records and payloads as typed digital objects identified by handles. Cordra is neither a database nor an indexer, but it integrates the two and provides a unified interface. Cordra is intended to support both quick prototyping as well as production systems. For prototyping, Cordra makes it easy to get up and running rapidly with a digital object server. A potential Cordra administrator can download Cordra and very quickly have a server which supports creation, search, and retrieval of digital objects with resolvable identifiers. The server supports Digital Object Interface Protocol (DOIP) and HTTP APIs out of the box, as well as an immediately usable prototype user interface. Cordra saves substantial development time as it comes with ready-made functionality ranging from user authentication and access control to information validation, enrichment, storing, and indexing. By default, Cordra is configured to store objects on the local file system of the machine and use embedded Apache Lucene for indexing. Simply by editing type definitions in Cordra's user interface, the administrator can start changing the behavior of the APIs and user interface in real time for experimentation, including adding custom operations. For production use, Cordra allows intensive extension and customization of the processes underlying the digital object server: how digital objects are stored and indexed, how they are validated and enriched, how users authenticate, when and to whom to give access to objects, and what custom operations can be performed. In production Cordra is run at scale, supporting high reliability and performance; among other options Cordra supports MongoDB and Amazon S3 for storage, and Elasticsearch and Apache Solr for indexing. By definition of the underlying types and operations, Cordra is intended to serve directly as the API backend for a production application. This talk will cover basic Cordra features as well as customization/configuration basics. Examples of current use will be shown, including the use of the Digital Object Interface Protocol (DOIP), for which Cordra serves as a reference implementation. Current users of Cordra include the Derivatives Service Bureau (DSB), which uses Cordra as part of its backend to manage the automated generation of International Securities Identification Numbers (ISINs) for OTC derivatives in the financial services sector; and the British Standard Institute (BSI) whose Identify service for construction product manufacturers aims to assign a Universal Persistent Identification Number (UPIN) "for every product that is specified and incorporated in a building structure". The DSB, Cordra users since 2017, has a production system with over 80 million identified digital objects which receives millions of searches each month. BSI.Identify has a system where Cordra's DOIP interface is directly accessible as the service's public API.

A risk assessment method based on the failure analysis of medical devices in the adult Intensive Care Unit

Backgrounds and Objective: The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) receives patients whose situation demands high complexity tasks. Their recovery depends on medical care, their response to medications and clinical procedures, and the optimal functioning of the medical devices devoted to them. Adverse events in ICU due to failures in the facilities, particularly medical devices, have an important impact not only on the patients but also on the operators and all those involved in their care. The origins of the technological failures seem to be more oriented to the interaction between the equipment and the operator: once the medical equipment is functioning, we must guarantee its correct execution to meet both the clinical service's objectives and the expectations of those involved in care, including the patients themselves. We present an approach to quality management based on failure analysis as the source of risk for medical devices' functioning and operation in the ICU. We decided to address it through a systematic approach by using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method and the Ishikawa diagrams' support to obtain the causes graphically.
 Material and Methods: We used the risk analysis framework as a basis of the methodology. By obtaining the causes and sub causes of technological failures in the ICU for adult patients, we applied the FMEA method and the Ishikawa diagrams to analyze the relationship between cause and failure. The ICU devices came from the Official Mexican Standard and WHO information related to the ICU operation and facilities. The data from the causes of failure came from specialized consultation and discussion forums on medical devices where these topics were addressed; we searched for over five years in Spanish forums. We proposed a calculation of the Risk Priority Number based on the information subtracted from the forums. Then, we defined an indicator showing the priority level that can be used to address the issue.
 Results: In general, the results showed that most of the medical equipment failure causes have medium and high-risk priority levels and, in some cases, the cause presented as the most prevalent didn't match with the reported in official documents such as technical or operation manuals. The most frequent causes found are related to electrical system issues and operation skills. We presented three study cases: defibrillator, vital sign monitor, and volumetric ventilator, to show the risk level designation. The conclusions inferred from these cases are oriented to training strategies and the development of support material in Spanish.
 Conclusion: The development of risk management methodologies that aim to monitor and solve potential hazard situations in critical areas is valuable to the health technology management program. The FMEA method showed to be a strong basis for the risk assessment processes, and its application to the ICU medical technology allowed the creation of the evidence supporting the decision-making process concerning strategic solutions to guarantee patient safety

A riverine emergency health service: characteristics and factors related to patients' clinical evolution

The study aimed to describe the profile of patients and the care provided by the Mobile Riverine Emergency Medical Service (SAMU) in river-dwelling communities of the Amazon and to identify factors related to patients' evolution during care by this service. This descriptive study was conducted in two stages: in the first, the data were obtained on care for individuals in the service from 2009 to 2015; in the second, the data collection was prospective during the first semester of 2016, and patients' evolution was assessed with the Rapid Emergency Medicine Score. In all the periods analyzed, some 90% of the care included medical evacuation, varying over the years as to the type of boat used most frequently in transporting the patients. The most frequent reasons for care were signs and symptoms of unknown etiology and external causes. Of the patients transported by the service in the first semester of 2016, 68.5% maintained their clinical status, 18% worsened, and 13.5% improved during care. For patients seen during this period, the mean response and total riverine care times were 84 and 172 minutes, respectively. There was an association between evolution and incidents involving venomous snakes, acute pain, age, initial severity, and destination of the patient. Causes of care were related to worsening clinical status during care, and patients who worsened were younger and in less serious condition and were more frequently evacuated to hospitals. The profile of patients and care in the riverine SAMU pointed to the need for a revision of this service's objectives and structuring.

Alternatif Aplikasi Mudah Perpustakaan (Pengenalan Aplikasi ASP.Net )

Introduction. Today we enter an era where the use of technology in everyday life is very natural. The use of this technology turned out to pose a challenge for information providers, one of them was the library. The library must be able to present information that collaborates with technology so that information can be conveyed effectively and efficiently to its users. One of them is by providing library websites using ASP.Net, which is server-side technology to develop web applications based on Microsoft .NET framework. Thus, libraries can create dynamic sites and web applications that are interactive, easy to use, easy to develop.
 Data Collection Method. In collecting data in this paper the writer uses data collection methods in the form of 
 Results and Discussions. This article discusses the history of ASP. Net and its objects namely Namespace, Web Form, Basic Web Form Syntax, Class Page, Request Object, Respone Object, Server Object
 Conclusions. ASP.Net has many objects and is easy to use. Therefore, ASP.NET can be one of the recommendations for use in creating Web libraries

Design Of Virtual Education Experiment Platform Based On Artificial Intelligence

In order to solve the problem that the digital image processing of traditional virtual education experiment platform is time-consuming and the evaluation result of the platform does not match the actual result, the design method of virtual education experiment platform based on artificial intelligence is proposed. This paper introduces the general framework of virtual education experiment platform based on artificial intelligence, including remote registration, intelligent push of learning courses, establishment of teaching centre website by using artificial intelligence technology, etc. Based on the framework and heap code, the virtual education experiment platform is built by server and client calling service objects. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is between 80% and 95%, the time-consuming is less than 0.02 μs, and the fitting range is between 80% and 100%. Compared with the methods based on 3D MAX, the proposed method has obvious advantages.

Context-Aware Service Modeling and Conflicts Discovery Based on Petri Net

In smart environments, context-aware service sense various kinds of context information and reacts automatically to adapt to changing circumstances. These adaptions may lead to context changes which trigger other services elsewhere in the environment and thus produce cascading reactions. Conflict adaptions or unexpected side effects may exist in this process. This article focuses on service conflicts related to frustrations in service execution and violations of the service's objective. A petri net-based approach is proposed to model and simulate context changes as well as services execution, and a conflicts discovery mechanism was built to detect potential conflicts. The case study of smart home scenarios shows how the method helps locate conflicts caused by different services, validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Polymodel description and qualitative analysis of problems for measurement-computer operations planning in cyberphysical systems

The paper proposes a multimodal description of the cyberphysical systems functioning (CPS), which are multifunctional hardware and software systems intended for receiving (transmitting), storing, processing and forming control actions intended for both service objects (SO) performing a specified set of targets and not part of the CPS, and to ensure its own reliable operation. This description is based on the original dynamic interpretation of the corresponding processes. For concretization in the article, the planning stage of measurement-computing operations (MCO), conducted by the CPS both for determining its location and the position of the SO, is considered. The consideration of the MCO is caused by their special importance in solving the SO management problems. The paper shows how the problem of MCO planning can be achieved with the help of Pontryagin's maximum principle and reduce to a two-point boundary value problem. In this case, the task of planning the MCO is formulated as the task of finding the optimal program control, which ensures obtaining the required accuracy of the CPS location and SO for the minimum time (or with the minimum energy costs for the implementation of the MCO). Traditionally, tasks of this class (scheduling problems) are solved using mathematical programming methods. The proposed use of the optimal control theory methods for solving scheduling problems makes it possible to improve the quality of planning results (including increasing the efficiency of obtaining a plan, reducing the cost of resources when implementing it). Information on practical implementation of the developed models and algorithms is given.

Automatic Marking of SQL Server Based on SQL-DMO

SQL Server skill assessment is deficient. This article describes the SQL Server object model SQL-DMO. Propose the process of SQL Server skill assessment: test paper generation, Skill assessment and Automatic marking. Analysis two key techniques of skill assessment based on SQL-DMO. One is getting operating information based on SQL-DMO. The other is automatic marking for Skill and Operation. Besides, automatic marking rules for database object creating, modifying and deleting are focused on. The author uses SQL-DMO method to realize database object information acquisition, and implement automatic marking for SQL Server database skill assessment.

Research of Information Extraction from SQL Server Based on SQL-DMO

This article describes the SQL Server object model SQL-DMO. Through the object model all information of SQL Server's internal objects can be obtained, including databases, data tables, stored procedures and triggers and so on. Analysis the method of the object’s information extraction. Get the child object by analyzing the parent object’s collection property and get internal information by analyzing the object’s properties. A visual basic procedure is designed to achieve the table’s structure information for all user tables in specified SQL Server database. This method is more complete and simple than the method based on system table.

Cooperative content replication in networks with autonomous nodes

We examine a network where autonomous nodes participate in content exchange or delivery, and define a replication group as a set of nodes that cooperate in order to effectively retrieve information objects from a distant server. Each node locally replicates a subset of the server objects and can access objects stored by other nodes in the group at a smaller cost, compared to the cost of accessing them from the server. Given that nodes are autonomous and independently decide which objects to replicate, the problem is to construct efficient distributed algorithms for content replication that induce low average access cost. This problem becomes even more challenging when the group has to deal with churn, i.e., random “join” and “leave” events of nodes in the group; churn induces instability and has a major impact on cooperation efficiency. Given a probability estimate of each node being available, we propose a distributed churn-aware object placement strategy. By considering a game-theoretic approach, we identify cases where the churn-aware strategy is individually rational for all nodes, while the churn-unaware is not. Numerical results further show that the algorithm outperforms, in most cases, its churn-unaware counterpart, and allows for a more fair treatment of nodes according to their availability frequency, thus inciting nodes to cooperate.

Can we enhance the training of clinical supervisors? A national pilot study of an evidence‐based approach

Clinical supervision plays an essential part in maintaining professional standards and in achieving the National Health Service's objective of a modern workforce. Paradoxically, little is known about how supervisors themselves acquire competence, leading to lament that 'something does not compute'. To contribute to a solution, a supervisor training manual that guided trainers in delivering continuing professional development to supervisors in an evidence-based approach to clinical supervision was piloted nationally, in terms of the reactions of trainers (N = 25 tutors from clinical psychology courses) and their workshop delegates (N = 256 clinical psychology supervisors). Trainers were allocated randomly to either manual-alone or to a manual-plus consultancy group. The trainers all rated the manual favourably (mean rating of 78%), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. However, the supervisors within the consultancy group rated the sessions significantly more highly than their counterparts. It is concluded that brief training in an evidence-based approach appears feasible and acceptable, making more rigorous evaluations appropriate.

A transactional agent model for distributed object systems

A transactional agent (TA) is a mobile agent which manipulates objects in multiple object servers with some constraints. For example, in a majority constraint, a transaction can commit if objects in more than half of the servers are successfully manipulated. An agent leaves a surrogate agent on a server on leaving the server in order to hold objects manipulated by the agent. A surrogate agent recreates an agent if the agent is faulty. We discuss how TAs with types of constraints can commit. We discuss implementation and evaluation of TAs for multiple servers.

A delegation-based approach for the unanticipated dynamic evolution of distributed objects

Large information systems are typically distributed and cater to several client programs, with different needs. Traditional approaches to software development and deployment cannot handle situations where (i) the needs of one client application evolve over time, diverging from the needs of others, and (ii) when the server application cannot be shutdown for maintenance. In this paper, we propose an experimental framework for the unanticipated dynamic evolution of distributed objects that enables us to: (i) extend the behavior of distributed objects during run-time, requiring no shutdown, and (ii) offer different functionalities to different applications simultaneously. In our approach, new client programs can invoke behavioral extensions to server objects that are visible only to them, while legacy applications may continue to use the non-extended versions of the server. Our approach has the advantage of: (i) requiring no changes to the host programming language or to the virtual machine, and (ii) providing a transparent programming model to the developer. In this paper, we describe the problem of unanticipated dynamic evolution of distributed objects, the principles underlying our approach, and our prototype implementations for Java and C#. We conclude by discussing related work, and the extent to which our approach can be used to support industrial strength unanticipated evolution.

Collocation optimizations in an aspect-oriented middleware system

In distributed object-oriented systems, there are situations where client and server objects are deployed in the same address space. In such scenarios, it is possible to dispatch remote calls without having to transverse the infrastructure provided by the underlying communication middleware system and thus without incurring the overhead of using a networking loopback interface. Such optimizations are called collocation optimizations. In this paper we describe an implementation of collocation that is centered on aspect-oriented programming abstractions. This implementation provides high degrees of modularization, configurability and adaptability than current object-oriented support to collocation. The paper also presents results about the performance gains derived from the optimization proposed.

SoftArch/MTE: Generating Distributed System Test-Beds from High-Level Software Architecture Descriptions

Most distributed system specifications have performance benchmark requirements, for example the number of particular kinds of transactions per second required to be supported by the system. However, determining the likely eventual performance of complex distributed system architectures during their development is very challenging. We describe SoftArch/MTE, a software tool that allows software architects to sketch an outline of their proposed system architecture at a high level of abstraction. These descriptions include client requests, servers, server objects and object services, database servers and tables, and particular choices of middleware and database technologies. A fully-working implementation of this system is then automatically generated from this high-level architectural description. This implementation is deployed on multiple client and server machines and performance tests are then automatically run for this generated code. Performance test results are recorded, sent back to the SoftArch/MTE environment and are then displayed to the architect using graphs or by annotating the original high-level architectural diagrams. Architects may change performance parameters and architecture characteristics, comparing multiple test run results to determine the most suitable abstractions to refine to detailed designs for actual system implementation. Further tests may be run on refined architecture descriptions at any stage during system development. We demonstrate the utility of our approach and prototype tool, and the accuracy of our generated performance test-beds, for validating architectural choices during early system development.