Object-oriented Software Design Research Articles

Design of Data Persistence for Network Resources Recommendation System Based on Hibernate Architecture

The Python language is more focused on problem solving, which is in line with the era of computational thinking, and the teaching of Python language course requires students to systematically master the basic concepts, programming ideas and programming techniques of Python, and have the idea of object-oriented software design technology. We have developed a recommended system of online resources for "Python Programming" course to solve the problem of students' access to resources and deepen the teaching reform of the Python Programming course. Data persistence is an important task in system development, and Hibernate is the most popular O/R Mapping framework. The data persistence design based on Hibernate solves the key technical problems in the development of the network resource recommendation system for the "Python Programming" course, and improves the efficiency and maintainability of the software system development.

Design and Development E-Mading System For Information Students

This study aims to facilitate the provision of information and reduce the amount of paper use in the Department of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Padang State University. With the large amount of paper used to provide information on conventional e-mading, it causes too much paper to be wasted and not too effective in providing information. With the large amount of paper wasted also causes inefficient time. Because too much information and announcements reported to the Electronics Engineering Department cannot be managed by admin in the Department of Eletronics, Faculty of Engineering, Padang State University. Therefore, for now there is a need for a digital madding to manage information and reduce the amount of paper usage. There are 2 methods used in this study are Data Collection Methods and System Development Methods. This Data Collection Method uses interview and observation techniques, while the System Development Method uses USDP. In this study using the USDP method, where this method can do an object-oriented software development, design and analysis of software design using the UML approach (Unifed Modeling Language)

SERPENT2-SUBCHANFLOW-TRANSURANUS PIN-BY-PIN DEPLETION CALCULATIONS FOR A PWR FUEL ASSEMBLY

This work presents the results for a coupled neutronic-thermalhydraulic-thermomechanic pin-level depletion calculation of a PWR fuel assembly using Serpent2-SUBCHANFLOW-TRANSURANUS. This tool is based on a semi-implicit depletion scheme with pin-by-pin feedback, mesh-based field exchange and an object-oriented software design. The impact of including fuel-performance capabilities is analyzed, with focus on high-burnup effects. The treatment of the Doppler feedback to the neutronics is examined as well, in particular the use of radial fuel-temperature profiles or radially averaged values.

On the Usability of Object-Oriented Design Patterns for a Better Software Quality

Abstract Software design patterns incarnate expert knowledge distilled from the practical experience in object-oriented design, in a compact and reusable form. The article presents a quantitative study of the usability of the object-oriented software design patterns (known as Gang of Four patterns) applied for improving the testability, maintainability, extendibility, readability, reliability, and performance efficiency of software applications. We received 82 usable responses from software professionals in Bulgaria, with 65 of them addressing both the usability and recognition of each one of the Gang of Four patterns, together with their impact on important software quality characteristics. As well, we studied the approach of each software developer in choosing a particular design pattern to use in order to solve a problem. We found statistically significant differences between the most recognized and most useful patterns and between the most unrecognized and most useless patterns, split into creational, structural, and behavioral groups.

Challenges in Developing Sequence Diagrams (UML)

During the object-oriented software design phase, the designers have to describe the dynamic aspect of the system under development through the most common interaction diagram variant in UML 2.0, i.e. sequence diagrams. Some novice designers, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, suffer from making inappropriate models due to insufficiently detailed guidance required to develop such sequence diagrams. This paper classifies some potential mistakes which are likely performed by such novice designers, and discusses the corresponding corrections. We summarized such mistakes based on our long experiences in teaching software modeling classes as well as software analysis and design classes. There were classified twenty-one potential mistakes with respect to the syntactical and semantical correctness of the developed models. It is concluded that novice designers have to be aware and take into account the identified mistakes in such a way they can produce correct sequence diagrams.

Guidelines for Structuring Object-Oriented Product Configuration Models in Standard Configuration Software

Product configuration systems (PCSs) are increasingly being used in various industries to manage product knowledge and create the required specifications of customized products. Companies applying PCS face significant challenges in modelling, structuring and documenting the systems. Some of the main challenges related to PCSs are formalising product knowledge conceptually and structuring the product features. The modelling techniques predominantly used to visualise and structure PCSs are the Unified Modelling Language (UML) notations, Generic Bill of Materials (GBOM) and Product Variant Master (PVM), associated with class collaboration cards (CRC-cards). These methods are used to both analyse and model the products and create a basis for implementation to a PCS by using an object-oriented approach. However, the modelling techniques do not consider that most commercial PCSs are not fully object-oriented, but rather, they are expert systems with an inference engine and a knowledge base; therefore, the constructed product models require modifications before implementation in the configuration software. The consequences are that what is supposedly a feasible structure of the product model is not always appropriate for the implementation in standard PCS software. To address this challenge, this paper investigates the best practice in modelling and implementation techniques for PCSs in standard software and alternative structuring methods used in object-oriented software design. The paper proposes a method for a modular design of a PCS in not fully object-oriented standard PCS software using design patterns. The proposed method was tested in a case company that suffered from a poorly structured product model in a not fully object-oriented PCS. The results show that its maintainability can be improved by using design patterns in combination with an agile documentation approach.

Emulator for data analytics and IoT development projects

One of the difficulties for the development and testing of data analysis applications used by IoT devices is the economic and temporary cost of building the IoT network, to mitigate these costs and expedite the development of IoT and analytical applications, it is proposed NIOTE, an IoT network emulator that generates sensor and actuator data from different devices that are easy to configure and deploy over TCP/IP and MQTT protocols, this tool serves as support in academic environments and conceptual validation in the design of IoT networks. The emulator facilitates the development of this type of application, optimizing the development time and improving the final quality of the product. Object-oriented programming concepts, architecture, and software design patterns are used to develop this emulator, which allows us to emulate the behavior of IoT devices that are inside a specific network, where you can add the number of necessary devices, model and design any network. Each network sends data that is stored locally to emulate the process of transporting the data to a platform, through a specific format and will be sent to perform Data Analysis.

SABCEMM: A Simulator for Agent-Based Computational Economic Market Models

We introduce the simulation tool SABCEMM (Simulator for Agent-Based Computational Economic Market Models) for agent-based computational economic market (ABCEM) models. Our simulation tool is implemented in C++ and we can easily run ABCEM models with several million agents. The object-oriented software design enables the isolated implementation of building blocks for ABCEM models, such as agent types and market mechanisms. The user can design and compare ABCEM models in a unified environment by recombining existing building blocks using the XML-based SABCEMM configuration file. We introduce an abstract ABCEM model class which our simulation tool is built upon. Furthermore, we present the software architecture as well as computational aspects of SABCEMM. Here, we focus on the efficiency of SABCEMM with respect to the run time of our simulations. We show the great impact of different random number generators on the run time of ABCEM models. The code and documentation is published on GitHub at https://github.com/SABCEMM/SABCEMM, such that all results can be reproduced by the reader.

Extended ForUML for Automatic Generation of UML Sequence Diagrams from Object-Oriented Fortran

Recently, reverse engineering has become widely recognized as a valuable process for extracting system abstractions and design information from existing software. This study focuses on ForUML, a reverse engineering tool developed to extract UML diagrams from modern object-oriented Fortran programs. Generally, Fortran is used to implement scientific and engineering software in various domains, such as weather forecasting, astrophysics, and engineering design. However, methods for visualizing the existing design of object-oriented Fortran software are lacking. UML diagrams of Fortran software would be beneficial to scientists and engineers in explaining the structure and behavior of their programs at a higher level of abstraction than the source code itself. UML diagrams can enhance discussions within development teams and with the broader scientific community. The first version of ForUML produces only UML class diagrams. Class diagrams provide a useful window into the static structure of a program, including the structure and components of each class and the relationships between classes. However, class diagrams lack the temporal information required to understand class behavior and interactions between classes. UML sequence diagrams provide this important algorithmic information. Therefore, herein, an extension for ForUML to extract UML sequence diagrams from the Fortran code is proposed, and this capability is provided using a widely used open-source platform. This study argues that the proposed extension will enable the visualization of object-oriented Fortran software behavior and algorithmic structure and thereby enhance the development, maintenance practices, decision processes, and communications in scientific and engineering software communities worldwide.

Hynet: An Optimal Power Flow Framework for Hybrid AC/DC Power Systems

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems are increasingly incorporated into today's AC power grids, necessitating optimal power flow (OPF) tools for the analysis, planning, and operation of such hybrid systems. To this end, we introduce hynet, a Python-based open-source OPF framework for hybrid AC/DC grids with point-to-point and radial multi-terminal HVDC systems. hynet's design promotes ease of use and extensibility, which is supported by the particular mathematical model and software design presented in this paper. The system model features a unified representation of AC and DC subgrids as well as a concise and flexible converter model, which enable the compact description of a hybrid AC/DC power system and its OPF problem. To support convex relaxation based OPF solution techniques, a state space relaxation is introduced to obtain a unified OPF formulation that is analogous to the OPF of AC power systems. This enables the direct generalization of relaxation-related results for AC grids to hybrid AC/DC grids, which is shown for the semidefinite and second-order cone relaxation as well as associated results on exactness and locational marginal prices. Finally, hynet's object-oriented software design is discussed, which provides extensibility via inheritance and standard design patterns, and its robust and competitive performance is illustrated with case studies.

Tracing the Linkage of Several Unified Modelling Language Diagrams in Software Modelling Based on Best Practices

Designing software aims to ensure that the systems will be developed truly reflects the needs of users. To ensure the software and the needs of users requires designing software with a good methodology, which can capture a wide range of user needs properly and accurately. One method of designing software is applied through the implementation of Unified Modeling Language (UML) concept. The objective of this article is to reveal the general system and concept of object-oriented software design with UML. The methodology used in writing articles using literature reviews as the primary source of analysis object oriented software design with UML The method that used in this article is literature review as a major source of object-oriented software design analysis with UML. In the next phase, the main topic of the article is clarified, validated, and verified by the model of the Focus Group Discussion. The respondents of this study are informatics lecturers at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. This article describes the approach of object oriented software designing with UML, especially how to use use-case, class, and sequence diagram well with the right linkage. And also, how to trace the linkage between those diagrams thus meet all software requirements. Through a good UML method, the produced software is expected to meet the standards of good software quality, which is able to solve problems quickly and accurately.

Cost-effective and fault-resilient reusability prediction model by using adaptive genetic algorithm based neural network for web-of-service applications

The exponential rise in software technologies and its significances has demanded academia-industries to ensure low cost software solution with assured service quality and reliability. A low cost and fault-resilient software design is must, where to achieve low cost design the developers or programmers prefer exploiting source or function reuse. However, excessive reusability makes software vulnerable to get faulty due to increased complexity and aging proneness. Non-deniably assessing reusability of a class of function in software can enable avoiding any unexpected fault or failure. To achieve it developing a robust and efficient reusability estimation or prediction model is of utmost significance. On the other hand, the aftermath consequences of excess reusability caused faults might lead significant losses. Hence assessing cost effectiveness and efficacy of a reusability prediction model is must for software design optimization. In this paper, we have examined different reusability prediction models for their cost effectiveness and prediction efficiency over object-oriented software design. At first to examine the reusability of a class, three key object oriented software metrics (OO-SM); cohesion, coupling and complexity of the software components are used. Furthermore, our proposed cost-efficient reusability prediction model incorporates Min–Max normalization, outlier detection, reusability threshold estimation; T test analysis based feature selection and various classification algorithms. Different classifiers including decision tree (DT), Naive Bayes (NB), artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms, extreme learning machine (ELM), regression algorithms, multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) and adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) based ANN are used for reusability prediction. Additionally, the cost effectiveness of each reusability prediction model is estimated, where the overall results have revealed that AGA based ANN as classifier in conjunction with OO-SM, normalization, T test analysis based feature selection outperforms other state-of-art techniques in terms of both accuracy as well as cost-effectiveness.

A Case Study on Design Patterns and Software Defects in Open Source Software

Design patterns are object oriented software design practices for solving common design problems and they affect software quality. In this study, we investigate the relationship of design patterns and software defects in a number of open source software projects. Design pattern instances are extracted from the source code repository of these open source software projects. Software defect metrics are extracted from the bug tracking systems of these projects. Using correlation and regression analysis on extracted data, we examine the relationship between design patterns and software defects. Our findings indicate that there is little correlation between the total number of design pattern instances and the number of defects. However, our regression analysis reveals that individual design pattern instances as a group have strong influences on the number of defects. Furthermore, we find that the number of design pattern instances is positively correlated to defect priority. Individual design pattern instances may have positive or negative impacts on defect priority.

Recognising object-oriented software design quality: a practitioner-based questionnaire survey

Design quality is vital if software is to be maintainable. What practices do developers actually use to achieve design quality in their day-to-day work and which of these do they find most useful? To discover the extent to which practitioners concern themselves with object-oriented design quality and the approaches used when determining quality in practice, a questionnaire survey of 102 software practitioners, approximately half from the UK and the remainder from elsewhere around the world was used. Individual and peer experience are major contributors to design quality. Classic design guidelines, well-known lower level practices, tools and metrics all can also contribute positively to design quality. There is a potential relationship between testing practices and design quality. Inexperience, time pressures, novel problems, novel technology, and imprecise or changing requirements may have a negative impact on quality. Respondents with most experience are more confident in their design decisions, place more value on reviews by team leads and are more likely to rate design quality as very important. For practitioners, these results identify the techniques and tools that other practitioners find effective. For researchers, the results highlight a need for more work investigating the role of experience in the design process and the contribution experience makes to quality. There is also the potential for more in-depth studies of how practitioners are actually using design guidance, including Clean Code. Lastly, the potential relationship between testing practices and design quality merits further investigation.

Identifying Thresholds for Similarity-Based Class Cohesion (SCC) Metrics

Abstract. The object-oriented design (OOD) concept can be used to implement a quality measurement program is based on the possibility of inter-relationship between attributes and methods in the class diagram and interaction between objects on a communication diagram. The process of calculating the value of cohesion on the design of object-oriented software using Similarity-Based Class Cohesion metrics can be done by identifying the relationship between the three types of possible interaction between those methods, method-attribute, and interaction attribute-attribute. But the existence of such measurements theory is rarely used in the software development industry. This is due to there is no threshold value that is used as the limit of good or bad design. This study aims to determine the threshold of cohesion metric based on the class diagram. The result showed that the threshold of SCC metric is 0.45. 0.45 is the value that has the highest level of agreement with the design expert

Comparación de Uso del Patrón de Diseño Decorator y la Programación Orientada a Aspectos en .NET para Modularizar Incumbencias Cruzadas

Looking for modular .NET software solutions, this article describes and illustrates how to produce modular .NET solutions through the use of the object-oriented software design pattern Decorator and the aspectoriented programming (AOP) tool PostSharp for the crosscutting concerns modularization of an application. The application is a base and traditional crosscutting concerns example (logging example). This article presents solutions of logging by the use of Decorator and PostSharp for the modularization of its crosscutting concerns. It also gives details of the advantages and disadvantages of both solutions. Furthermore, this article specifies AOP information that is part of PostSharp and proposes applying PostSharp and Decorator to achieve higher modularity level solutions.

Design Assessment Indicator for Object Oriented Software

Object-oriented paradigm emerged and attracted increasing support throughout the software engineering profession and also provided the definition of new classes of objects that inherit much of their behaviour from previously defined classes. It is mostly unclear as what design quality really is involved in constructing a design that confines the requirements and limitation necessary to be used. Even qualified professionals may never become expert designers. All professionals learn strategies and techniques for improving their design approaches through applying values, extensive experience, opinion and lessons learned from other designers. Software design is an essential cost driver in software development, it not only causes the cost of its own formation, but it also strongly influences the cost of implementation and maintenance. The design phase takes only 5–10% of the total effort (over the whole software life cycle), but a large part (up to 80%) of the total effort is taken for improving design decisions or structure Even if the initial design is good enough for that moment, there may be difficulties when attempting to make changes and extensions during the maintenance phase. The goal of this work is to develop a model that provides a relevant interpretation of measurement results when applied to the investigation of object-oriented software design. The research proposes a design phase quality model to assess the design of any object-oriented system. The research also focusses on analyzing a set of metrics, which has a direct influence on the quality of the software and creating a design phase tool based on Java that can be used to validate the object-oriented projects against these metrics. For the proposed model, new metrics and some well-known metrics were adopted and validated. The analysis was carried out on a set of real time projects designed using Unified Modeling Language, which were used as test cases. Finally, the model presents valuable indications to the designers to validate their quality of software design. The design assessment indicator can also help to compare the design alternatives by evaluating each alternative and comparing its results.

Properties of Relationships Among Objects in Object-Oriented Software Design

One of the modern paradigms to develop a system is object oriented analysis and design. In this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles. After identifying objects, the various relationships among objects must be identified. This paper makes a literature review over relationships among objects. Mainly, the relationships are three basic types, including generalization/specialization, aggregation and association.This paper presents five taxonomies for properties of the relationships. The first taxonomy is based on temporal view. The second taxonomy is based on structure and the third one relies on behavioral. The fourth taxonomy is specified on mathematical view and fifth one related to the interface. Additionally, the properties of the relationships are evaluated in a case study and several recommendations are proposed.

The Ettention software package

We present a novel software package for the problem “reconstruction from projections” in electron microscopy. The Ettention framework consists of a set of modular building-blocks for tomographic reconstruction algorithms. The well-known block iterative reconstruction method based on Kaczmarz algorithm is implemented using these building-blocks, including adaptations specific to electron tomography. Ettention simultaneously features (1) a modular, object-oriented software design, (2) optimized access to high-performance computing (HPC) platforms such as graphic processing units (GPU) or many-core architectures like Xeon Phi, and (3) accessibility to microscopy end-users via integration in the IMOD package and eTomo user interface. We also provide developers with a clean and well-structured application programming interface (API) that allows for extending the software easily and thus makes it an ideal platform for algorithmic research while hiding most of the technical details of high-performance computing.

PERANCANGAN PERANGKAT LUNAK JADWAL KULIAH BERBASIS OBJECT ORIENTED

The research goal is to build a system based on object-oriented software design to make scheduling courses that can be used to process data class schedule that can help the academic to regulate the division of space, lecturer, time, subjects, credits, class , and maximum credits that can be performed by each lecturer. The method used in this study is an object-oriented methodology that focuses mainly on the object with a system built consists of an integrated object. The methodology consists of design models and application domains, as well as making additional implementation details at the time of creation / development system. This research resulted in an object-oriented applications based on created user friendly, can be accessed quickly, precisely and can be used by all parties entitled to and associated with the manufacture of class schedules. The resulting system consists of six tables (ie table of courses, faculty table, table space, table of study program, lecturers ability tables, and table classes), six input (ie input of courses, faculty input, the input space, input study program, ability lecturer input, and the input class), and the output of the report's class schedule.